Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues. Short Answer. Figure 3.1

Transcription

1 Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues Short Answer Figure 3.1 Using Figure 3.1, match the following: 1) The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 91 2) The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is. Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 99 3) The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 92 4) The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 91 5) The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 99 1

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3 Multiple Choice 1) Which one of the following is NOT true about the cell membrane: A) it consists of two lipid layers B) its lipid components are primarily phospholipids and cholesterol C) it contains proteins for specialized functions D) it regulates the entry and exit of cell materials E) it allows water soluble molecules to pass through easily Diff: 3 Page Ref: ) The site where ribosomes assemble prior to their migration into the cytoplasm is the: A) chromatin B) chromosomes C) nucleolus D) nuclear membrane E) plasma membrane Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67 3) The molecules that make the cell surface fuzzy, sticky, and sugar-rich are the: A) cholesterol molecules B) glycoproteins C) lipid molecules D) proteins E) phospholipids Diff: 2 Page Ref: 68 4) The molecules in the cell membrane that serve as receptors or binding sites for hormones or other chemical messengers are the: A) glycoproteins B) proteins C) cholesterol molecules D) carbohydrates E) lipids Diff: 3 Page Ref: 68 5) The tiny finger-like projections that increase the surface are of the cell for quicker absorption are called: A) desmosomes B) gap junctions C) inclusions D) microvilli E) tight junctions Diff: 2 Page Ref: 68 3

4 6) The three major components of the cytoplasm are the: A) cytosol, organelles, and inclusions B) cytosol, inclusions, and nucleoli C) cytosol, organelles, and nucleoli D) organelles, inclusions, and nucleoli E) organelles, inclusions, and ribosomes Diff: 2 Page Ref: 69 7) Microvilli are apt to be found in cells that are specialized for: A) contraction B) protection C) absorption D) insulation E) division Diff: 3 Page Ref: 68 8) Ribosomes are found: A) on smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) in the cytoplasm C) on the Golgi apparatus D) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum E) in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum Diff: 3 Page Ref: 71 9) Which organelle uses molecular oxygen to convert and detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and free radicals: A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosomes C) peroxisomes D) ribosomes E) secretory vesicles Diff: 2 Page Ref: 73 10) The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called: A) active transport B) bulk transport C) osmosis D) diffusion E) filtration Diff: 3 Page Ref: 77 4

5 11) Two types of passive transport are: A) osmosis and endocytosis B) endocytosis and diffusion C) diffusion and filtration D) filtration and exocytosis E) exocytosis and endocytosis Diff: 3 Page Ref: 76 12) Which of the following is NOT an active transport process: A) facilitated diffusion B) endocytosis C) exocytosis D) pinocytosis E) phagocytosis Diff: 3 Page Ref: 78-79; ) Cells that are specialized to fight disease are called: A) nerve cells B) macrophages C) epithelial cells D) oocytes E) fibroblasts Diff: 2 Page Ref: 75 14) Which of the following do not involve the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration: A) diffusion B) simple diffusion C) facilitated diffusion D) filtration E) osmosis Diff: 2 Page Ref: ) Two types of endocytosis are: A) cellular secretion and solute pumping B) solute pumping and active transport C) active transport and phagocytosis D) phagocytosis and pinocytosis E) pinocytosis and passive transport Diff: 2 Page Ref: 82 5

6 17) A cell whose job is to detoxify harmful or poisonous substances such as alcohol would have many: A) nuclei B) peroxisomes C) lysosomes D) rough endoplasmic reticulum E) flagella Diff: 2 Page Ref: 73 30) Goblet cells are found in: A) simple squamous epithelium B) simple columnar epithelium C) simple cuboidal epithelium D) stratified squamous epithelium E) transitional epithelium Diff: 2 Page Ref: 90 31) Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses: A) epithelial tissue B) muscle tissue C) nervous tissue D) connective tissue E) dense tissue Diff: 2 Page Ref: 98 32) Which of the following is NOT connective tissue: A) bone B) cartilage C) blood D) skeletal muscle E) adipose Diff: 2 Page Ref: ) Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining kidney tubules: A) simple cuboidal B) stratified squamous C) simple squamous D) pseudostratified columnar E) simple columnar Diff: 3 Page Ref: 90 6

7 34) The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called: A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle tissue E) brain tissue Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 93 35) The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as the esophagus, is: A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium B) simple squamous epithelium C) simple columnar epithelium D) transitional E) stratified squamous epithelium Diff: 2 Page Ref: 90 36) Fat is: A) dense connective tissue B) loose connective tissue C) adipose tissue D) areolar tissue E) osseous tissue Diff: 2 Page Ref: 97 37) Identify the type of tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow: A) adipose tissue B) dense connective tissue C) areolar tissue D) reticular connective tissue E) osseous tissue Diff: 3 Page Ref: 97 38) Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as: A) exocrine B) endocrine C) sebaceous D) ceruminous E) sudoriferous Diff: 1 Page Ref: 93 7

8 39) Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue: A) movement is involuntary and cells possess striations B) attached to the skeleton C) movement is voluntary and cells possess striations D) single nucleus and spindle-shaped cells E) multinucleate and long, cylindrical cells Diff: 2 Page Ref: 98 40) The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is: A) cardiac muscle B) skeletal muscle C) smooth muscle D) both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle E) both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle Diff: 2 Page Ref: 98 41) The type of tissue with a matrix that consists of rows of fibroblasts that manufacture collagen fibers is: A) dense connective tissue B) loose connective tissue C) adipose tissue D) areolar tissue E) osseous tissue Diff: 3 Page Ref: 97 42) The last step in the process of tissue regeneration is: A) scab formation B) granulation tissue forms C) capillaries become very permeable D) surface epithelium regenerates E) blood clot forms Diff: 2 Page Ref: ) Which cell structure forms an internal framework inside the cell and is made of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments: A) cytoplasm B) plasma membrane C) cytoskeleton D) nucleus E) mitochondria Diff: 2 Page Ref: 73 8

9 44) A cell ingests bacteria. What type of transport is likely responsible for this process: A) diffusion B) osmosis C) exocytosis D) endocytosis E) filtration Diff: 2 Page Ref: ) Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile: A) ribosomes B) smooth ER C) flagella D) peroxisomes E) cytoplasm Diff: 2 Page Ref: 73 Figure ) The tissue shown in Figure 3.3 most likely: A) contracts to produce movement B) transmits electrochemical impulses C) covers and lines body surfaces D) stores fat E) contains a matrix Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 90; 92 9

10 Matching Match the following: 1) Centriole A) determines overall cell shape Diff: 2 Page Ref: 73 B) packages substances for release from cell 2) Mitochondria Diff: 1 Page Ref: C) directs formation of mitotic spindle 3) Ribosome Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71 D) synthesizes cholesterol and fat 4) Lysosome E) site of protein synthesis Diff: 1 Page Ref: 73 5) Microtubule F) captures energy to produce ATP Diff: 2 Page Ref: 73 G) site of ribosome synthesis 6) Golgi apparatus H) uses oxygen to detoxify harmful substances Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72 7) Nucleolus I) digests worn-out or nonusable cell structures Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67 8) Microvilli J) increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68 9) Smooth ER Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71 10) Peroxisomes Diff: 2 Page Ref: 73 10

11 Match the following: 25) Type of tissue that has an A) epithelial tissue apical surface and a basement membrane B) muscle tissue Diff: 2 Page Ref: 89 C) connective tissue 26) Type of tissue that consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix Diff: 1 Page Ref: 93 D) nervous tissue 27) Type of tissue that is specialized to contract and produce movement Diff: 1 Page Ref: 97 28) Type of tissue that can be simple or stratified Diff: 2 Page Ref: ) Type of tissue that consists of neurons and supporting cells Diff: 1 Page Ref: 98 30) Type of tissue that can be described as voluntary or involuntary Diff: 2 Page Ref: ) Type of tissue that contains collagen, elastic, or reticular fibers Diff: 2 Page Ref: 93 32) Type of tissue that makes up endocrine and exocrine glands Diff: 2 Page Ref: 93 33) Type of tissue that is avascular Diff: 2 Page Ref: 89 34) Type of tissue that can be classified as "loose" or "dense" Diff: 2 Page Ref: 97 11

12 35) Type of tissue whose two functional characteristics are irritability and conductivity Diff: 2 Page Ref: 98 12

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