BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 7: Membrane Structure and Function: Life at the Edge

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 7: Membrane Structure and Function: Life at the Edge"

Transcription

1 BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 7: Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge

2 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge CONCEPTS: 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability 7.3 Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment 7.4 Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients 7.5 Bulk transprt acrss the plasma membrane ccurs by excytsis and endcytsis Descriptive term regarding the structures f the plasma membrane Descriptive term regarding the functins f the plasma membrane

3 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins The main macrmlecules in membranes are lipids and prteins, but carbhydrates are als imprtant. The mst abundant lipids are phsphlipids. Phsphlipids and mst ther membrane cnstituents are amphipathic mlecules, which have bth hydrphbic and hydrphilic regins.

4 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membrane mdels have evlved t fit new data. The structural arrangement f phsphlipids and prteins in bilgical membranes is described by the fluid msaic mdel. In this mdel, the membrane is a fluid structure with a msaic f varius prteins embedded in r attached t a duble layer (bilayer) f phsphlipids.

5 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are Fluid Membrane mlecules are held in place by relatively weak hydrphbic interactins. Mst f the lipids and sme prteins drift laterally in the plane f the membrane but rarely flip-flp frm ne phsphlipid layer t the ther. The lateral mvements f phsphlipids are rapid, abut 2 µm per secnd.

6 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are Fluid Membrane fluidity is influenced by temperature. As temperatures cl, membranes can transitin frm a fluid state t a slid state as the phsphlipids pack mre clsely. Membrane fluidity is als influenced by the cmpnents f the membrane. Membranes rich in unsaturated fatty acids are mre fluid that thse dminated by saturated fatty acids because kinks in the unsaturated fatty acid tails at the lcatins f the duble bnds prevent tight packing

7 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are Fluid Membrane fluidity is influenced by temperature. As temperatures cl, membranes can transitin frm a fluid state t a slid state as the phsphlipids pack mre clsely. Membrane fluidity is als influenced by the cmpnents f the membrane. Membranes rich in unsaturated fatty acids are mre fluid that thse dminated by saturated fatty acids because kinks in the unsaturated fatty acid tails at the lcatins f the duble bnds prevent tight packing Chlesterl helps t maintain a balance f fluidity

8 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are msaics f structure and functin A membrane is a cllage (msaic) f different prteins embedded in the fluid matrix f the lipid bilayer. Fr example, mre than 50 kinds f prteins have been fund in the plasma membranes f red bld cells. Prteins determine mst f the membrane s specific functins. The plasma membrane and the membranes f the varius rganelles each have unique cllectins f prteins.

9 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are msaics f structure and functin There are tw majr ppulatins f membrane prteins: integral and peripheral Integral prteins penetrate the hydrphbic interir f the lipid bilayer, ften cmpletely spanning the membrane as transmembrane prteins. (b,c,d) Integral prteins are integrated with the membrane as they are synthesized in the RER.

10 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are msaics f structure and functin There are tw majr ppulatins f membrane prteins: integral and peripheral Integral prteins penetrate the hydrphbic interir f the lipid bilayer, ften cmpletely spanning the membrane as transmembrane prteins. (b,c,d) Other integral prteins extend partway int the hydrphbic interir. (a)

11 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are msaics f structure and functin There are tw majr ppulatins f membrane prteins: integral and peripheral Integral prteins penetrate the hydrphbic interir f the lipid bilayer, ften cmpletely spanning the membrane as transmembrane prteins. (b,c,d) Other integral prteins extend partway int the hydrphbic interir. (a) The hydrphbic regins embedded in the membrane s interir cnsist f stretches f nnplar amin acids, usually ciled int -helices. The hydrphilic regins f integral prteins are in cntact with the aqueus envirnment.

12 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are msaics f structure and functin There are tw majr ppulatins f membrane prteins: integral and peripheral Integral prteins penetrate the hydrphbic interir f the lipid bilayer, usually cmpletely spanning the membrane as transmembrane prteins. (b,c,d) Other integral prteins extend partway int the hydrphbic interir. (a) Integrins are transmembrane receptrs that assist in transducing signals frm the extracellular envirnment, t the inside f the cell

13 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are msaics f structure and functin Peripheral prteins are nt embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead, peripheral prteins are lsely bund t the surface f the membrane, ften t integral prteins r fatty acid anchrs

14 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are msaics f structure and functin Peripheral prteins are nt embedded in the lipid bilayer at all. Instead, peripheral prteins are lsely bund t the surface f the membrane, ften t integral prteins r fatty acid anchrs On the cytplasmic side f the membrane, sme membrane prteins are attached t the cytskeletn. On the extracellular side f the membrane, sme membrane prteins attach t the fibers f the extracellular matrix. These attachments cmbine t give animal cells a strnger framewrk than the plasma membrane itself culd prvide

15 Membrane Structure and Functin: Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.1 Membranes are msaics f structure and functin The prteins f the plasma membrane have six majr functins: 1. Transprt f specific slutes int r ut f cells 2. Enzymatic activity, smetimes catalyzing ne f a number f steps f a metablic pathway 3. Signal transductin, relaying hrmnal messages t the cell 4. Cell-cell recgnitin, allwing ther prteins t attach tw adjacent cells tgether 5. Intercellular jining f adjacent cells with gap r tight junctins 6. Attachment t the cytskeletn and extracellular matrix, maintaining cell shape and stabilizing the lcatin f certain membrane prteins

16 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability Substances d nt mve acrss the barrier indiscriminately; membranes are selectively permeable The cell is able t take up many varieties f small mlecules and ins and exclude thers. Substances that mve thrugh the membrane d s at different rates

17 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability Mvement f a mlecule thrugh a membrane depends n the interactin f the mlecule with the hydrphbic interir f the membrane. Nnplar mlecules, such as sterids, hydrcarbns, are hydrphbic and can disslve in the lipid bilayer and crss easily, withut the assistance f membrane prteins. Small mlecules, like CO 2, and O 2, can als freely pass thrugh the plasma membrane The hydrphbic interir f the membrane impedes the direct passage f ins and plar mlecules, which are hydrphilic. An in, whether a charged atm r a mlecule, and its surrunding shell f water als have difficulty penetrating the hydrphbic interir f the membrane.

18 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability Prteins assist and regulate the transprt f ins and plar mlecules Cell membranes are permeable t specific ins and a variety f plar mlecules, which can avid cntact with the lipid prtin f the bilayer by passing thrugh transprt prteins that span the membrane. Sme transprt prteins called channel prteins have a hydrphilic channel that certain mlecules r ins can use as a tunnel thrugh the membrane.

19 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability The passage f water thrugh the membrane can be greatly facilitated by channel prteins knwn as aquaprins. Each aquaprin allws entry f as many as 3 billin (109) water mlecules per secnd, passing single file thrugh its central channel, which fits 10 at a time. Withut aquaprins, nly a tiny fractin f these water mlecules wuld pass thrugh the same area f the cell membrane in a secnd, s they greatly increase the rate f water mvement.

20 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability Transprt prteins are generally specific fr the substance that they translcate. Transprt prteins called carrier prteins bind t mlecules and change shape in rder t shuttle them acrss the membrane. These are mre cmplex than channel prteins

21 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability Transprt prteins are generally specific fr the substance that they translcate. Transprt prteins called carrier prteins bind t mlecules and change shape in rder t shuttle them acrss the membrane. These are mre cmplex than channel prteins Fr example, the glucse transprt prtein in the liver carries glucse int the cell but des nt transprt fructse, its structural ismer. The glucse transprter causes glucse t pass thrugh the membrane 50,000 times as fast as it wuld diffuse thrugh n its wn.

22 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.3 Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment Mlecules have thermal energy r heat, due t their cnstant mtin. One result f thermal mtin is diffusin, the mvement f mlecules f any substance t spread ut in the available space. The 2 nd Law f Thermdynamics explains the prperties f diffusin: Cncentrated mlecules with high kinetic energy have cnstant cllisins. Cllisins transfer thermal mtin int the mvement f clliding mlecules away frm each ther. As a result, they spread ut (diffuse), ging frm rganized t disrganized Participating mlecules g t a lwer thermal energy state as the energy is used t mve the clliding mlecules away frm each ther (2 nd Law)

23 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.3 Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment In the absence f ther frces, a substance diffuses frm where it is mre cncentrated t where it is less cncentrated, dwn its cncentratin gradient N wrk must be dne t mve substances dwn the cncentratin gradient; diffusin is a spntaneus prcess, needing n input f energy. Each substance diffuses dwn its wn cncentratin gradient, independent f the cncentratin gradients f ther substances

24 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.3 Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment The diffusin f a substance acrss a bilgical membrane is passive transprt because it requires n additin f energy frm the cell t make it happen. The cncentratin gradient itself represents ptential energy and drives diffusin Cncentrated mlecules in mtin have lts f kinetic energy! Their energy is used (thrugh cllisins) as mtin t mve away frm each ther Energy is nt lst, but used t mve mlecules t a less cncentrated area

25 Membrane Structure and Functin: Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment 7.3 Osmsis is the passive transprt f water Osmsis is the diffusin f water acrss a semipermeable membrane A semipermeable membrane allws water t pass, but nt larger mlecules (slutes) A slute is a substance disslved in anther substance (called a slvent)

26 Membrane Structure and Functin: Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment 7.3 Osmsis is the passive transprt f water Water can becme less cncentrated! The clustering f water mlecules arund hydrphilic slute mlecules makes sme f the water unavailable t participate in interactins with ther free water mlecules It is the difference in the free water cncentratin that is imprtant The additin f slute lwers the cncentratin f free water The water will diffuse frm a higher cncentratin twards the area f lwer cncentratin (side with slute)

27 Membrane Structure and Functin: Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment 7.3 Osmsis is the passive transprt f water Because smsis requires the presence f a semipermeable membrane, situatins invlving smsis will always have tw areas r sides An example wuld be the inside r utside f a cell The tw sides will either have the same r different slute cncentratins. A slutin that is higher in slute is called hypertnic A slutin that is lwer in slute is called hyptnic If bth slutins have equal slute they are called istnic Why will water always mve twards a hypertnic slutin?

28 Membrane Structure and Functin: Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment 7.3 Specific prteins facilitate the passive transprt f water and selected slutes Many plar mlecules and ins that are nrmally impeded by the lipid bilayer f the membrane diffuse passively with the help f transprt prteins that span the membrane. The passive mvement f mlecules dwn their cncentratin gradient with the help f transprt prteins is called facilitated diffusin Mst transprt prteins are very specific: They transprt sme substances but nt thers. Which f these examples are facilitated diffusin?

29 Membrane Structure and Functin: Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment 7.3 Specific prteins facilitate the passive transprt f water and selected slutes Tw types f transprt prteins facilitate the mvement f mlecules r ins acrss membranes: channel prteins and carrier prteins. Channel prteins prvide hydrphilic crridrs fr the passage f specific mlecules r ins. Fr example, water channel prteins, aquaprins, greatly facilitate the diffusin f water.

30 Membrane Structure and Functin: Passive transprt is diffusin f a substance acrss a membrane with n energy investment 7.3 Specific prteins facilitate the passive transprt f water and selected slutes Tw types f transprt prteins facilitate the mvement f mlecules r ins acrss membranes: channel prteins and carrier prteins. Channel prteins prvide hydrphilic crridrs fr the passage f specific mlecules r ins. Fr example, water channel prteins, aquaprins, greatly facilitate the diffusin f water. Carrier prteins underg a cnfrmatinal (shape) change when transprting substances Carrier prteins can participate in facilitated diffusin (passive transprt) r active transprt

31 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.4 Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients Sme transprt prteins can mve slutes acrss membranes against their cncentratin gradient, frm the side where they are less cncentrated t the side where they are mre cncentrated. Mvement against a cncentratin gradient requires input f energy and is called Active Transprt The transprt prteins that mve slutes against a cncentratin gradient are all carrier prteins, rather than channel prteins.

32 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.4 Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients This active transprt requires the cell t expend metablic energy (ATP) and enables a cell t maintain internal cncentratins f small mlecules that wuld therwise diffuse acrss the membrane. Cmpared with its surrundings, an animal cell needs a much higher cncentratin f ptassium ins and a much lwer cncentratin f sdium ins The plasma membrane helps maintain these steep gradients by pumping sdium ut f the cell and ptassium int the cell. Withut active transprt, sdium wuld flw diffuse int the cell

33 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.4 Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients ATP supplies the energy fr mst active transprt by transferring its terminal phsphate grup directly t the transprt prtein. (this is called phsphrylatin) This prcess can induce a cnfrmatinal change in the transprt prtein, translcating the bund slute acrss the membrane. The sdium-ptassium pump wrks this way in exchanging sdium ins (Na+) fr ptassium ins (K+) acrss the plasma membrane f animal cells. 1. Affinity fr Na+ is n inside

34 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.4 Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients ATP supplies the energy fr mst active transprt by transferring its terminal phsphate grup directly t the transprt prtein. (this is called phsphrylatin) This prcess can induce a cnfrmatinal change in the transprt prtein, translcating the bund slute acrss the membrane. The sdium-ptassium pump wrks this way in exchanging sdium ins (Na+) fr ptassium ins (K+) acrss the plasma membrane f animal cells. 1. Affinity fr Na+ is n inside 2. Na+ binding causes phsphrylatin (ATP)

35 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.4 Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients ATP supplies the energy fr mst active transprt by transferring its terminal phsphate grup directly t the transprt prtein. (this is called phsphrylatin) This prcess may induce a cnfrmatinal change in the transprt prtein, translcating the bund slute acrss the membrane. The sdium-ptassium pump wrks this way in exchanging sdium ins (Na+) fr ptassium ins (K+) acrss the plasma membrane f animal cells. 1. Affinity fr Na+ is n inside 2. Na+ binding causes phsphrylatin (ATP) 3. PO 4- affinity fr Na+ (shape change)

36 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.4 Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients ATP supplies the energy fr mst active transprt by transferring its terminal phsphate grup directly t the transprt prtein. (this is called phsphrylatin) This prcess may induce a cnfrmatinal change in the transprt prtein, translcating the bund slute acrss the membrane. The sdium-ptassium pump wrks this way in exchanging sdium ins (Na+) fr ptassium ins (K+) acrss the plasma membrane f animal cells. 1. Affinity fr Na+ is n inside 2. Na+ binding causes phsphrylatin (ATP) 3. PO 4- affinity fr Na+ (shape change) 4. Shape change raises K+ affinity utside K+ binding releases PO 4-!

37 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.4 Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients ATP supplies the energy fr mst active transprt by transferring its terminal phsphate grup directly t the transprt prtein. (this is called phsphrylatin) This prcess may induce a cnfrmatinal change in the transprt prtein, translcating the bund slute acrss the membrane. The sdium-ptassium pump wrks this way in exchanging sdium ins (Na+) fr ptassium ins (K+) acrss the plasma membrane f animal cells. 1. Affinity fr Na+ is n inside 2. Na+ binding causes phsphrylatin (ATP) 3. PO 4- affinity fr Na+ (shape change) 4. Shape change raises K+ affinity utside K+ binding releases PO 4-! 5. Return t nrmal: affinity fr K+ inside Affinity fr Na+ inside

38 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.4 Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients ATP supplies the energy fr mst active transprt by transferring its terminal phsphate grup directly t the transprt prtein. (this is called phsphrylatin) This prcess may induce a cnfrmatinal change in the transprt prtein, translcating the bund slute acrss the membrane. The sdium-ptassium pump wrks this way in exchanging sdium ins (Na+) fr ptassium ins (K+) acrss the plasma membrane f animal cells. 1. Affinity fr Na+ is n inside 2. Na+ binding causes phsphrylatin (ATP) 3. PO 4- affinity fr Na+ (shape change) 4. Shape change raises K+ affinity utside K+ binding releases PO 4-! 5. Return t nrmal: affinity fr K+ inside Affinity fr Na+ inside

39 Membrane Structure and Functin: Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients 7.4 Sme in pumps generate vltage acrss membranes All cells maintain a vltage acrss their plasma membranes. Vltage is electrical ptential energy resulting frm the separatin f ppsite charges. The cytplasm f a cell is negative in charge relative t the extracellular fluid because f an unequal distributin f catins and anins n the tw sides f the membrane. Much f the charge separatin is due t the actin f in pumps like the Na+ / K+ pump Because f this, the Na+ / K+ pump is called an electrgenic pump

40 Membrane Structure and Functin: Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients 7.4 Sme in pumps generate vltage acrss membranes The vltage acrss a membrane is called a membrane ptential The membrane ptential acts like a battery. Because the inside f the cell is negative cmpared with the utside, the membrane ptential favrs the passive transprt f catins int the cell and anins ut f the cell.

41 Membrane Structure and Functin: Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients 7.4 Sme in pumps generate vltage acrss membranes Tw cmbined frces (diffusin and membrane ptential), cllectively called the electrchemical gradient, drive the diffusin f ins acrss a membrane. One is a chemical frce based n an in s cncentratin gradient. The ther is an electrical frce based n the effect f the membrane ptential n the in s mvement These frces wrk tgether t mderate the passage f ins in and ut f the cell

42 Membrane Structure and Functin: Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients 7.4 In ctransprt, a membrane prtein cuples the transprt f tw slutes A single ATP-pwered pump that transprts a specific slute can indirectly drive the active transprt f several ther slutes in a mechanism called ctransprt. 1. A gradient (#1) is created thrugh active transprt

43 Membrane Structure and Functin: Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients 7.4 In ctransprt, a membrane prtein cuples the transprt f tw slutes A single ATP-pwered pump that transprts a specific slute can indirectly drive the active transprt f several ther slutes in a mechanism called ctransprt. As the slute that has been actively transprted diffuses back passively thrugh a transprt prtein, its mvement can be cupled with the active transprt f anther substance against its cncentratin (r electrchemical) gradient. 1. A gradient (#1) is created thrugh active transprt 2. Gradient #1 pwers the transprt f a secnd mlecule against its cncentratin gradient!

44 Membrane Structure and Functin: Active transprt uses energy t mve slutes against their gradients 7.4 In ctransprt, a membrane prtein cuples the transprt f tw slutes A single ATP-pwered pump that transprts a specific slute can indirectly drive the active transprt f several ther slutes in a mechanism called ctransprt. As the slute that has been actively transprted diffuses back passively thrugh a transprt prtein, its mvement can be cupled with the active transprt f anther substance against its cncentratin (r electrchemical) gradient. Plants cmmnly use the gradient f H+ generated by prtn pumps, which are nt technically part f the c-transprt prcess, but are cupled t drive the active transprt f amin acids, sugars, and ther nutrients int the cell. One specific transprt prtein cuples the diffusin f H+ and the transprt f sucrse int the cell.

45 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.5 Bulk transprt acrss the plasma membrane ccurs by excytsis and endcytsis Small slutes and water enter r leave the cell thrugh the lipid bilayer r by transprt prteins. Larger mlecules, such as plysaccharides and prteins, crss the membrane via packaging in vesicles in prcesses called excytsis and endcytsis Like active transprt, these prcesses require energy. In excytsis, a transprt vesicle budded frm the Glgi apparatus is mved by the cytskeletn t the plasma membrane. When the tw membranes cme in cntact, the bilayers fuse and spill the cntents t the utside Endcytsis is a functinal reverse f this prcess

46 Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge 7.5 Bulk transprt acrss the plasma membrane ccurs by excytsis and endcytsis Many secretry cells use excytsis t exprt prducts. Pancreatic cells secrete insulin int the bld by excytsis. Neurns use excytsis t release neurtransmitters that signal ther neurns r muscle cells. When plant cells are making walls, excytsis delivers prteins and certain carbhydrates frm Glgi vesicles t the utside f the cell.

47 Membrane Structure and Functin: Summary: Mdes f Transprt Passive Transprt Pwered by Chemical Gradient (simple diffusin) Pwered by Electrical Gradient (Membrane Ptential) N Prtein invlved Simple Diffusin Channel Prtein (n shape change) [facilitated transprt] Carrier Prtein (shape change) [facilitated transprt] These frces can act tgether r ppse each ther Active Transprt Pwered by ATP (against diffusin gradient) can be assisted by c-transprt Carrier Prtein Endcytsis r Excytsis Facilitated Diffusin is a term t describe passive transprt that is aided by prtiens

Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function

Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Functin Overview: Life at the Edge The plasma membrane separates the living cell frm its surrundings. This thin barrier, 8 nm thick, cntrls traffic int and ut f the cell.

More information

Membrane Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Functin Lecture Outline Overview: Life at the Edge The plasma membrane separates the living cell frm its surrundings. This thin barrier, 8 nm thick, cntrls traffic int

More information

CELLS TO ORGANISMS LECTURE NOTES.! BIOL1040 University of Queensland

CELLS TO ORGANISMS LECTURE NOTES.! BIOL1040 University of Queensland CELLS TO ORGANISMS LECTURE NOTES BIOL1040 University f Queensland BIOL1040 Cells t rganisms Lecture Ntes Cntents Mdule 1 Principles f Cell Functin... 2 Lecture 1: Membrane Structure and Functin 1... 2

More information

Test 3 Study Guide: Photosynthesis, Respiration, and the Cell Membrane

Test 3 Study Guide: Photosynthesis, Respiration, and the Cell Membrane Name Blck Date Test 3 Study Guide: Phtsynthesis, Respiratin, and the Cell Membrane Test Dates: December 13 (1 st and 7 th blck) and 12 (6 th blck) SOL: BIO.2d, 3d-e Related Ntes Phtsynthesis Respiratin

More information

Chem 464 Biochemistry Third Hour Exam

Chem 464 Biochemistry Third Hour Exam Name: Chem 464 Bichemistry Third Hur Exam Multiple chice (5 pints apiece): 1. Which f the fllwing statements cncerning fatty acids is crrect? A) One is the precursr f prstaglandins. B) Phsphatidic acid

More information

Cellular Neurophysiology Membrane Ionic Gradients Concentration gradients and diffusion Membrane transport:

Cellular Neurophysiology Membrane Ionic Gradients Concentration gradients and diffusion Membrane transport: Cellular Neurphysilgy Membrane Inic Gradients Fluid-msaic mdel f plasma membrane: lipid bilayer separating intracellular and extracellular fluids Biplar phsphlipids Hydrphilic head grups and hydrphbic

More information

Module 2. Chapter 4 Anatomy of the Cell

Module 2. Chapter 4 Anatomy of the Cell Mdule 2 Chapter 4 Anatmy f the Cell The Prkarytic and Eukarytic Cells Prkarytic cells and eukarytic cells Cmpsed f carbhydrates, prteins, nucleic acids, lipids Perfrm f chemical reactins Differences are

More information

Topic 1: Cell Biology (Student) Essential Idea: Eukaryotes have a much more complex cell structure that prokaryotes.

Topic 1: Cell Biology (Student) Essential Idea: Eukaryotes have a much more complex cell structure that prokaryotes. Tpic 1: Cell Bilgy (Student) 1.2 Essential Idea: Eukarytes have a much mre cmplex cell structure that prkarytes. 1.2 Intrductin t Cells i. Prkarytes have a simple cell structure withut cmpartmentalizatin.

More information

Prokaryotic cells are placed in two taxonomic domains: o Bacteria o Archaea o

Prokaryotic cells are placed in two taxonomic domains: o Bacteria o Archaea o AP Bilgy Ch. 4 Cellular Structure and Functin 4.1Cellular Level f Organizatin Cell Thery: Name Cell Size Large cells - Small cells EK 2.A.3b: Surface area- t- vlume ratis affect a bilgical system s ability

More information

Module 3. Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism. Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Metabolism Two general types of metabolic reactions: o :

Module 3. Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism. Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Metabolism Two general types of metabolic reactions: o : Mdule 3 Chapter 5 Micrbial Metablism Catablic and Anablic Reactins Metablism Tw general types f metablic reactins: : : Recall frm Chapter 2: Energy can be when bnds Energy can be when bnds Catablism Purpse

More information

MEMBRANES. Overview of membranes. The chemical components of membranes

MEMBRANES. Overview of membranes. The chemical components of membranes MEMBRANES This text is divided int seven majr sectins: Overview f membranes The chemical cmpnents f membranes Membrane structure Membranes and cmpartmentalizatin Membrane receptrs Sme receptrs invlve secnd

More information

The Cell Cycle & Cellular Division

The Cell Cycle & Cellular Division The Cell Cycle & Cellular Divisin Name: Perid: Date: I. Cell Divisin: All are derived frm preexisting cells (Cell Thery) is the prcess by which cells prduce new cells Cells grw in number, NOT in Smaller

More information

Metabolism: Oxidative Phosphorylation

Metabolism: Oxidative Phosphorylation Metablism: Oxidative Phsphrylatin Hand-ut fr the CBT versin April 2012 1. On average, hw much ATP is needed each day by ur bdy? 2. Which f the fllwing ccurs during cellular respiratin? Bisynthesis f glycgen

More information

Topic 11: Nervous System

Topic 11: Nervous System Tpic 11: Nervus System Functin: Imprtant Definitins Neurns: Stimulus: anything that causes a nerve impulse t be sent Ex: Receptrs: sense rgans that detect Impulse: change alng the neurn Effectrs: any structure

More information

INTRODUCTION TO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION TO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM INTRODUCTION TO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM What des bld d? 5. What makes this pssible? : In rder fr there t be an efficient exchange f xygen, waste and nutrients there must be a high surface area between the

More information

Lecture 9 PCL201 Drug Distribution

Lecture 9 PCL201 Drug Distribution Lecture 9 PCL201 Drug Distributin Where d drugs distribute? Drug distributin (and ptentially cncentratin) will depend n bld flw and the physichemical prperties f the chemical Lipid and water slubility

More information

Chapter 18 The Urinary System Renal Function

Chapter 18 The Urinary System Renal Function Chapter 18 The Urinary System Renal Functin Chapter Outline Functins f the Urinary System Anatmy f the Urinary System Basic Renal Exchange Prcesses Reginal Specializatin f the Renal Tubules Excretin 18.1.

More information

The Excretory System. 4 The Excretory System.notebook. May 24, 2017

The Excretory System. 4 The Excretory System.notebook. May 24, 2017 4 The Excretry System.ntebk The Excretry System OSMOREGULATION (WATER BALANCE) Mst marine invertebrates are smcnfrmers, meaning the cncentratin f slutes in their bdy fluid is equal t that f their envirnment.

More information

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules: The Molecules of Life

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules: The Molecules of Life BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 5: The Structure and Functin f Large Bilgical Mlecules: The Mlecules f Life Structure and Functin f Large Bi Mlecules: Mlecules f Life CONCEPTS: 5.1 Macrmlecules are plymers, built

More information

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 1: Intrductin 13 Anatmy and Physilgy I ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Anatmy (Greek a cutting up ) Physilgy (Greek relatinship t nature ) is always related t CORE PRINCIPLE IN A&P Structure and Functin

More information

Human Structure and Function LECTURE 1 ERIN HARRISON

Human Structure and Function LECTURE 1 ERIN HARRISON * Intrductin t Human Structure and Functin ULO1 = Structure ULO2 = Functin ULO3 = Applicatin f Knwledge TEXTBOOK: Dwnlad - Anatmical Landmarks - Directinal References - Sectinal Planes Structure = Anatmy

More information

Membrane Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

Endocrine glands secrete hormones that mediate slower, but longerlasting. Endocrine system functions more as a regulatory than a command system

Endocrine glands secrete hormones that mediate slower, but longerlasting. Endocrine system functions more as a regulatory than a command system The Endcrine System 1 Tpics Types f cell signalling Fur types f cell signalling (majr) Fur types f hrmnes (majr) Types f hrmnes Hrmne receptrs Majr endcrine glands Majr hrmnes The hypthalamus and pituitary

More information

Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes

Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes Reading Assignments Read Chapter 11 Membrane Structure Review Chapter 21 pages 709-717 717 (Animal( Cell Adhesion) Review Chapter 12 Membrane Transport Review Chapter

More information

Sugar Rush: The Science of Sweet

Sugar Rush: The Science of Sweet Sugar Rush: The Science f Sweet FRAMEWORK I. Scientific and Engineering Practices II. Crss-Cutting Cncepts III. Physical Sciences SKILLS/OBJECTIVES T bserve the results f hands-n experiments and make inferences/draw

More information

Name: Date: Period: Notes: The Blood and Lymphatic System

Name: Date: Period: Notes: The Blood and Lymphatic System Name: Date: Perid: Cmpsitin f Bld and their Functins Red Bld Cells (aka ) Structure Ntes: The Bld and Lymphatic System D nt have a like ther cells d Cntain a specialized prtein called Hemglbin cntains

More information

Lecture Series 5 Cellular Membranes

Lecture Series 5 Cellular Membranes Lecture Series 5 Cellular Membranes Cellular Membranes A. Membrane Composition and Structure B. Animal Cell Adhesion C. Passive Processes of Membrane Transport D. Active Transport E. Endocytosis and Exocytosis

More information

A. Membrane Composition and Structure. B. Animal Cell Adhesion. C. Passive Processes of Membrane Transport. D. Active Transport

A. Membrane Composition and Structure. B. Animal Cell Adhesion. C. Passive Processes of Membrane Transport. D. Active Transport Cellular Membranes A. Membrane Composition and Structure Lecture Series 5 Cellular Membranes B. Animal Cell Adhesion E. Endocytosis and Exocytosis A. Membrane Composition and Structure The Fluid Mosaic

More information

Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins.

Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins. Study Guide e Plasma Membrane You should be able to write out the definitions to each of the following terms in your own words: plasma membrane fluid mosaic integral proteins peripheral proteins receptor

More information

VITAPRO. Detoxification properties of Apple pectin formulation, PROPECTIN. CENTRE D ETUDE ET DE VALORISATION DES ALGUES FINAL REPORT.

VITAPRO. Detoxification properties of Apple pectin formulation, PROPECTIN. CENTRE D ETUDE ET DE VALORISATION DES ALGUES FINAL REPORT. CENTRE D ETUDE & DE VALORISATION DES ALGUES 2400 Detxificatin prperties f Apple pectin frmulatin, PROPECTIN. VITAPRO FINAL REPORT PrPectin July 2015 CENTRE D ETUDE ET DE VALORISATION DES ALGUES PRESQU

More information

Intestinal Hormones Inhibit: Intestinal Hormones Promote:

Intestinal Hormones Inhibit: Intestinal Hormones Promote: 1 QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 3 INTESTINAL PHASE OF DIGESTION DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CHAPTER 21 I. INTESTINAL PHASE AND FEEDBACK SIGNALS a. Intr Net result f gastric phase is Digestin f prteins in the stmach

More information

Biology 12 Review sheet Urinary and Reproductive Systems ANSWERS

Biology 12 Review sheet Urinary and Reproductive Systems ANSWERS Bilgy 12 Review sheet Urinary and Reprductive Systems ANSWERS 1. What is the main excretry rgan? Kidneys 2. What are the functins f the kidney? helps maintain hmestasis thrugh regulatin f H 2O and ins

More information

2N diploid cell replicates division - two daughter cells, each 2N division (without replication)- four daughter cells, each N (haploid)

2N diploid cell replicates division - two daughter cells, each 2N division (without replication)- four daughter cells, each N (haploid) Chrmsme - a linear DNA mlecule Hmlgus chrmsmes - chrmsmes that have the same kind f genes in the same rder 1 cpy frm father, 1 cpy frm mther humans have 46 chrmsmes with 23 hmlgus pairs als knw as sister

More information

Chapter 3 Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations

Chapter 3 Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations Chapter 3 Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizatins We begin this chapter by lking at hw peple perceive themselves, that is, their selfcncept. The Self-Cncept refers t an individual s self-beliefs

More information

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 12: The Cell Cycle: The Key Roles of Cell Division

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 12: The Cell Cycle: The Key Roles of Cell Division BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 12: The Cell Cycle: The Key Rles f Cell Divisin The Key Rles f Cell Divisin CONCEPTS: 12.1 Mst cell divisin results in genetically identical daughter cells 12.2 The mittic phase alternates

More information

Swindon Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Bulletin

Swindon Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Bulletin Swindn Jint Strategic Needs Assessment Bulletin Swindn Diabetes 2017 Key Pints: This JSNA gives health facts abut peple with diabetes r peple wh might get diabetes in Swindn. This helps us t plan fr medical

More information

Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins

Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Lipids: Non-polar substances such as fat that contain C, H, O. Phospholipids: Lipid with phosphate group, very abundant in plasma

More information

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Khaleel Alyahya, PhD, MEd King Saud University School of

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Khaleel Alyahya, PhD, MEd King Saud University School of CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Khaleel Alyahya, PhD, MEd King Saud University Schl f Medicine @khaleelya OBJECTIVES At the end f the lecture, students shuld be able t: Identify the cmpnents f the cardivascular

More information

Cnsideratin fr Optimizatin: Optimizatin is a prgram transfrmatin technique, which tries t imprve the cde by making it cnsume fewer resurces (i.e. CPU, Memry) and deliver high speed. In ptimizatin, high-level

More information

BROCKTON AREA MULTI-SERVICES, INC. MEDICAL PROCEDURE GUIDE. Date(s) Reviewed/Revised:

BROCKTON AREA MULTI-SERVICES, INC. MEDICAL PROCEDURE GUIDE. Date(s) Reviewed/Revised: Page 1 f 6 Subject: Range f Mtin Exercises Date Develped: 4/2010 PROTOCOL FOR: All trained staff PURPOSE: Range f Mtin (ROM) exercises are very imprtant if an individual has t stay in bed r in a wheelchair.

More information

Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes. Reading Assignments. Selective and Semi-permeable Barriers

Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes. Reading Assignments. Selective and Semi-permeable Barriers Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes Reading Assignments Read Chapter 11 Membrane Structure Review Chapter 12 Membrane Transport Review Chapter 15 regarding Endocytosis and Exocytosis Read Chapter 20 (Cell

More information

Part 5. Trienoic Fatty Acids

Part 5. Trienoic Fatty Acids MASS SPECTRA OF METHYL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Part 5. Trienic Fatty Acids As cautined in the Intrductin t these dcuments, the mass spectra f methyl esters btained under electrn-impact inizatin affrd limited

More information

1.6. Topic 1: Cell Biology (Teacher) Essential Idea: Cell division is essential but must be controlled. 1.6 Cell Division

1.6. Topic 1: Cell Biology (Teacher) Essential Idea: Cell division is essential but must be controlled. 1.6 Cell Division Tpic 1: Cell Bilgy (Teacher) 1.6 Essential Idea: Cell divisin is essential but must be cntrlled. 1.6 Cell Divisin Why d cells divide: - Sa:Vl Rati - Allws fr grwth f the rganism - Allws fr cell differentiatin

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiratin: Harvesting Chemical Energy Lecture Outline Overview: Life Is Wrk T perfrm their many tasks, living cells require energy frm utside surces. Energy enters mst ecsystems as

More information

Membrane Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

Chapter 26: The Urinary System. An Overview of the Urinary System, p The Kidneys, p. 952

Chapter 26: The Urinary System. An Overview of the Urinary System, p The Kidneys, p. 952 Chapter 26: The Urinary System An Overview f the Urinary System, p. 952 Objective 1. Identify the cmpnents f the urinary system and describe the functins it perfrms. Figure 26-1 The urinary system has

More information

Mitosis and Meiosis Lecture Notes

Mitosis and Meiosis Lecture Notes Bilgy Mitsis and Meisis Lecture Ntes Name Per Learning Gals Quiz #6: December 6th Describe what happens during interphase Identify steps f mitsis/meisis by picture and functin Explain the diseases that

More information

AP Biology Immune System. Pathogens: agents that cause disease Immunity: the ability to avoid disease when invaded by a pathogen

AP Biology Immune System. Pathogens: agents that cause disease Immunity: the ability to avoid disease when invaded by a pathogen AP Bilgy Pathgens: agents that cause disease Immunity: the ability t avid disease when invaded by a pathgen Innate Immunity: nnspecific First line f defense Barriers such as skin Hard fr bacteria t penetrate

More information

How to search the PDB

How to search the PDB Hw t search the PDB email us: pdbhelp@ebi.ac.uk The searchbx n the PDBe hmepage allws yu t switch between searching and dwnlading data frm the PDB and the EMDB archive The search bx n the PDBe website

More information

Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes

Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes Reading Assignments Read Chapter 11 Membrane Structure Review Chapter 12 Membrane Transport Review Chapter 15 regarding Endocytosis and Exocytosis Read Chapter 20 (Cell

More information

Part 3. Dienoic Fatty Acids

Part 3. Dienoic Fatty Acids MASS SPECTRA OF 3-PYRIDYLCARBIOL ESTERS Part 3. Dienic Fatty Acids This sectin describes mass spectra f 3-pyridylcarbinl ester derivatives under the headings Methylene-interrupted dienic fatty acids Cnjugated

More information

Understanding Your Total-Cholesterol-to-HDL Ratio

Understanding Your Total-Cholesterol-to-HDL Ratio Understanding Yur Ttal-Chlesterl-t-HDL Rati Yur ttal-chlesterl-t-hdl rati is measured during a bld test called a lipid prfile. This wrksheet will help yu learn mre abut this rati. It will als help yu:

More information

FOUNDATIONS OF DECISION-MAKING...

FOUNDATIONS OF DECISION-MAKING... Table f Cntents FOUNDATIONS OF DECISION-MAKING... Errr! Bkmark nt Describe the decisin-making prcess pp.62-66... Errr! Bkmark nt Explain the three appraches managers can use t make decisins pp.67-70 Errr!

More information

3. DIGESITION. Absorption. Digestion. Process of digestion

3. DIGESITION. Absorption. Digestion. Process of digestion 3. DIGESITION T incrprate the nutrients cntained in the ingested material, the rganisms have t reduce the size f the particles and the cmplex nutrients have t be cnverted t sugars, fatty acids, amin acids

More information

3. DIGESITION. Absorption. Digestion. Process of digestion

3. DIGESITION. Absorption. Digestion. Process of digestion 3. DIGESITION T incrprate the nutrients cntained in the ingested material, the rganisms have t reduce the size f the particles and the cmplex nutrients have t be cnverted t sugars, fatty acids, amin acids

More information

PILI Lifestyle Program Facilitator s Guide

PILI Lifestyle Program Facilitator s Guide Update: Octber 13, 2006 Page 1 f 12 PILI Lifestyle Prgram Facilitatr s Guide Sessin 3: Lwering Fat & Getting a Mve n Questin/Tpic Script Reminder/Activity Page Welcme back! Alha and welcme t the third

More information

The demonstration of lysosomes by the controlled temperature freezing-sectioning method By LUCILLE BITENSKY

The demonstration of lysosomes by the controlled temperature freezing-sectioning method By LUCILLE BITENSKY 205 The demnstratin f lyssmes by the cntrlled temperature freezing-sectining methd By LUCILLE BITESKY (Frm the Department f Pathlgy, Ryal Cllege f Surgens f England, Lincln's Inn Fields, Lndn, W.C. 2)

More information

MEMBRANE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

MEMBRANE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION MEMBRANE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 8 KEY CONCEPTS Cellular s are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Membrane structure results in selective permeability Passive transport is diffusion of a substance

More information

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles: Variations on a Theme

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles: Variations on a Theme BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 13: Meisis and Sexual Life Cycles: Variatins n a Theme Meisis and Sexual Life Cycles: Variatins n a Theme CONCEPTS: 13.1 Offspring acquire genes frm their parents by inheriting chrmsmes

More information

Boundary Lipid bilayer Selectively Permeable Fluid mosaic of lipids and proteins Contains embedded proteins

Boundary Lipid bilayer Selectively Permeable Fluid mosaic of lipids and proteins Contains embedded proteins 1 Boundary Lipid bilayer Selectively Permeable Fluid mosaic of lipids and proteins Contains embedded proteins 2 Phosphate head hydrophilic Fatty acid tails hydrophobic Amphipathic Phosphate attracted to

More information

Biology 30S Unit Test Review: Digestion

Biology 30S Unit Test Review: Digestion Bilgy 30S Unit Test Review: Digestin Test utline: Multiple Chice: 10 Questins, 1 mark each. Shrt Answer: 5 Questins (answer 3 f them), 5 marks each. Lng Answer: 2 Lng Answer Questins, 10 marks each. Tasks

More information

Risk factors in health and disease

Risk factors in health and disease Risk factrs in health and disease Index 1 Intrductin 2 Types f risk factrs 2.1 Behaviural risk factrs 2.2 Psychlgical risk factrs 2.3 Demgraphic risk factrs 2.4 Envirnmental risk factrs 2.5 Genetic risk

More information

Lecture 7: Transporters and Targets of Drug Action

Lecture 7: Transporters and Targets of Drug Action Lecture 7: Transprters and Targets f Drug Actin Receptrs, whether intrpic (e.g. AMPA) r metabtrpic (e.g. mglur), are passive. Intrpic channels bind a ligand/are affected by vltage changes and then pen

More information

Ch. 7 Cell Membrane BIOL 222

Ch. 7 Cell Membrane BIOL 222 Ch. 7 Cell Membrane BIOL 222 Overview: Plasma Membrane Plasma membrane boundary that separates the living cell from its surroundings Selec4ve permeability Allowance of some substances to cross more easily

More information

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance: Locating Genes Along Chromosomes

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance: Locating Genes Along Chromosomes BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 15: The Chrmsmal Basis f Inheritance: Lcating Genes Alng Chrmsmes Lcating Genes Alng the Chrmsme CONCEPTS: 15.2 Sex-linked genes exhibit unique patterns f inheritance 15.3 Linked genes

More information

Understanding and Recognizing Anxiety

Understanding and Recognizing Anxiety Understanding and Recgnizing Anxiety Mst peple d nt recgnize their anxiety fr what it is, and instead think there is smething mre serius ging n. Myth: Reading, thinking, and learning abut anxiety will

More information

Ch7: Membrane Structure & Function

Ch7: Membrane Structure & Function Ch7: Membrane Structure & Function History 1915 RBC membranes studied found proteins and lipids 1935 membrane mostly phospholipids 2 layers 1950 electron microscopes supported bilayer idea (Sandwich model)

More information

* Manuscript received August 25, t Horticultural Research Section, CSIRO, Glen Osmond, South Australia.

* Manuscript received August 25, t Horticultural Research Section, CSIRO, Glen Osmond, South Australia. SUCROSE BREAKDOWN AND SYNTHESIS IN THE RIPENING GRAPE BERRY* By P. J. HARDyt Sucrse is the majr translcated sugar in the grapevine (Swansn and EIShishiny 1958), but in the berry glucse and fructse tgether

More information

BIOLOGY. Membrane Structure and Function CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson

BIOLOGY. Membrane Structure and Function CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 7 Membrane Structure and Function Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Life at the Edge The plasma

More information

Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function

Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function Concept 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins 1. Phospholipids are amphipathic. Explain what this means. Name Period Amphipathic means

More information

Can exert forces from a fraction of an ounce to > 70 lbs

Can exert forces from a fraction of an ounce to > 70 lbs Anatmy & Physilgy Chapter 9 Ntes: Muscles and Muscle Tissue Name Muscle Cell = My / Mys = Sarc = Muscle Cell Plasma Membrane = Muscle Celly Cytplasm = Three types f muscle tissue: 1. 2. 3. Skeletal Muscle

More information

Membrane Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

CHAPTER 8 MEMBRANE STUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CHAPTER 8 MEMBRANE STUCTURE AND FUNCTION CHAPTER 8 MEMBRANE STUCTURE AND FUNCTION Plasma Membrane Plasma membrane is selectively permeable, (allowing some substances to cross more easily than others) PM is flexible bends and changes shape

More information

The Digestive System. May 16, The Digestive System.notebook

The Digestive System. May 16, The Digestive System.notebook 3 The Digestive System.ntebk The Digestive System THE BASIC CONCEPTS Animals btain energy by breaking fd mlecules int smaller pieces. The basic fuel mlecules are amin acids, lipids and carbhydrates. The

More information

1A Human Biology Food, Digestion and Associated Body Systems

1A Human Biology Food, Digestion and Associated Body Systems 1A Human Bilgy Fd, Digestin and Assciated Bdy Systems Human Bilgy Fd, Digestin and Assciated Bdy Systems Fd Fd is ne f the basic human needs and the digestive system enables the bdy t cnvert it int a frm

More information

Membrane Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function

More information

Module 7. Chapter 12 The Eyukaryotes. Fungi : the study of fungi Fungi important in food chain o dead matter o Recycle Used for, produce food,

Module 7. Chapter 12 The Eyukaryotes. Fungi : the study of fungi Fungi important in food chain o dead matter o Recycle Used for, produce food, Mdule 7 Chapter 12 The Eyukarytes Fungi : the study f fungi Fungi imprtant in fd chain dead matter Recycle Used fr, prduce fd, Mst are r anaerbes Few anaerbes knwn Characteristics f fungi Multicellular

More information

Chapter 20 The Heart

Chapter 20 The Heart Chapter 20 The Heart ANATOMY OF THE HEART The adult heart is apprximately the size f. The heart is lcated in the cavity, between. Base is directed, and the apex is directed. The membrane surrunding and

More information

Chapter 4 Skeleton Notes: Membrane Structure & Function

Chapter 4 Skeleton Notes: Membrane Structure & Function Chapter 4 Skeleton Notes: Membrane Structure & Function Overview/Objectives 4.1 Plasma Membrane Structure & Function o Structure and Function of the PM o Major functions of proteins 4.2- Permeability of

More information

Anemia. There are three types of Anemia that effect EB patients. They are Iron Deficiency, Chronic Inflammatory and Nutritional.

Anemia. There are three types of Anemia that effect EB patients. They are Iron Deficiency, Chronic Inflammatory and Nutritional. Anemia Mst patients with Recessive Dystrphic Epidermlysis Bullsa are als Anemic. Anemia in EB is caused by many factrs and can becme very severe if nt treated. Anemia means nt having enugh red cells and

More information

Part 3. Monoenoic Fatty Acids

Part 3. Monoenoic Fatty Acids MASS SPECTRA OF METHYL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Part 3. Mnenic Fatty Acids As cautined in the Intrductin t these dcuments, the mass spectra f methyl esters btained with electrn-impact inizatin ften affrd

More information

3. DIGESTION DIGESTION ABSORPTION DIGESTION. Refers to the process of breaking down large nutrient particles into their basic components

3. DIGESTION DIGESTION ABSORPTION DIGESTION. Refers to the process of breaking down large nutrient particles into their basic components 3. DIGESTION T incrprate nutrients cntained in fds, rganisms have t be able t reduce particles size t sugars, fatty acids, amin acids r small peptides (Fig. 3-1). This prcess is called digestin. Once the

More information

Membrane Structure and Function. Selectively permeable membranes are key to the cell's ability to function

Membrane Structure and Function. Selectively permeable membranes are key to the cell's ability to function Membrane Structure and Function Selectively permeable membranes are key to the cell's ability to function Amphipathic Molecules Have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions Phospholipids have hydrophilic

More information

Materials Dissecting pan, dissecting kit, safety glasses, lab apron, pig heart, & gloves

Materials Dissecting pan, dissecting kit, safety glasses, lab apron, pig heart, & gloves Heart Dissectin Intrductin Mammals have fur-chambered hearts and duble circulatin. The heart f a bird r mammal has tw atria and tw cmpletely separated ventricles. The dublelp circulatin is similar t amphibians

More information

UNIT (11) MOLECULES OF LIFE: LIPIDS AND PROTEINS

UNIT (11) MOLECULES OF LIFE: LIPIDS AND PROTEINS UIT (11) MLEULES F LIFE: LIPIDS AD PTEIS 11.1 Types f Lipids Lipids are als bichemical cmpunds that cntain carbn, hydrgen, and xygen. But lipids, unlike carbhydrates, share n cmmn structural features.

More information

Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions

Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions Chapter 21: Carbxylic Acid Derivatives: Nuclephilic Acyl Substitutin Reactins 21.1 Naming Carbxylic Acid Derivatives Naming Acid Halides, RCOX Naming Acid Anhydrides, RCO 2COR Naming Esters, RCO 2R 1.

More information

EDPS 475: Instructional Objectives for Midterm Exam Behaviorism

EDPS 475: Instructional Objectives for Midterm Exam Behaviorism EDPS 475: Instructinal Objectives fr Midterm Exam Behavirism 1. Given a nvel example t chse frm, identify the characteristics f classical cnditining. General mdel: Stimulus (S) elicits >Respnse (R) Based

More information

PILI Lifestyle Program Facilitator s Guide

PILI Lifestyle Program Facilitator s Guide PILI Lifestyle Prgram Facilitatr s Guide Sessin 5 Tip the Calrie Balance / Healthy Eating n a Budget" Questin/Tpic Script Reminder/Activity Page Welcme! Alha and welcme back t the fifth lessn f the PILI

More information

Membrane Structure and Function. Cell Membranes and Cell Transport

Membrane Structure and Function. Cell Membranes and Cell Transport Membrane Structure and Function Cell Membranes and Cell Transport 1895 1917 1925 Membrane models Membranes are made of lipids Phospholipids can form membranes Its actually 2 layers - there are proteins

More information

OHlympia: becoming the PRODIGY. A Special Thanks to Cary K for giving me the opportunity to do this!

OHlympia: becoming the PRODIGY. A Special Thanks to Cary K for giving me the opportunity to do this! OHlympia: becming the PRODIGY A Special Thanks t Cary K fr giving me the pprtunity t d this! Prdigy defined by Webster is a nun described as a persn f unusual talent r marvelus talents, r anything that

More information

Membrane Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 7 Objectives Define the following terms: amphipathic molecules, aquaporins, diffusion Distinguish between the following pairs or sets of terms: peripheral and integral

More information

Membrane Structure and Membrane Transport of Small Molecules. Assist. Prof. Pinar Tulay Faculty of Medicine

Membrane Structure and Membrane Transport of Small Molecules. Assist. Prof. Pinar Tulay Faculty of Medicine Membrane Structure and Membrane Transport of Small Molecules Assist. Prof. Pinar Tulay Faculty of Medicine Introduction Cell membranes define compartments of different compositions. Membranes are composed

More information

Membrane Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function

More information

Outline. Membrane Structure and Function. Membrane Models Fluid-Mosaic. Chapter 5

Outline. Membrane Structure and Function. Membrane Models Fluid-Mosaic. Chapter 5 Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 5 Membrane Models Fluid-Mosaic Outline Plasma Membrane Structure and Function Protein Functions Plasma Membrane Permeability! Diffusion! Osmosis! Transport Via Carrier

More information

Part 1. Saturated and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids

Part 1. Saturated and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Mass spectra f DMX derivatives. Part 1. Saturated and branched-chain fatty acids MASS SPECTRA F DMX DERIVATIVES Part 1. Saturated and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids a 4,4-Dimethylxazline (DMX) derivatives

More information

Membrane Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function

More information

AP Biology Lab 12: Introduction to the Scientific Method and Animal Behavior

AP Biology Lab 12: Introduction to the Scientific Method and Animal Behavior Name: AP Bilgy Lab 12: Intrductin t the Scientific Methd and Animal Behavir Overview In this lab yu will: -Observe an rganism and design an experiment t investigate their respnses t envirnmental variables.

More information

b. Responses/Reflexes Food bulk stretches the fundus of stomach, activating mechanoreceptors GI peptides activate chemoreceptor s o o o

b. Responses/Reflexes Food bulk stretches the fundus of stomach, activating mechanoreceptors GI peptides activate chemoreceptor s o o o QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 2 GASTRIC PHASE OF DIGESTION DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CHAPTER 21 I. ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM a. Defined and Crrelatin with Shrt Reflexes Fund in walls f LUMEN Invlved in shrt reflexes

More information

Chapter 7: Membrane Structure & Function

Chapter 7: Membrane Structure & Function Chapter 7: Membrane Structure & Function 1. Membrane Structure 2. Transport Across Membranes 1. Membrane Structure Chapter Reading pp. 125-129 What are Biological Membranes? Hydrophilic head WATER They

More information