LUBRICANTS. (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "LUBRICANTS. (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS"

Transcription

1

2 LUBRICANTS (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS

3 Tribology

4 Lubricants and Lubrication Any substance introduced between two moving/sliding surfaces to reduce frictional resistance between them is known as lubricant Process of reducing frictional resistance between moving/sliding surfaces by introduction of lubricants in between them is called lubrication

5 Greases Semi-solid lubricants with combination of petroleum product (fraction) and soap Used when machine is at low speed and under high pressure Greases do not spill- ideal in bearings stay-put Grease is prepared be dispersing a gelling agent (soaps of Ca, Al, Li) in petroleum oil (lubricating oil) Role of soaps: Acts as a thickener, enables grease to stick to the machine parts firmly, nature of soap determines the temperature at which grease can be used-consistency, resistance to water, oxidation

6 Functions of a lubricant (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS Reduces surface deformation, wear & tear because direct contact between the rubbing surfaces is avoided Reduces loss of energy in form of heat --- lubricant acts like a coolant --- reduces frictional heat thereby controlling expansion of metals --- maintains shape, size & dimensions of metal parts in contact Reduces waste of energy-- Efficiency of machine enhanced Acts as a sealant --- preventing leakage of gases under high pressure

7 Controls corrosion of moving machine parts --- prevents attack due to moisture Cleaning and Suspending Lubricant facilitates smooth operation of the equipment by removing & suspending potentially harmful products, such as carbon, dirt and wear debris

8 Mechanism of Lubrication Hydrodynamic/ Thick film/ Fluid Film Boundary/ Thin Film Extreme Pressure

9 Hydrodynamic lubrication Moving/Sliding surfaces are separated from each other by a thick lubricant film (1000A 0 thick) This prevents direct surface to surface contact so that the small peaks and valleys do not interlock Sewing machines, clocks, scientific instruments

10 Operation of a Journal Bearing Bearing consists of shaft rotating at a fair speed with moderate load (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS Lubricant is applied in the annular space Stationary position Two surfaces remain in contact In Motion Shaft begins to rotate and also the lubricant film rotates between metallic surfaces As shaft gains velocity, liquid film flows at greater rate Due to thick oil film, all asperities of metal surfaces are filled up and pressure is developed that keeps the two surfaces separated---- thereby reducing wear

11 Boundary lubrication (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS Thick film cannot persist when machines are on low speed and high load with a lubricant of low viscosity Thin layer (10 0 A) of lubricant is adsorbed on the metallic surfaces which avoids direct metal to metal contact Soaps of vegetable oil or animal oil, mineral oils blended with fatty Applied in machines like gears, rollers acids, solid lubricants like graphite, semi-solid lubricants like greases

12 Extreme pressure lubrication Under heavy load, high speed operating conditions, machines attain higher temperatures Due to frictional heat, liquid lubricants fail to stick to the surfaces & may decompose or vaporize Additives like P, S or chloro compounds are added to mineral oils. Such additives improve specific characteristics of lubricating oil---extreme pressure additives Additives react with metal surfaces => form durable films like phosphides, sulfides that act as good lubricant under extreme pressure & temperature

13 Properties of lubricants Viscosity and Viscosity Index Property by virtue of which a liquid or fluid (oil) offers resistance to its own flow Viscosity Rate at which viscosity of oil changes with temperature is measured by an empirical number, known as Viscosity Index Oils become thin on heating viscosity decreases; Decrease in viscosity is rapid ---oil has low viscosity index & vice versa Oils should possess adequate viscosity to function as a good lubricant Redwood viscometer (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS

14 Flash and Fire point Measures of flammability Flash Point : Minimum temperature at which liquid gives off vapours that will ignite for a moment when a small flame is brought near it Fire Point : Minimum temperature at which vapors of the oil burn continuously for 5 seconds when a small flame is brought near it Knowledge of flash and fire points in lubricating oil helps to take preventive measures against fire hazards Pensky-Marten s Apparatus (c) Dr. Payal Joshi, NMIMS

15 Cloud and Pour Point Indicate the suitability of lubricants in cold conditions Cloud Point: Temperature at which oil becomes cloudy or hazy in appearance; temperature at which solidifiable compounds, like paraffin wax, present in oil begin to crystallize or separate from solution Pour Point : Temperature at which oil ceases to flow or pour A good lubricating oil must have low cloud and pour point or else it may solidy at lower temp causing jamming of machine parts affecting speed of working machine

16 Oiliness: Ability of lubricant oil to stick to the machine parts under heavy load or pressure Poor oiliness causes easy squeeze out of lubricants when machines are operated under heavy load Petroleum oil has poor oiliness, but Vegetable oils have good oiliness Petroleum oils are mixed with animal/vegetable oils or fatty acids like oleic acid, stearic acid, etc

17 Saponification & Acid Value Saponification value: Number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify one gram of oil Characteristic property of vegetable/animal oil; Mineral/synthetic oils do not undergo saponification Alkaline hydrolysis of pure oil giving soap and glycerol Helps us to estimate stability of an oil in aqueous/alkaline medium Signifies composition of oil, thereby checks suitability of oils for lubrication--- Drying property of oil is a harmful phenomena which can also be checked

18

19 Oil (W g) is mixed with known excess of alc. KOH (0.5 N) Stirred vigorously and reflux mixture for 2 hr in water bath using water condenser Fatty acids form potassium salts (soaps) & glycerol is released Oil + alc. KOH = Soap + glycerol + unreacted KOH Unreacted KOH titrated against HCl (0.5N). Amount of unreacted KOH is known from amount of HCl consumed Saponification value = Volume of KOH consumed (blank back) x N KOH (0.5) x 56/W of oil (Wg) Expressed in mg of KOH

20 Acid value: Number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize free fatty acids present in one gram of oil To determine content of free acids in an oil; their presence can harm machines during lubrication Mineral oils on prolonged exposure to oxygen, results in oxidation--- formation of carboxylic acids--- making oil unsuitable for lubrication Acid value should be minimum (< 0.1) Higher the acid value, greater the corrosion of machine parts, more wear & tear more maintenance cost

21 Accurately weigh 5 g of the oil under test into a 250 ml conical flask and add 50 ml of alcohol. Heat the flask over a water bath for about 30 minutes. Add few drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Titrate with the standard KOH solution until a pale permanent pink color appears at end point. Acid Value = V KOH consumed x N KOH x 56 Weight of oil (W gm)

22 Numerical Problems Based on Saponification value 5 g of vegetable oil was saponified using excess of 0.5N alcoholic KOH. The mixture required 17 ml of 0.5N HCl. Blank titration reading was 44 ml. Calculate saponification value of the oil. Data: Weight of oil= 5 g Blank titration reading =44 ml Back titration reading = 17 ml Solution: Since, Volume of 0.5N KOH required by oil for saponification in terms of 0.5N HCl = (44-17) ml = 27 ml

23 Conclusion: Saponification value of oil is mg of KOH.

24 1.55 g of oil is saponified with 20 ml of N/2 alcoholic KOH. After refluxing the mixture, it requires 15 ml of N/2 HCl solution. Calculate the saponification value of oil. Data: Weight of oil = 1.55 g Solution: Blank titration reading = 20 ml Back titration reading = 15 ml Normality of KOH and HCl = N/2 = 0.5N Volume of 0.5N KOH required by oil for saponification in terms of 0.5N HCl = (20-15) ml = 5 ml

25

26 Oil sample of saponification value 168 mg of KOH was saponified using 0.4 N alcoholic KOH. Blank titration reading was 50 ml of 0.4N HCl solution. Find the quantity of alcoholic KOH required while saponification reaction. Data: Saponification value of oil = 168 mg of KOH Blank titration reading = 50 ml Weight of oil = 1g Normality of KOH= 0.4N Consider the back titration reading as x ml,

27 168 = (Blank Back) x 0.4 x 56/1 168 = (50 x ) x 0.4 x 56/1 168 = [50 x] x = x 22.4 x = Hence, x = /22.4 = 42.5 ml of alcoholic KOH.

28 Numerical Problems based on Acid Value Vegetable oil was tested for its acid value. 10 g of oil required 2.4 ml of 0.02 N KOH. Calculate the acid value and determine whether the oil is suitable for lubrication or not. Data: Weight of oil = 10 g Volume of KOH = 2.4 ml Normality of KOH = 0.02 N

29 Acid value of vegetable oil is As the acid value of vegetable oil is greater than 0.1, oil is not suitable for lubrication.

30 9.0 ml of oil is taken from the machine and it required 1.5 ml of 0.04N KOH. Calculate its acid value if density of oil is 0.81 g/ml. Data: Volume of oil = 9 ml Volume of KOH = 1.5 ml Density of oil = 0.81 g/ml Normality of KOH = 0.04 N Solution: Mass of oil = Volume x density = 9 x 0.81 = 7.29 g

31 Acid value of vegetable oil is As the acid value of vegetable oil is greater than 0.1, oil is not suitable for lubrication.

32 1.3 g of oil required 0.8 ml of N KOH for neutralization. Calculate acid value and mention whether the oil is suitable to be used as a lubricant or not. Data: Weight of oil = 1.3 g Volume of KOH = 0.8 Normality of KOH = 0.001N

33 Acid value of vegetable oil is As the acid value of vegetable oil is lesser than 0.1, oil is suitable for lubrication.

34

Investigation on the Use of Palm Olein as Lubrication Oil

Investigation on the Use of Palm Olein as Lubrication Oil Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies ISSN 1583-1078 Issue 8, January-June 2006 p. 1-8 Investigation on the Use of Palm Olein as Lubrication Oil Department of Mechanical Engineering,

More information

Biodiesel Fundamentals for High School Chemistry Classes. Laboratory 3: Determination of the Acid Number of Vegetable Oils by Titration

Biodiesel Fundamentals for High School Chemistry Classes. Laboratory 3: Determination of the Acid Number of Vegetable Oils by Titration Laboratory 3: Determination of the Acid Number of Vegetable Oils by Titration Topics Covered ph vs. acid number Acidity and acid values in organic solutions Titration techniques How to obtain acid values

More information

EXPERIMENT 14 ANALYSIS OF OILS AND FATS:

EXPERIMENT 14 ANALYSIS OF OILS AND FATS: EXPERMENT 14 ANALYSS OF OLS AND FATS: Structure 14.1 ntroduction Objective 14.2 Determination of Saponification Value Principle Requirements Observations Calculations and Result 14.3 Determination of odine

More information

Risk and safety Phrases

Risk and safety Phrases Risk and safety Phrases Risk Phrases (R) R1 Explosive when dry. R2 Risk of Explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. R3 Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other

More information

Feedstuffs Analysis G-22-1 PROTEIN

Feedstuffs Analysis G-22-1 PROTEIN Feedstuffs Analysis G-22-1 PROTEIN PRINCIPLE SCOPE Many modifications of the Kjeldahl method have been accepted for the estimation of protein in organic materials. It comprises sample oxidation and conversion

More information

ANIMAL OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 10 ÉTHAL 1 1. COMPOSITION 479. BY WEIGHT BY VOLUME 2

ANIMAL OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 10 ÉTHAL 1 1. COMPOSITION 479. BY WEIGHT BY VOLUME 2 126 ANIMAL OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 10 ÉTHAL 1 1. COMPOSITION 479. BY WEIGHT BY VOLUME 2 Oxygen 6.2888 100.00 1.00 Carbon 79.7660 1268.40 16.60 Hydrogen 13.9452 221.74 35.54 which is equivalent to: Ethylene..

More information

DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD

DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD DEAS 847-5: 2015 ICS 71.100.70 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD Oils for cosmetic industry Methods of test Part 5: Determination of unsaponifiable matter EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY EAS 2015 First Edition 2015 Copyright

More information

12BL Experiment 2: Extraction & Saponification of Trimyristin from Nutmeg

12BL Experiment 2: Extraction & Saponification of Trimyristin from Nutmeg 12BL Experiment 2: Extraction & Saponification of Trimyristin from Nutmeg Safety: Proper lab goggles/glasses must be worn (even over prescription glasses). Heating of organic solvents releases irritating

More information

R- a S- věty v angličtině používané v bezpečnostních listech Single R-Phrases

R- a S- věty v angličtině používané v bezpečnostních listech Single R-Phrases Single R-Phrases R1: Explosive when dry. R2: Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. R3: Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.

More information

Petrolatum. Stage 4, Revision 1. Petrolatum is a purified semi solid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.

Petrolatum. Stage 4, Revision 1. Petrolatum is a purified semi solid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. 1 001-1208PDG.pdf Petrolatum Stage 4, Revision 1 Definition Petrolatum is a purified semi solid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It may contain a suitable antioxidant. Description and Solubility

More information

Pectins. Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016

Pectins. Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Pectins This monograph was also published in: Compendium of Food Additive Specifications.

More information

THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL interacted with MONO- and DIGLYCERIDES of FATTY ACIDS

THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL interacted with MONO- and DIGLYCERIDES of FATTY ACIDS THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL interacted with MONO- and DIGLYCERIDES of FATTY ACIDS Prepared at the 39th JECFA (1992), published in FNP 52 Add 1 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at

More information

Experiment 6: STANDARDIZATION OF A BASE; MASS PERCENT OF AN ACID

Experiment 6: STANDARDIZATION OF A BASE; MASS PERCENT OF AN ACID Experiment 6: STANDARDIZATION OF A BASE; MASS PERCENT OF AN ACID Introduction The reaction of an acid and a base to form a salt and water is known as neutralization. In this experiment; potassium acid

More information

They are substances that are soluble in lipid or derived from the lipids by hydrolysis; for examples, cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins.

They are substances that are soluble in lipid or derived from the lipids by hydrolysis; for examples, cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins. They are substances that are soluble in lipid or derived from the lipids by hydrolysis; for examples, cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds,side chian are (alkane).:

More information

ANIMALS OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 2 PREPARATION AND SAPONIFICATION OF SPERMACETI 1. PREPARATION OF SPERMACETI

ANIMALS OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 2 PREPARATION AND SAPONIFICATION OF SPERMACETI 1. PREPARATION OF SPERMACETI 182 ANIMALS OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 2 PREPARATION AND SAPONIFICATION OF SPERMACETI 1. PREPARATION OF SPERMACETI 690. The spermaceti I examined was separated as follows from a yellow colored oil which commercial

More information

PURPOSE: To synthesize soap from fat and lye. To observe the physical and chemical properties of soap.

PURPOSE: To synthesize soap from fat and lye. To observe the physical and chemical properties of soap. FATS AND SAP: SAPNIFIATIN PURPSE: To synthesize soap from fat and lye. To observe the physical and chemical properties of soap. FATTY AIDS AND FATS: Fats and oils are mixtures of complex esters. Fat esters

More information

R & S Phrases. Introduction.

R & S Phrases. Introduction. R & S Phrases Introduction The so called R-Phrases give hints to special risks which may arise by the handling of hazardous substances or formulations. The letter R is the abbreviation for Risk. Accordin

More information

THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL

THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL Prepared at the 39th JECFA (1992), published in FNP 52 Add 1 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 55th JECFA (2000). An ADI of 0-3 mg/kg bw was established

More information

Food acidity FIRST LAB

Food acidity FIRST LAB Food acidity FIRST LAB objective To determine total acidity of milk, juice, vinegar and oil acid value Food acidity Food acids are usually organic acids, with citric, malic, lactic, tartaric, and acetic

More information

EXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS, TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS, SUCROSE AND STARCH

EXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS, TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS, SUCROSE AND STARCH Practical Manual Food Chemistry and Physiology EXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS, TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS, SUCROSE AND STARCH Structure 4.1 Introduction Objectives 4.2 Experiment 4a: Reducing

More information

CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS

CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS This chapter describes the methods adopted for raw and parboiled bran pretreatment, oil extraction, refining and analysis. Further, the methods used to determine the

More information

Review of Research into Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG) Deposits in Collection Systems. Casey R. Furlong, P.E. Environmental Specialist InSinkErator

Review of Research into Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG) Deposits in Collection Systems. Casey R. Furlong, P.E. Environmental Specialist InSinkErator Review of Research into Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG) Deposits in Collection Systems Casey R. Furlong, P.E. Environmental Specialist InSinkErator Background Large Contributor to Sanitary Sewer Overflows per

More information

Advanced Chemical Concepts. Inc. Additives. For Metalworking. And Industrial Lubricants. Building Win / Win Long Term Sustainable Relationship

Advanced Chemical Concepts. Inc. Additives. For Metalworking. And Industrial Lubricants. Building Win / Win Long Term Sustainable Relationship Advanced Chemical Concepts. Inc. Additives For Metalworking And Industrial Lubricants Building Win / Win Long Term Sustainable Relationship INTRODUCTION At Advanced Chemical Concepts, Inc., we believe

More information

FATS & OILS GLOSSARY

FATS & OILS GLOSSARY FATS & OILS GLOSSARY Antioxidant A substance that slows or interferes with the reaction of a fat or oil with oxygen. The addition of antioxidants to fats or foods containing them retard rancidity and increases

More information

H O. rapidly reduces. They dissolve. because they can hydrogen bond to the water molecules.

H O. rapidly reduces. They dissolve. because they can hydrogen bond to the water molecules. 3.9 arboxylic Acids and Derivatives Naming arboxylic acids These have the ending oic acid but no number is necessary for the acid group as it must always be at the end of the chain. The numbering always

More information

3016 Oxidation of ricinoleic acid (from castor oil) with KMnO 4 to azelaic acid

3016 Oxidation of ricinoleic acid (from castor oil) with KMnO 4 to azelaic acid 6 Oxidation of ricinoleic acid (from castor oil) with KMnO 4 to azelaic acid CH -(CH ) OH (CH ) -COOH KMnO 4 /KOH HOOC-(CH ) -COOH C H 4 O (.) KMnO 4 KOH (.) (6.) C H 6 O 4 (.) Classification Reaction

More information

Standardization of a Base, Mass Percent of an Acid

Standardization of a Base, Mass Percent of an Acid Experiment 7 Standardization of a Base, Mass Percent of an Acid Pre-Lab Assignment Before coming to lab: Read the lab thoroughly. Answer the pre-lab questions that appear at the end of this lab exercise.

More information

22. The Fischer Esterification

22. The Fischer Esterification 22. The Fischer Esterification A. Background Esters are an incredibly important functional group in organic chemistry. Esters are typically very pleasant smelling molecules and are therefore frequently

More information

Application Note #67 Total Acid Number (TAN)

Application Note #67 Total Acid Number (TAN) Application Note #67 Total Acid Number (TAN) Updated December 2016 Introduction: Acid Number or Total Acid Number (TAN) is used to test the quantity of acidic components in an oil sample. This test determines

More information

The Future of Aluminium Complex Greases Peter Baladincz a, György Pölczmann b, József Tóth a

The Future of Aluminium Complex Greases Peter Baladincz a, György Pölczmann b, József Tóth a The Future of Aluminium Complex Greases Peter Baladincz a, György Pölczmann b, József Tóth a a MOL-LUB Ltd., Fő str. 21, Almásfüzitő, H-2931, Hungary b University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém,

More information

Experiment 12 Lipids. Structures of Common Fatty Acids Name Number of carbons

Experiment 12 Lipids. Structures of Common Fatty Acids Name Number of carbons Experiment 12 Lipids Lipids are a class of biological molecules that are insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar solvents. There are many different categories of lipids and each category has different

More information

Management of Renewable Sources of Energy: A Case on Rice Bran oil and Vegetable oils of Bangladesh Perspective

Management of Renewable Sources of Energy: A Case on Rice Bran oil and Vegetable oils of Bangladesh Perspective Energy Science and Technology Vol. 2, No. 1, 2011, pp. 62-67 DOI:10.3968/j.est.1923847920110201.729 ISSN 1923-8460[PRINT] ISSN 1923-8479[ONLINE] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org Management of Renewable

More information

ANIMAL OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 6 CAN SAPONIFICATION BE ACHIEVED WITH POTASSIUM BICARBONATE AND AMMONIUM CARBONATE 1?

ANIMAL OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 6 CAN SAPONIFICATION BE ACHIEVED WITH POTASSIUM BICARBONATE AND AMMONIUM CARBONATE 1? 284 ANIMAL OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 6 CAN SAPONIFICATION BE ACHIEVED WITH POTASSIUM BICARBONATE AND AMMONIUM CARBONATE 1? 1056. After having considered saponification with respect to the nature of the bases

More information

Material Safety Data Sheet SunClean Concrete Tile Cleaner

Material Safety Data Sheet SunClean Concrete Tile Cleaner 1. Production Description Product Name: Concrete Tile Cleaner Application of the substance: Cleaner Acid Based Manufacturer/Supplier: Sun Clean Cleaning Ind. LLC P.O. Box 41475, SHARJAH UAE Tel: +971 (6)

More information

slight, characteristic colour Gardner max. 4

slight, characteristic colour Gardner max. 4 Castor oil CAS No. 8001-79-4 Castor oil (also known as Ricinus oil) is a vegetable oil extracted by mechanical pressing of the Castor seed. It is pale-yellowish or almost colorless with a mild characteristic

More information

TRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE

TRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE Experiment 10 Name: 22 Ti TRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE In this experiment, you will learn the concept and technique of titration. You will use a standard (potassium hydrogen phthalate) to determine

More information

Synthesis and Evaluation of Esterified Estolide

Synthesis and Evaluation of Esterified Estolide Chapter 5 Synthesis and Evaluation of Esterified Estolide 5.1 Introduction Coconut oil has a very high congelation temperature precluding its use as base oil for industrial lubricants in temperate and

More information

EXERCISE 3 Carbon Compounds

EXERCISE 3 Carbon Compounds LEARNING OBJECTIVES EXERCISE 3 Carbon Compounds Perform diagnostic tests to detect the presence of reducing sugars (Benedict s), starch (Lugol s), protein (Biuret), lipid (SudanIV) and sodium chloride

More information

A Study of Wear Properties of Different Soybean Oils

A Study of Wear Properties of Different Soybean Oils Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 42 (2013 ) 633 639 The Mediterranean Green Energy Forum 2013, MGEF-13 A Study of Wear Properties of Different Soybean Oils Kraipat

More information

Separation and quantitative estimation of complexing agents used in complex soap thickener based lubricating greases. Abstract : Introduction :

Separation and quantitative estimation of complexing agents used in complex soap thickener based lubricating greases. Abstract : Introduction : Separation and quantitative estimation of complexing agents used in complex soap thickener based lubricating greases Abstract : S.Murali,Rohit Agarwal, Dr. Balaram Ghosh and K.Gopinathan Balmer Lawrie

More information

Figure 2. Figure 1. Name: Bio AP Lab Organic Molecules

Figure 2. Figure 1. Name: Bio AP Lab Organic Molecules Name: Bio AP Lab Organic Molecules BACKGROUND: A cell is a living chemistry laboratory in which most functions take the form of interactions between organic molecules. Most organic molecules found in living

More information

TRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE

TRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE Experiment 8 Name: 22 Ti TRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE In this experiment, you will learn the concept and technique of titration. You will use a chemical standard (potassium hydrogen phthalate)

More information

Purity Tests for Modified Starches

Purity Tests for Modified Starches Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Purity Tests for Modified Starches This monograph was also published in: Compendium

More information

Tar and bitumen Military specification greases Metalworking fluids Cooking greases

Tar and bitumen Military specification greases Metalworking fluids Cooking greases Product Description The Elevance Clean 1200 product line includes superior performing, fast acting and VOC-exempt solvents for industrial degreasing applications that outperform conventional and bio-based

More information

Extraction, Characterization and Modification of Castor Seed Oil

Extraction, Characterization and Modification of Castor Seed Oil Leonardo Journal of Sciences ISSN 1583-0233 Issue 8, January-June 2006 p. 43-52 Extraction, Characterization and Modification of Castor Seed Oil Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of

More information

Safety Data Sheet SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING

Safety Data Sheet SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING Safety Data Sheet SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING Catalog Number: MET-5016 Product Name: Soluble Collagen Assay Kit Recommended Use: Laboratory Research

More information

Organic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation

Organic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation Name: Organic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation Introduction & Background Milk & milk products have been a major food source from earliest recorded history. Milk is a natural, nutritionally

More information

Interesterification. 4.1 Introduction. Chapter 4. Efforts have been made to improve the low-temperature properties by blending the

Interesterification. 4.1 Introduction. Chapter 4. Efforts have been made to improve the low-temperature properties by blending the Chapter 4 Interesterification 4.1 Introduction Efforts have been made to improve the low-temperature properties by blending the vegetable oils with diluents such as poly α olefin, diisodecyl adipate, and

More information

High Performance Surface Protection. Polymersilicate Coating System. AKS Coatings GmbH

High Performance Surface Protection. Polymersilicate Coating System. AKS Coatings GmbH High Performance Surface Protection Polymersilicate Coating System AKS Coatings GmbH AKS-PS Polymersilicate Coating System highly resistant to acids, lyes and chemical attack solvent-free high adhesion

More information

Pulpdent Corporation Revision Date: May 1, 2017 Safety Data Sheet

Pulpdent Corporation Revision Date: May 1, 2017 Safety Data Sheet 1.0 Commercial Product Name and Supplier 1.1 Commercial product name / designation Etch-All 10% Phosphoric Acid Etching Gel 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 Application / Use SIC Use Category 1.3 Manufacturer Pulpdent

More information

ABSTRACT. Keywords: clay, charcoal, adsorption column, activation, palm kernel oil, characterization.

ABSTRACT. Keywords: clay, charcoal, adsorption column, activation, palm kernel oil, characterization. REFINING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PALM KERNEL OIL USING TREATED CHARCOAL AND CLAY Azeez, O. S. 1*, Olatunde, O. N. 1, Adewolu, O. 1, Olutoye, M. A., 1 1 Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University

More information

USER SPECIFICATIONS FOR QUINTOLUBRIC 888 Series DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PROPERTIES AND THE POSSIBLE VARIATIONS AND TOLERANCES

USER SPECIFICATIONS FOR QUINTOLUBRIC 888 Series DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PROPERTIES AND THE POSSIBLE VARIATIONS AND TOLERANCES USER SPECIFICATIONS FOR QUINTOLUBRIC 888 Series OVERVIEW The QUINTOLUBRIC 888 Series of fluids are based on a synthetic organic ester, which is the main base component, plus a number of selected additives

More information

Quality Considerations and Control Factors for Homebrewing Biodiesel. John Bush

Quality Considerations and Control Factors for Homebrewing Biodiesel. John Bush Quality Considerations and Control Factors for Homebrewing Biodiesel John Bush John@boulderbiodiesel.com www.boulderbiodiesel.com Quality? Modern Diesel Engines are very sensitive to fuel quality issues.

More information

E17 ETHYLCELLULOSE. Revision 3 Stage 4

E17 ETHYLCELLULOSE. Revision 3 Stage 4 00-205PDG.pdf 2 E7 ETHYLCELLULOSE Revision 3 Stage 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 32 33 34 35 36 37 DEFINITION Ethylcellulose is a partly O-ethylated cellulose. It

More information

Item number Item number Item number

Item number Item number Item number Tall Oil products product Distilled Tall Oil (DTO) Product name UCY10 UCY15 UCY20 UCY20-25 UCY25-30 UCY30-40 Item number 10-004 10-011 10-012 10-009 10-005 10-013 Page 3 4 5 6 7 8 Item number 10-006 10-007

More information

ADVANCED VAPOUR DEGREASING WITHOUT OZONE DEPLETING SOLVENTS

ADVANCED VAPOUR DEGREASING WITHOUT OZONE DEPLETING SOLVENTS ABSTRACT ADVANCED VAPOUR DEGREASING WITHOUT OZONE DEPLETING SOLVENTS 1 of 5 An advanced vapour degreasing process has been developed which offers the ease of use, fast drying, and excellent cleaning performance

More information

NORTHERN CORRIDORSTANDARD NC 4:2018. Roasted Macadamia Specification

NORTHERN CORRIDORSTANDARD NC 4:2018. Roasted Macadamia Specification NORTHERN CORRIDORSTANDARD NC 4:2018 Roasted Macadamia Specification Roasted macadamia Specification 1 Scope This Northern corridor Standard specifies the requirements, methods of sampling and testing for

More information

E55A GELATIN, GELLING GRADE Gelatina

E55A GELATIN, GELLING GRADE Gelatina 00-0PDG.pdf 0 0 0 0 EA GELATIN, GELLING GRADE Gelatina DEFINITION Purified protein obtained from collagen of animals (including fish and poultry) by partial alkaline and/or acid hydrolysis, by enzymatic

More information

EXPERIMENT 9 LIPIDS: DETERMINATION OF FAT IN FRENCH FRIES. a fat molecule. Materials Needed

EXPERIMENT 9 LIPIDS: DETERMINATION OF FAT IN FRENCH FRIES. a fat molecule. Materials Needed EXPERIMENT 9 LIPIDS: DETERMINATIN F FAT IN FRENCH FRIES Materials Needed French fries or potato chips 1 capillary tube dichloromethane boiling stones 2 Pasteur pipets 1 applicator stick Br 2 / CH 2 Cl

More information

SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING

SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING Page 1 of 5 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Z-Poxy Finishing resin - B (hardener) - PT40 MANUFACTURER Pacer Technology 9420 Santa Anita

More information

SAFETY DATA SHEET BWT-27

SAFETY DATA SHEET BWT-27 1. Product and Manufacturer Identification Product Name: Manufacturer: Apollo Technologies, Inc. 31441 Santa Margarita Parkway, Suite A-219 Rancho Santa Margarita, Ca. 92688 For more information call:

More information

FERTILIZER. Safety Data Sheet. OSHA Haz Com Standard 29 CFR V Kraft Rd Lakeland, FL

FERTILIZER. Safety Data Sheet. OSHA Haz Com Standard 29 CFR V Kraft Rd Lakeland, FL Section 1: Identification 18-5-9 FERTILIZER Safety Data Sheet OSHA Haz Com Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200 V3 Product Name Product Type 884092-18-5-9 FERTILIZER : Solid Granule Uses Recommended use / restrictions

More information

1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Laboratory chemical

1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Laboratory chemical Page 1 of 6 1. Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1 Product identifier ; component of all kits of the GenoType series, the ThromboType series, and the micro-ident

More information

Soxhlet Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Mangifera indica L. Seed Kernel Oil.

Soxhlet Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Mangifera indica L. Seed Kernel Oil. RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DAIRY TECHNOLOGY Soxhlet Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Mangifera indica L. Seed Kernel Oil. I Sani* Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State

More information

Safety Data Sheet. Product Name: DetectX Palladium Screening Fluorescent Detection Kit. Section 1: Identification. Section 2: Hazard(s) Identification

Safety Data Sheet. Product Name: DetectX Palladium Screening Fluorescent Detection Kit. Section 1: Identification. Section 2: Hazard(s) Identification Safety Data Sheet Revision Date: 17 October 2016 Product Name: DetectX Palladium Screening Fluorescent Detection Kit Section 1: Identification Product Name: DetectX Palladium Screening Fluorescent Detection

More information

Activity 4.2 Dissolving a substance in different liquids

Activity 4.2 Dissolving a substance in different liquids Activity 4.2 Does colored sugar dissolve equally well in water, vegetable oil, and alcohol? In the introductory story on Activity sheet 4.1, the student added drink mix to different liquids. Many drink

More information

BRIEFING Assay + + +

BRIEFING Assay + + + BRIEFING Sodium Starch Glycolate, NF 22 page 2933 and page 3202 of PF 22(6) [Nov. Dec. 1996]. The United States Pharmacopeia is the coordinating pharmacopeia for the international harmonization of the

More information

SAFETY DATA SHEET WF32 OIL

SAFETY DATA SHEET WF32 OIL SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY INFORMATION PRODUCT: NRI MINERAL OIL PRODUCT CODE: WF32 CHEMICAL NAME/FAMILY: REFRIGERANT OIL OTHER NAME: Mineral Oil MANUFACTURER / DISTRIBUTOR: NATIONAL

More information

Safety Data Sheet. (Lauramide DEA) Lauramide DEA DATE PREPARED: 8/24/2015. Section 1. Product and Company Identification

Safety Data Sheet. (Lauramide DEA) Lauramide DEA DATE PREPARED: 8/24/2015. Section 1. Product and Company Identification Section 1. Product and Company Identification Lauramide DEA Product Name CAS Number 120-40-1 Parchem - fine & specialty chemicals 415 Huguenot Street New Rochelle, NY 10801 (914) 654-6800 (914) 654-6899

More information

Material Safety Data Sheet

Material Safety Data Sheet * * * Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification * * * Part Number: 310, 310WOR, 31032, 3101, 31030, 31053 Product Use: Automatic Transmission Additive Manufacturer Information BG Products

More information

Determination of Vitamin C in Fruit Juices

Determination of Vitamin C in Fruit Juices Microscale Determination of Vitamin C in Fruit Juices Vitamin C is an important nutrient in the human diet. It is essential for preventing the disease called scurvy and for maintaining good health. Vitamin

More information

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET BOISE CASCADE SECTION 1 CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME: WOOD DUST (UNTREATED). TRADE NAME: WOOD DUST (UNTREATED). MANUFACTURER/DISTRIBUTOR: BOISE CASCADE

More information

Draft for comments only Not to be cited as East African Standard

Draft for comments only Not to be cited as East African Standard EAST AFRICAN STANDARD Liquid toilet soap Specification EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY CD/K/807:2010 ICS 71.100.40 EAC 2010 First Edition 2010 Foreword Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated

More information

G-TEX HA is packed in non-returnable, internal-lined metal drums of net weight 205kg or delivered in larger bulk quantities using appropriate tanks.

G-TEX HA is packed in non-returnable, internal-lined metal drums of net weight 205kg or delivered in larger bulk quantities using appropriate tanks. G-TEX HA G-TEX HA X01/R1/S0126 G-TEX HA is a natural rubber latex concentrate obtained by centrifugation and preserved with a high amount of ammonia. It is a general purpose latex and is widely used in

More information

6.02 Uniformity of Dosage Units

6.02 Uniformity of Dosage Units 6.02 Uniformity of Dosage Units Change 1. Content Uniformity, 3. Criteria and Table 6.02-2 as follows: 1. Content Uniformity Select not less than 30 units, and proceed as follows for the dosage form designated.

More information

Formulation and Performance of Palm-grease Using Calcium Soap

Formulation and Performance of Palm-grease Using Calcium Soap 1 Formulation and Performance of Palm-grease Using Calcium Soap Sukirno 1, Ludi 1, Rizqon F 2, S.Bismo 1, M.Nasikin 1 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Indonesia 2 Laboratory for Thermodynamics,

More information

NPK Fertilizer SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS) OSHA Haz Com Standard 29 CFR Prepared to GHS Rev03.

NPK Fertilizer SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS) OSHA Haz Com Standard 29 CFR Prepared to GHS Rev03. SECTION 1: Identification 1.1. Product identifier Product Form : Solid Granule Product Name: : 10-10-20 1.2. Recommended use / restrictions of use : Agricultural fertilizer. No restrictions. 1.3. Details

More information

CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE. Cellulosum microcristallinum. Cellulose, microcrystalline EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.0

CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE. Cellulosum microcristallinum. Cellulose, microcrystalline EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.0 Cellulose, microcrystalline EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.0 Phthaloyl groups (C 8 H 5 O 3 ; M r 149.1): typically 30.0 per cent to 36.0 per cent (anhydrous and acid-free substance). Dissolve 1.000 g in 50 ml

More information

چهارمین کنگره مهندسی نفت ایران. Lab Investigation of Inorganic Scale Removal Using Chelating Agents and Hydrochloric Acid Solutions.

چهارمین کنگره مهندسی نفت ایران. Lab Investigation of Inorganic Scale Removal Using Chelating Agents and Hydrochloric Acid Solutions. Lab Investigation of Inorganic Scale Removal Using Chelating Agents and Hydrochloric Acid Solutions Abstract One of the most important damages to the oil and gas reservoirs, are inorganic scales resulted

More information

NORKOOL DESITHERM Desiccant

NORKOOL DESITHERM Desiccant NORKOOL DESITHERM Desiccant Introducing a New Premium Desiccant Designed to Fight Corrosion 2 Looking for a high-performance triethylene glycol (TEG) for a natural gas dehydration system? Search no further.

More information

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENERAL HYDROPONICS ph Up TM Dry Concentrate 3/12/09 SECTION 2. INGREDIENTS AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENERAL HYDROPONICS ph Up TM Dry Concentrate 3/12/09 SECTION 2. INGREDIENTS AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENERAL HYDROPONICS ph Up TM Dry Concentrate SECTION 1. MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION Product Name: ph Up TM Dry Concentrate Chemical Family: Caustic alkali 3/12/09 Product Use: To

More information

Directions for the Creation and Use of GHS Labels

Directions for the Creation and Use of GHS Labels Directions for the Creation and Use of GHS Labels Globally Harmonized System (GHS) labels must have the following elements: 1. Product Name or Identifier 2. Pictograms (See Final Page) 3. Signal Word (Danger

More information

4. Determination of fat content (AOAC, 2000) Reagents

4. Determination of fat content (AOAC, 2000) Reagents 94 ANALYTICAL METHODS 1. Determination of moisture content (AOAC, 2000) 1. Dry the empty dish and lid in the oven at 105 C for 3 h and transfer to desiccator to cool. Weigh the empty dish and lid. 2. Weigh

More information

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ELAN CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC Date Printed: October 23, 2007 Date Updated: November 9, 2005 1. Product /Company Identification Product Name: NATURAL ISOAMYL ACETATE Manufacturer:

More information

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ELAN CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC Date Printed: October 23, 2007 Date Updated: August 26, 2005 1. Product /Company Identification Product Name: NATURAL ACETIC ACID Manufacturer: Elan

More information

0620 CHEMISTRY. 0620/23 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80

0620 CHEMISTRY. 0620/23 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 0620 CHEMISTRY 0620/23 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80

More information

Lutein Esters from Tagetes Erecta

Lutein Esters from Tagetes Erecta Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Lutein Esters from Tagetes Erecta This monograph was also published in: Compendium

More information

University of Malta Department of Chemistry GUIDE TO RISK ASSESSMENT

University of Malta Department of Chemistry GUIDE TO RISK ASSESSMENT University of Malta Department of Chemistry GUIDE TO RISK ASSESSMENT Obtain the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS s) for all chemicals used in the practical. These are readily available online. Determine

More information

Transformer fluid options and condition monitoring STLE Toronto Section September 2016

Transformer fluid options and condition monitoring STLE Toronto Section September 2016 Transformer fluid options and condition monitoring STLE Toronto Section September 2016 Products of M&I Materials Ltd. Topics Covered Transformer Fluid classes & Options Comparison of Fluid Properties Fire

More information

Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3

Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3 Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3 Objectives: To observe the solubility of alcohols relative to their chemical structure, to perform chemical tests to distinguish primary, secondary and

More information

SAFETY DATA SHEET. Section 1. IDENTIFICATION

SAFETY DATA SHEET. Section 1. IDENTIFICATION SAFETY DATA SHEET Section 1. IDENTIFICATION Product Identifier Product Name Nickel Thred Gard. Other means of Identification Product Code Recommended Use Recommended Restrictions NG04, NG08, NG16. Anti

More information

GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD

GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.5-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 5009.5-2016 National food safety standard

More information

Libranol RDG-LA Rapeseed Diethanolamide. Providing Sustainable Cleaning

Libranol RDG-LA Rapeseed Diethanolamide. Providing Sustainable Cleaning Libranol RDG-LA Rapeseed Diethanolamide Providing Sustainable Cleaning Libranol RDG-LA Green/sustainable Raw material Rapeseed oil is a sustainable Biggest producer is the EU Provides excellent: Foam stability

More information

: Pro 1 Oil Supplement

: Pro 1 Oil Supplement Date of issue: 03/18/2016 Version: 1.0 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Product form Product name : Mixture Product code : 93400

More information

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) HEALTH: 2 FLAMMABILITY: 1 REACTIVITY: 1 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product Name: Trade Name: Codes and colours: Manufacturer name: Ultraviolet light

More information

Safety Data Sheet. 1 - Identification

Safety Data Sheet. 1 - Identification Safety Data Sheet 1 - Identification Product Name: WD-40 Specialist Superior Performance True Multi-Purpose Grease Product Use: Lubricant, grease Restrictions on Use: None identified SDS Date Of Preparation:

More information

Chapter 5: Analysis of water content, total solids & water activity

Chapter 5: Analysis of water content, total solids & water activity Chapter 5: Analysis of water content, total solids & water activity 1 Water is an essential constituent of many foods. It may occur as an intracellular or extracellular component in vegetable and animal

More information

Safety Data Sheet. 1. Identification. 2. Hazard Identification

Safety Data Sheet. 1. Identification. 2. Hazard Identification Product Identifier : Recommended Uses : Supplier : Safety Data Sheet Powdered Presoak Heavy Duty Alkaline Presoak CP Industries Ltd. P.O. Box 300 535 Dickson Drive Fergus, Ontario N1M 2W8 Emergency Telephone

More information

1. Product And Company Identification

1. Product And Company Identification 1. Product And Company Identification Product Name: Responsible Party: STP Synthetic Oil Treatment Information Phone Number: +1 203-205-2900 Emergency Phone Number: For Medical Emergencies, call 1-866-949-6465

More information

EUDRAGIT L 100 and EUDRAGIT S 100

EUDRAGIT L 100 and EUDRAGIT S 100 Technical Information EUDRAGIT L 100 and EUDRAGIT S 100 Specification and Test Methods Ph. Eur. Methacrylic Acid - Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer (1:1) Methacrylic Acid - Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer (1:2)

More information