Midterm 2. Low: 14 Mean: 61.3 High: 98. Standard Deviation: 17.7
|
|
- Jerome Blake
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Midterm 2 Low: 14 Mean: 61.3 High: 98 Standard Deviation: 17.7
2 Lecture 17 Amino Acid Metabolism Review of Urea Cycle N and S assimilation Last cofactors: THF and SAM Synthesis of few amino acids
3 Dietary (Exogenous) Proteins Hydrolyzed in digestive system (~100 g/day) Replenish endogenous amino acids (muscle protein) Replenish glycogen stores (glucogenic amino acids) Excess intake to ATP production and lipid synthesis) Excess nitrogen is excreted (urea, ammonia) Nitrogen balance is typically zero
4 Endogenous Proteins A. Normal Protein Turnover ( g/day) Digestive enzymes (pancreas: >30 g/day) Plasma proteins Cell death (e.g., intestinal mucosa, immune system) Intracellular turnover (damaged proteins, enzyme regulation) B. Mobilization of Skeletal Muscle Protein Fasting, exercise, trauma, injury Gluconeogenesis Malnutrition (diets deficient in essential amino acids)
5
6 Amino Acids C-Skeletons NADH α-kga AA NADH Glu Dehydrogenase Asp Aminotransferase NAD + Glu NAD + NH + 4 Asp Malate Urea Cycle Fumarate H 2 N C NH 2 HC 3 - Review
7 Carbamoyl-P Synthetase NH 3 + HC ATP Carbamoyl amoyl-p + 2ADP + Pi Carbamoyl amoyl-p H 2 N-Asp rnithine Urea Cycle Fumarate Malate AA H 2 N C NHNH 2 Mitochondria and Cytosol Review
8 Skeletal Muscle Intracellular Proteolysis Amino Acids Amino Acid x Aminotransferases + α-kga α-keto Acid x + Glu Ala Aminotransferase Glu + Pyr α-kga + Ala To Liver
9 Skeletal Muscle Intracellular Proteolysis Amino Acids Amino Acid x Aminotransferases + α-kga α-keto Acid x + Glu Glu Dehydrogenase Glu + NAD + + H 2 α-kga + NADH + NH 3 Glutamine Synthetase NH 3 + Glu + ATP ADP + Pi + Gln To Liver To Kidneys
10 Liver Ala Aminotransferase Ala + α-kga Glu + Pyr Glucose Glutaminase NH 3 or Asp Gln + H 2 Glu + NH 3 Urea Kidneys Glutaminase Gln + H 2 Glu + NH 3 Urine
11 Muscles (other extrahepatic organs) B L D Ala Gln In conditions of metabolic acidosis Liver Urea Kidneys NH 3 HC - 3 Urea
12 The Cori and Alanine Cycle Glycogen Glucose Pyruvate Proteins Muscle Lactate Alanine Blood Liver Lactate Alanine Glycogen Glucose Pyruvate Urea p. 89
13 Degradation of Amino Acids: Fate of C-Skeletons Glucogenic Amino Acids: C-skeletons are converted to Pyruvate α-ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA Fumarate xaloacetate (AA) Ketogenic Amino Acids: C-skeletons are converted to Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetate p. 90
14 Glucose Pyruvate Glucogenic Acetyl-CoA Ketogenic Lipids Ketone Bodies xalaoacetate Citrate Malate TCA Cycle Isocitrate Fumarate α-ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA
15 Amino Acids Common Degradation Product nly glucogenic Ala, Cys, Gly, Ser, Thr Asp, Asn Met, Thr (humans), Val Arg, Glu, Gln, His, Pro Pyruvate AA Succinyl-CoA α-ketoglutarate nly ketogenic Leu, Lys Acetoacetate Ketogenic and glucogenic Phe, Tyr Trp Ile Fumarate, Acetoacetate Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA Succinyl-CoA CoA, Acetyl-CoA p. 90
16 Nitrogen and Sulfur Assimilation (Amino Acid Synthesis)
17 Nitrogen and Sulfur Assimilation (Amino Acid Biosynthesis) LIGHT 2 ATP NADPH C 2 N 3-, N 2 S 2-4 Photosynthesis NADP + ADP + Pi H 2 Carbohydrates Amino Acids p. 91
18 Bioenergetics of Macronutrient Assimilation Electronegativity Assimilation (3.4) N (3.0) S (2.6) C (2.6) - N 3 2- S 4 C 2 NAD(P)H NAD(P)H + ATP NAD(P)H + ATP NH 3 H 2 S CH Photosynthesis H (2.2) H 2 (H 2 ) P (2.1) P 4 3- PH 3
19 Nitrate Assimiliation and Nitrogen Fixation A. Most Microorganisms, Fungi, and Plants Nitrate Reductase N NADH + H + N NAD + + H 2 Nitrite Reductase N Fd red + 8 H + NH H Fd ox B. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (Microorganisms) Nitrogenase N 2 + 8e H ATP + 16 H 2 2 NH ADP + 16 Pi + H 2 p. 91
20 Assimilation of Ammonia A. Major Pathway for Ammonia Net Assimilation (M, Fungi, Plants) Glutamine Synthetase (GS) NH 3 + Glu + ATP Gln + ADP + Pi Glutamate Synthase Gln + α-kga + NAD(P)H + H + 2 Glu + NAD(P) + Glutamate Aminotransferase (also present in animals) Glu + α-keto Acid α-kga + L-α-Amino Acid Glutamine Amidotransferase (also present in animals) Gln + R-H or R 1 -(C=)-R 2 Glu + R-NH 2 or R 1 -(C=NH)-R 2 p. 92
21 Assimilation of Ammonia B. Assimilation of Ammonia (no Net) via Carbamoyl-P P Synthesis (Urea Cycle) Carbamoyl-P synthetase I (Mitochondria) NH 3 + HC ATP Carbamoyl-P + 2 ADP + Pi p. 92
22 Assimilation of Ammonia A. Major Pathway for Ammonia Net Assimilation (M, Fungi, Plants) Glutamine Synthetase (GS) NH 3 + Glu + ATP Gln + ADP + Pi Glutamate Synthase Gln + α-kga + NAD(P)H + H + 2 Glu + NAD(P) + Glutamate Aminotransferase (also present in animals) Glu + α-keto Acid α-kga + L-α-Amino Acid Glutamine Amidotransferase (also present in animals) Gln + R-H or R 1 -(C=)-R 2 Glu + R-NH 2 or R 1 -(C=NH)-R 2 p. 92
23
24 Multi-level Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) Allosteric Regulation NH 3 + ATP ADP + Pi (-) Gly (-) Ala Glutamate Glutamine Synthetase (-) Glutamine AMP, CTP, His, Trp Carbamoyl-P Glucosamine-6-P p. 93
25 Covalent Modification and Allosteric Regulation (+) α-kga (+) ATP UT ( ) Gln Uridylylation UTP De-uridylylation AT P UMP De-adenylylation ATP Adenylylation Active GS AMP Inactive p. 93
26 The Nitogen Cycle p. 94
27 Sulfur Assimilation S 4 2- S P H H H H H H Adenosine monophosphate sulfate (APS) Adenine carrier AMP carrier-s-s 3-6 Reduced Ferredoxin 6 xidized Ferredoxin 2Fdox 2Fdred HS CH 2 CH C H carrier-s-s - NH 2 Cysteine Acetate H 3 C C CH 2 CH C H H NH 2 -acetyl serine p. 95
28 Sulfur Assimilation 2 Cysteine Acetate H 3 C C CH 2 CH C H H NH 2 -acetyl serine Pi CH 2 C C H 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PGA) H NAD + CoA NADH + H + Acetyl CoA Pi CH 2 C C H Glu Pi αkg CH 2 CH NH 2 C H H 2 Pi H CH 2 CH NH 2 C H Hydroxy-P-pyruvate -phospho-serine Serine p. 95
29 New Co-factor of Carbon Transfer Coenzyme A Acetyl- and acyl- groups TPP C2-aldehyde/keto groups Biotin Activated C 2 Tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) C1 groups of different oxidation states
30 Folic Acid and Tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) FLIC ACID H 2 N HN N N 8 5 N H CH 2 N H C - HN C CH CH2 CH 2 C - Pteridine ring (6-methyl pterin) p-amino benzoic acid Glutamate p. 96
31 Folic Acid NADPH + H+ NAD+ 7,8-Dihydrofolic Acid (DHF) Dihydrofolate reductase NADPH + H+ NADP+ H 2 N HN N H N H 6 9 NH H H CH 2 10 N H REST 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic Acid (THF) THF is a carrier of C1 units at different oxidation states p. 96
32 N 10 formyl THF N 5 N 10 methenyl THF N 5 N 10 methylene THF ATP ADP + Pi 6 9 NADPH + H + NADP + HC - HN 5 10 N CH H 2 N 5 10 C H N N 5 10 C H 2 N 6 9 HN 5 10 NH NADPH + H + Ser PLP H 2 NADP + Gly N 5 10 NH CH 2 H N 5 10 NH unstable CH 3 N 5 methyl THF p. 97
33 Tetrahydrofolate (THF) Carrier of C-1 units of different oxidation state N 10 -Formyl ( CH) N 5,N 10 -Methenyl ( CH=) N 5 -Methyl ( CH 3 ) N 5,N 10 -Methylene ( CH 2 ) C-1 units are derived from glycolysis 3-Phosphoglycerate Ser Ser Gly + N 5,N 10 -Methylene-THF + H 2 Gly NH 3 + C 2 + N 5,N 10 -Methylene-THF Met biosynthesis (N 5 -Methyl-THF; bacteria, fungi, plants) S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) production Purine biosynthesis (N 10 -Formyl-THF)
34 A. Bacteria, Fungi, and Plants Synthesis of Sulfur-containing Amino Acids 3PGA THF N 5, N 10 Methylene THF Serine Glycine H + + NADH NAD + Acetyl-CoA THF N 5, N 10 Methylene THF N 5 Methyl THF THF CoA Cleavage Site S -Acetyl-serine S CH 2 S CH 2 CH 2 H C NH 3 H C NH 3 C SH C Cysteine Homoserine (-Phosphate) (-Acetyl) (-Succinyl) Cystathionine Succinate (or Acetate, or Pi) Homocysteine Methionine Vit. B 12 NH Pyruvate Aspartate AA p. 98
Midterm 2 Results. Standard Deviation:
Midterm 2 Results High: Low: Mean: Standard Deviation: 97.5% 16% 58% 16.3 Lecture 17 Amino Acid Metabolism Urea Cycle N and S assimilation Last cofactors: THF and SAM Dietary (Exogenous) Proteins Hydrolyzed
More informationNitrogen Metabolism. Overview
Nitrogen Metabolism Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Overview Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid biosynthesis Nonessential aa Essential aa Nucleotide biosynthesis Amino Acid Catabolism Urea Cycle Juicy Steak
More informationWelcome to Class 14! Class 14: Outline and Objectives. Overview of amino acid catabolism! Introductory Biochemistry!
Welcome to Class 14 Introductory Biochemistry Class 14: Outline and Objectives Amino Acid Catabolism Fates of amino groups transamination urea cycle Fates of carbon skeletons important cofactors metabolic
More informationAMINO ACID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
AMINO ACID METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI Amino acids derived from dietary protein absorbed from intestine through blood taken up by tissues used for biosynthesis
More informationNitrogen Metabolism. Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18
Nitrogen Metabolism Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Overview Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid biosynthesis Nonessential aa Essential aa Nucleotide biosynthesis Amino Acid Catabolism Urea Cycle Juicy Steak
More informationCH395G FINAL (3 rd ) EXAM Kitto/Hackert - Fall 2003
CH395G FINAL (3 rd ) EXAM Kitto/Hackert - Fall 2003 1. A cell in an active, catabolic state has a. a high (ATP/ADP) and a high (NADH/NAD + ) ratio b. a high (ATP/ADP) and a low (NADH/NAD + ) ratio c. a
More informationMetabolism of amino acids. Vladimíra Kvasnicová
Metabolism of amino acids Vladimíra Kvasnicová Classification of proteinogenic AAs -metabolic point of view 1) biosynthesis in a human body nonessential (are synthesized) essential (must be present in
More informationNitrogen Metabolism. Overview
Nitrogen Metabolism Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Overview Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid biosynthesis Nonessential aa Essential aa Nucleotide biosynthesis Amino Acid Catabolism Urea Cycle Juicy Steak
More informationLecture 16. Finish lipid metabolism (Triglycerides, Isoprenoids/Steroids, Glyoxylate cycle) Amino acid metabolism (Urea cycle) Google Man III
Lecture 16 Finish lipid metabolism (Triglycerides, Isoprenoids/Steroids, Glyoxylate cycle) Amino acid metabolism (Urea cycle) Google Man III The Powertrain of Human Metabolism (verview) CARBHYDRATES PRTEINS
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Dr.Diala
number 32 Done by Mousa Salah Corrected by Bahaa Najjar Doctor Dr.Diala 1 P a g e In the last lecture we talked about the common processes between all amino acids which are: transamination, deamination,
More informationIntegrative Metabolism: Significance
Integrative Metabolism: Significance Energy Containing Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Catabolism Energy Depleted End Products H 2 O NH 3 ADP + Pi NAD + NADP + FAD + Pi NADH+H + NADPH+H + FADH2 Cell
More informationAMINO ACID METABOLISM
AMINO ACID METABOLISM Synthesis of Urea in Liver The series of reactions that form urea is known as the Urea Cycle or the Krebs-Henseleit Cycle. The urea cycle operates only to eliminate excess nitrogen.
More informationAmino acid metabolism
Amino acid metabolism The important reaction commonly employed in the breakdown of an amino acid is always the removal of its -amino group. The product ammonia is excreted after conversion to urea or other
More informationLecture 16. Finish lipid metabolism (Triglycerides, Isoprenoids/Steroids, Glyoxylate cycle) Amino acid metabolism (Urea cycle) Google Man III
Lecture 16 Finish lipid metabolism (Triglycerides, Isoprenoids/Steroids, Glyoxylate cycle) Amino acid metabolism (Urea cycle) Google Man III The Powertrain of Human Metabolism (verview) CARBHYDRATES PRTEINS
More informationCatabolism of Carbon skeletons of Amino acids. Amino acid metabolism
Catabolism of Carbon skeletons of Amino acids Amino acid metabolism Carbon skeleton Carbon Skeleton a carbon skeleton is the internal structure of organic molecules. Carbon Arrangements The arrangement
More informationSIMPLE BASIC METABOLISM
SIMPLE BASIC METABOLISM When we eat food such as a tuna fish sandwich, the polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are digested to smaller molecules that are absorbed into the cells of our body. As these
More informationAmino acid Catabolism
Enzymatic digestion of dietary proteins in gastrointestinal-tract. Amino acid Catabolism Amino acids: 1. There are 20 different amino acid, they are monomeric constituents of proteins 2. They act as precursors
More informationKrebs cycle Energy Petr Tůma Eva Samcová
Krebs cycle Energy - 215 Petr Tůma Eva Samcová Overview of Citric Acid Cycle Key Concepts The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is a multistep catalytic process that converts acetyl groups derived from carbohydrates,
More informationMETABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS
Dr. M. Sasvari METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS 2. The fate of the carbon sceleton 3 N + C R Active C 1 intermediers The folate derivatives structure s Folate (F) - vitamin Folate, 2 F, 4 F Dihydrofolate ( 2
More informationAmino acid metabolism I
Amino acid metabolism I Jana Novotná Department of the Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry The 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles Univ. Metabolic relationship of amino acids DIETARY PROTEINS GLYCOLYSIS
More informationFate of Dietary Protein
Fate of Dietary Protein Dietary protein Stomach: l, pepsin Denatured and partially hydrolyzed protein (large polypeptides) small intestine: proteases Amino acids and dipeptides intestinal lining: proteases
More informationAmino Acid Metabolism
Amino Acid Metabolism Fate of Dietary Protein Dietary protein Stomach: l, pepsin Denatured and partially hydrolyzed protein (large polypeptides) small intestine: proteases Amino acids and dipeptides intestinal
More informationChapter 26. Outline. Nitrogen. Nitrogen and Amino Acid Metabolism. BCH 4054 Spring 2001 Chapter 26 Lecture Notes. Slide 1. Slide 2
BCH 4054 Spring 2001 Chapter 26 Lecture Notes 1 Chapter 26 Nitrogen and Amino Acid Metabolism 2 utline No time to cover entire chapter, therefore concentrate on a few focal points Assimilation of inorganic
More information18 Amino Acid Oxidation and Production of Urea W. H. Freeman and Company
18 Amino Acid Oxidation and Production of Urea 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company 1 Last Class of Biomolecules For Energy 1. Production of acetyl-coa. Glucose. To pyruvate via glycolysis. To acetyl-coa by
More informationMetabolism of amino acids I. Josef Fontana
Metabolism of amino acids I Josef Fontana EC Overview of the lecture Introduction to protein and amino acids metabolism Metabolic pathways of amino acids Transamination Conversion glutamate - glutamine
More informationPart III => METABOLISM and ENERGY. 3.5 Protein Catabolism 3.5a Protein Degradation 3.5b Amino Acid Breakdown 3.5c Urea Cycle
Part III => METABOLISM and ENERGY 3.5 Protein Catabolism 3.5a Protein Degradation 3.5b Amino Acid Breakdown 3.5c Urea Cycle Section 3.5a: Protein Degradation Synopsis 3.5a - Dietary proteins are degraded
More informationAmino Acid Oxidation and the Urea Cycle
Amino Acid Oxidation and the Urea Cycle Amino Acids: Final class of biomolecules whose oxidation contributes significantly to the generation of energy Undergo oxidation in three metabolic circumstances
More informationAmino acid metabolism II
Amino acid metabolism II Fates of amino acid carbon skeleton degradation to common intermediates pyruvate, intermediates of citric acid cycle, acetyl-coa Glucogenic AA precursors of glucose - degradation
More informationLecture: Amino Acid catabolism: Nitrogen-The Urea cycle
BIOC 423: Introductory Biochemistry Biochemistry Education Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of New Mexico Lecture: Amino Acid catabolism: Nitrogen-The Urea cycle OBJECTIVES Describe
More informationLecture 11 - Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
Lecture 11 - Biosynthesis of Amino Acids Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire 1 Introduction Biosynthetic pathways for amino acids, nucleotides and lipids
More informationAmino Acid Catabolism
Amino Acid atabolism 3-1 Lec #8 To date we have considered the catabolism of carbohydrates and lipids with the object of generating energy in the form of ATP. Both give rise to AcoA which is fed through
More informationBiochemistry 2 Recita0on Amino Acid Metabolism
Biochemistry 2 Recita0on Amino Acid Metabolism 04-20- 2015 Glutamine and Glutamate as key entry points for NH 4 + Amino acid catabolism Glutamine synthetase enables toxic NH 4 + to combine with glutamate
More informationSCBC203 Amino Acid Metabolism
Breakdown of proteins Route I: Dietary protein breakdown SCBC203 Amino Acid Metabolism Dr Sarawut Jitrapakdee Professor of Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University
More informationLecture 17: Nitrogen metabolism 1. Urea cycle detoxification of NH 3 2. Amino acid degradation
Lecture 17: Nitrogen metabolism 1. Urea cycle detoxification of NH 3 2. Amino acid degradation Reference material Biochemistry 4 th edition, Mathews, Van Holde, Appling, Anthony Cahill. Pearson ISBN:978
More informationBiochemistry 423 Final Examination NAME:
Biochemistry 423 Final Examination NAME: 1 Circle the single BEST answer (3 points each) 1. At equilibrium the free energy of a reaction G A. depends only on the temperature B. is positive C. is 0 D. is
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 31 Amino Acid Synthesis 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 31 Outline Although the atmosphere is approximately 80% nitrogen,
More informationAMINOACID METABOLISM FATE OF AMINOACIDS & UREA CYCLE
AMINOACID METABOLISM FATE OF AMINOACIDS & UREA CYCLE SOURCE & FATE OF AA The aminoacids obtained from DIETARY SOURCE or BODY PROTEIN TURNOVER are utilized for protein biosynthesis and the production of
More informationBASIC SCIENCES & BIOCHEMISTRY FOR BETZPAENIC BRIMBLERS
BASIC SCIENCES & BIOCHEMISTRY FOR BETZPAENIC BRIMBLERS Lymphatic Vessels One main lymph vessel receives lymph from the right upper arm and the right side of the head and the thorax and empties into the
More informationAmino Acid Metabolism
Amino Acid Metabolism The continuous degradation and synthesis of cellular proteins occur in all forms of life. Each day humans turn over 1 2% of their total body protein, principally muscle protein. Approximately
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 30 Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 30 Outline Amino acids are obtained from the
More informationAmino Acid Metabolism: Amino Acid Degradation & Synthesis
Amino Acid Metabolism: Amino Acid Degradation & Synthesis Dr. Diala Abu-Hassan, DDS, PhD Medical students-first semester All images are taken from Lippincott s Biochemistry textbook except where noted
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 30 Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company In the cytosol of a cell amino groups from amino acids
More informationIntegration of Metabolism
Integration of Metabolism Metabolism is a continuous process. Thousands of reactions occur simultaneously in order to maintain homeostasis. It ensures a supply of fuel, to tissues at all times, in fed
More informationJana Novotná, Bruno Sopko. Department of the Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry The 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles Univ.
Amino acid metabolism II. Urea cycle Jana Novotná, Bruno Sopko Department of the Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry The 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles Univ. Nitrogen balance Tissue proteins
More informationBIOCHEMISTRY Protein Metabolism
BIOCHEMISTRY Protein Metabolism BIOB111 CHEMISTRY & BIOCHEMISTRY Session 25 Session Plan Digestion & Absorption of Proteins Amino Acid Utilization Amino Acid Degradation Transamination Oxidative Deamination
More informationFind this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site.
Find this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site. Still having trouble understanding the material? Check
More informationAmino acid oxidation and the production of urea
Seminar 10 Urea cycle Amino acid oxidation and the production of urea Oxidation Waste or Reuse Ammonia has to be eliminated ammonia originates in the catabolism of amino acids that are primarily produced
More informationMidterm 1 (in class) February 1 (next Thur) (bring calculator, log functions) Review Sessions
Midterm 1 (in class) February 1 (next Thur) (bring calculator, log functions) Review Sessions MN (1/29): WED (1/31): 212 Veihmeyer, 4-6 p.m. 198 Young, 6-8 p.m. Lecture 7 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PD)) omplex
More informationGlycolysis Part 2. BCH 340 lecture 4
Glycolysis Part 2 BCH 340 lecture 4 Regulation of Glycolysis There are three steps in glycolysis that have enzymes which regulate the flux of glycolysis These enzymes catalyzes irreversible reactions of
More informationendopeptidases aminopeptidases carboxypeptidases hydrolyzes a peptide bond somewhere in the middle of the polypeptide
1 Amino Acid Metabolism: The primary purpose for s in the body is to provide the building blocks for proteins R other s. owever, if there is no protein synthesis occurring, the s can be broken down (i.e.
More informationBiological oxidation II. The Cytric acid cycle
Biological oxidation II The Cytric acid cycle Outline The Cytric acid cycle (TCA tricarboxylic acid) Central role of Acetyl-CoA Regulation of the TCA cycle Anaplerotic reactions The Glyoxylate cycle Localization
More informationAMINO ACID METABOLISM
AMINO ACID METABOLISM PHL-285 Biochemistry-2 Mahmoud N. Nagi, Ph.D. Professor of Biochemistry Overview of amino acid metabolism. Classification of amino acids. Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids.
More informationINTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY. BI 28 Second Midterm Examination April 3, 2007
INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BI 28 Second Midterm Examination April 3, 2007 Name SIS # Make sure that your name or SIS # is on every page. This is the only way we have of matching you with your exam after
More informationPhysiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004
Name Write your name on the back of the exam Physiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004 This examination consists of forty-four questions, each having 2 points. The remaining
More informationCITRIC ACID CYCLE ERT106 BIOCHEMISTRY SEM /19 BY: MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG
CITRIC ACID CYCLE ERT106 BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 1 2018/19 BY: MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG Chapter Outline (19-1) The central role of the citric acid cycle in metabolism (19-2) The overall pathway of the citric
More informationMarah Bitar. Faisal Nimri ... Nafeth Abu Tarboosh
8 Marah Bitar Faisal Nimri... Nafeth Abu Tarboosh Summary of the 8 steps of citric acid cycle Step 1. Acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, releasing the CoA group and forming a six-carbon
More informationTCA CYCLE (Citric Acid Cycle)
TCA CYCLE (Citric Acid Cycle) TCA CYCLE The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as: Kreb s cycle Sir Hans Krebs Nobel prize, 1953 TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle The citric acid cycle requires aerobic conditions!!!!
More information1 Digestion and absorption. Lecture #14 Lecturer: PhD Alexander N. Koval
1 Digestion and absorption Lecture #14 Lecturer: PhD Alexander N. Koval Presentation of Protein 12/22/2016 A. Koval (C), 2016 2 Lectures plan 12/22/2016 A. Koval (C), 2016 3 Overview of Protein Metabolism
More informationCHAPTER 24: Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Metabolism. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith
CHAPTER 24: Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Metabolism General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith CHAPTER 24: Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Metabolism Learning Objectives: q Role in
More informationAmino Acid Metabolism
Amino Acid Metabolism Last Week Most of the Animal Kingdom = Lazy - Most higher organisms in the animal kindom don t bother to make all of the amino acids. - Instead, we eat things that make the essential
More informationNITROGEN METABOLISM An Overview
1 University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine and Health Sciences Division of Basic Medical Sciences Discipline of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology PBL Seminar & Health Sciences NITROGEN METABOLISM
More informationDr. Abir Alghanouchi Biochemistry department Sciences college
Dr. Abir Alghanouchi Biochemistry department Sciences college Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate(the product of glycolysis) passes by special pyruvatetransporter into mitochondria which proceeds as follows:
More informationChemistry 3503 Final exam April 17, Student s name:
Chemistry 3503 Final exam April 17, 2008 Student s name: THIS EXAM IS FOR STUDENTS IN D. CRAIG S SECTION. IF YOU ARE IN M. EZE S SECTION THIS EXAM IS NOT FOR YOU. Part I /40 Part II Question 1 /4 Question
More informationMultiple choice: Circle the best answer on this exam. There are 12 multiple choice questions, each question is worth 3 points.
CHEM 4420 Exam 4 Spring 2015 Dr. Stone Page 1 of 6 Name Use complete sentences when requested. There are 120 possible points on this exam. Therefore there are 20 bonus points. Multiple choice: Circle the
More informationMetabolism III. Aim: understand gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, photosynthesis and amino acid synthesis
Metabolism III Aim: understand gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, photosynthesis and amino acid synthesis Anabolism From a carbon source and inorganic molecules, microbes synthesize new organelles
More informationPROTEIN METABOLISM: SPECIFIC WAYS OF AMINO ACIDS CATABOLISM AND SYNTHESIS
PROTEIN METABOLISM: SPECIFIC WAYS OF AMINO ACIDS CATABOLISM AND SYNTHESIS SPECIFIC WAYS OF AMINO ACID CATABOLISM After removing of amino group the carbon skeletons of amino acids are transformed into metabolic
More informationThe diagram below summarizes the conversion of the twenty standard amino acids. Copyright Mark Brandt, Ph.D. 23
Amino acid breakdown Amino acids comprise one of the three major energy sources for animals. They are an especially important energy source for carnivorous animals, and for all animals during early starvation
More informationChemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide
Chemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide Chapter 12 12.1 Identify and differentiate between macronutrients (lipids, amino acids and saccharides) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Master Tutor Section
More informationChapter 24 Lecture Outline
Chapter 24 Lecture Outline Carbohydrate Lipid and Protein! Metabolism! In the catabolism of carbohydrates, glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate, which is then metabolized into acetyl CoA. Prepared
More informationLipid and Amino Acid Metabolism
CHEM 3331 Fundamentals of Biochemistry Chapter 14 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism Organic and Biochemistry for Today Spencer L. Seager / Michael R. Slabaugh Mr. Kevin A. Boudreaux Angelo State University
More informationBio 366: Biological Chemistry II Test #2, 100 points total
Bio 366: Biological Chemistry II Test #2, 100 points total Please neatly PRINT YOUR NAME on EACH PAGE. PRINT the l ast four digits of your SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER on the BACK SIDE OF PAGE 11 of this test.
More informationPhysiology Unit 1 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
Physiology Unit 1 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS Alternate Fuel Sources When glucose levels are low Proteins and Triglycerides will be metabolized Tissues will use different fuel sources depending on:
More informationMETABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS
Dr. M. Sasvari METABOLISM OF AMINO AIDS 1. The fate of the amino group OO - 3 N 24 1 Key structure s Glutamine (Gln), 5 Gln Glutamate (Glu), 5 Glu a-keto-glutarate, 5 akg AMIDE N 2 O - O - 2 2 2 3 N 2
More informationLecture 5: Cell Metabolism. Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross
Lecture 5: Cell Metabolism Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross Cellular Respiration Set of reactions that take place during the conversion of nutrients into ATP Intricate regulatory relationship between several
More information7.05 Spring 2004 May 7, Recitation #11
Recitation #11 ontact Information TA: Victor Sai Recitation: Friday, 3-4pm, 2-132 E-mail: sai@mit.edu ffice ours: Friday, 4-5pm, 2-132 Unit 4 Schedule Recitation/Exam Date Topic Recitation #11 Friday,
More informationDental Students Biochemistry Exam V Questions ( Note: In all cases, the only correct answer is the best answer)
Dental Students Biochemistry Exam V Questions - 2006 ( Note: In all cases, the only correct answer is the best answer) 1. Essential fatty acids are: A. precursors of biotin B. precursors of tyrosine C.
More informationReactions and amino acids structure & properties
Lecture 2: Reactions and amino acids structure & properties Dr. Sameh Sarray Hlaoui Common Functional Groups Common Biochemical Reactions AH + B A + BH Oxidation-Reduction A-H + B-OH + energy ª A-B + H
More informationLecture 10 - Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism
Lecture 10 - Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire 1 Introduction 2 Proteins are degraded into amino acids. Protein
More informationNITROGEN METABOLISM: An Overview
NITROGEN METABOLISM: An Overview University of PNG School of Medicine and Health Sciences Division of Basic Medical Sciences Discipline of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology VJ Temple 1 How are nitrogen-containing
More informationBIOCHEMISTRY - CLUTCH REVIEW 6.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: AMINO ACID OXIDATION Urea cycle occurs in liver, removes amino groups from amino acids so they may enter the citric acid cycle 2 nitrogen enter the cycle to ultimately leave
More informationAmino Acids. Amino Acids. Fundamentals. While their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an NH. 3 and CO NH 3
Fundamentals While their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an 2 group and a 2 group, these groups are actually present as 3 and 2 respectively. They are classified as α, β, γ, etc..
More informationCitric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism. Entry of Pyruvate into the TCA cycle
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Stage II of catabolism involves the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylcoa In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final
More informationCHAPTER 24: Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism
CHAPTER 24: Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism Describe the digestion of fats and proteins utline the steps in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and describe the circumstances of ketone body production Describe
More informationIntegration Of Metabolism
Integration Of Metabolism Metabolism Consist of Highly Interconnected Pathways The basic strategy of catabolic metabolism is to form ATP, NADPH, and building blocks for biosyntheses. 1. ATP is the universal
More informationIII. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular
III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular Chapter Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways
More informationThis is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.)
This is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC 2010. (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.) Topic 10: CELLULAR RESPIRATION (lectures 14-16) OBJECTIVES: 1. Know the basic reactions that
More informationCHE 242 Exam 3 Practice Questions
CHE 242 Exam 3 Practice Questions Glucose metabolism 1. Below is depicted glucose catabolism. Indicate on the pathways the following: A) which reaction(s) of glycolysis are irreversible B) where energy
More informationBiochemistry - I SPRING Mondays and Wednesdays 9:30-10:45 AM (MR-1307) Lecture 16. Based on Profs. Kevin Gardner & Reza Khayat
Biochemistry - I Mondays and Wednesdays 9:30-10:45 AM (MR-1307) SPRING 2017 Lecture 16 Based on Profs. Kevin Gardner & Reza Khayat 1 Catabolism of Di- and Polysaccharides Catabolism (digestion) begins
More informationKrebs Cycle. Color Index: Original slides. Important. 436 Notes 438 notes. Extra information Biochemistry team 438. Red boxes are IMPORTANT!
Red boxes are IMPORTANT! Krebs Cycle Color Index: Original slides. Important. 436 Notes 438 notes : ل ی د ع ت ل ا ط ب ا ر https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wvdec1atp7j- ZKWOUSukSLsEcosjZ0AqV4z2VcH2TA0/edit?usp=sharing
More informationNafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD
Nafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD natarboush@ju.edu.jo www.facebook.com/natarboush Why do we need it? Location & where is it in the picture? Electron (energy) carrying molecules Components Enzymes & cofactors
More informationUrea is the major end product of nitrogen catabolism in humans One nitrogen free NH3 other nitrogen aspartate. carbon oxygen CO2 liver,
Urea is the major end product of nitrogen catabolism in humans Urea is the major disposal form of amino groups derived from amino acids, and accounts about 90% percent of the nitrogencontaining components
More informationAmino acid metabolism I
Amino acid metabolism I Jana Novotná, Bruno Sopko Department of the Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry The 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles Univ. Metabolic relationship of amino acids Body proteins
More informationBiochemistry. Metabolic pathways
Biochemistry Metabolic pathways 07.11.2017 01.12.2017 Gerhild van Echten-Deckert Tel. 73 2703 E-mail: g.echten.deckert@uni-bonn.de www.limes-institut-bonn.de Objectives of the course: Energy metabolism
More informationBIOB111 - Tutorial activity for Session 25
BIOB111 - Tutorial activity for Session 25 General topics for week 14 Session 25 The metabolism of proteins Students are asked to draw the concept map showing all details of protein metabolism 1 Instructions:
More informationRegulation. 1. Short term control 8-1
Regulation Several aspects of regulation have been alluded to or described in detail as we have progressed through the various sections of the course. These include: (a) compartmentation: This was not
More informationObjectives By the end of lecture the student should:
Objectives By the end of lecture the student should: Discuss β oxidation of fatty acids. Illustrate α oxidation of fatty acids. Understand ω oxidation of fatty acids. List sources and fates of active acetate.
More informationAerobic Fate of Pyruvate. Chapter 16 Homework Assignment. Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle
Chapter 16 Homework Assignment The following problems will be due once we finish the chapter: 1, 3, 7, 10, 16, 19, 20 Additional Problem: Write out the eight reaction steps of the Citric Acid Cycle, using
More informationIf you ate a clown, would it taste funny? Oh, wait, that s cannibalism . Anabolism
If you ate a clown, would it taste funny? Oh, wait, that s cannibalism. Anabolism is about putting things together. Anabolism: The Use of Energy in Biosynthesis Anabolism energy from catabolism is used
More informationBiology 638 Biochemistry II Exam-3. (Note that you are not allowed to use any calculator)
Biology 638 Biochemistry II Exam-3 (Note that you are not allowed to use any calculator) 1. In the non-cyclic pathway, electron pathway is. Select the most accurate one. a. PSII PC Cyt b 6 f PC PSI Fd-NADP
More information-Acetyl-coA and glucose-6-phosphate are examples of key compounds of biochemistry because they are involved in more than one pathway.
Nitrogen metabolism made by : enas omar corrected by: LINA AL-HIARY date: 20-11-2016 -nitrogen is fertilized by bacteria which converts it into nitrite and nitrate. plants absorb nitrite and nitrate, convert
More information