Chapter 5 Ground Rules of Metabolism Sections 6-10
|
|
- Godfrey Barton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 5 Ground Rules of Metabolism Sections 6-10
2 5.6 Cofactors in Metabolic Pathways Most enzymes require cofactors Energy in ATP drives many endergonic reactions
3 Table 5-1 p86
4 Cofactors and Coenzymes Cofactors Atoms or molecules (other than proteins) that are necessary for enzyme function Example: Iron atoms in catalase Coenzymes Organic cofactors such as vitamins May become modified during a reaction
5 Catalase and Cofactors Catalase is an antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals (atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons that attack biological molecules) Catalase has four hemes (small organic compound with an iron atom at its center) Catalase works by holding a substrate molecule close to one of its iron atoms (cofactors) Iron pulls on the substrate s electrons, bringing on the transition state
6 Heme
7 ATP A Special Coenzyme ATP (adenosine triphosphate) A nucleotide with three phosphate groups Transfers a phosphate group and energy to other molecules Phosphorylation A phosphate-group transfer ADP binds phosphate in an endergonic reaction to replenish ATP (ATP/ADP cycle)
8 adenine three phosphate groups ribose A adenine ribose AMP ADP ATP B C energy in ADP + phosphate energy out Figure 5-18 p87
9 Coupled Reactions
10 Take-Home Message: How do cofactors work? Cofactors associate with enzymes and assist their function. Metal ions stabilize the structure of many enzymes. They also participate in some enzymatic reactions by donating or accepting electrons Many coenzymes carry chemical groups, atoms, or electrons from one reaction to another The formation of ATP from ADP is an endergonic reaction; ADP forms again when a phosphate group is transferred from ATP to another molecule energy from such transfers drives cellular work
11 5.7 A Closer Look at Cell Membranes A membrane is a continuous, selectively permeable barrier A cell membrane is organized as a lipid bilayer with many proteins embedded in it and attached to its surfaces
12 Membrane Lipids Phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane have two parts Hydrophilic heads interact with water molecules Hydrophobic tails interact with each other, forming a barrier to hydrophilic molecules
13 The Fluid Mosaic Model Fluid mosaic model Describes the organization of cell membranes Phospholipids drift and move like a fluid The bilayer is a mosaic mixture of phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and other molecules
14 Cell Membrane Organization one layer of lipids one layer of lipids
15 Membrane Proteins Cell membrane function begins with the many proteins associated with the lipid bilayer Peripheral membrane proteins temporarily attach to the lipid bilayer s surfaces by interactions with lipids or other proteins Integral membrane proteins permanently attach to a bilayer
16 Types of Membrane Proteins Each type of protein in a membrane has a special function Adhesion proteins Recognition proteins Receptor proteins Enzymes Transport proteins (active and passive)
17 Types of Membrane Proteins B Recognition proteins such as this MHC molecule tag a cell as belonging to one s own body. c Receptor proteins such as this B cell receptor bind substances outside the cell. B cell receptors help the body eliminate toxins and infectious agents. D Transport proteins bind to molecules on one side of the membrane, and release them on the other side. This one transports glucose. E This transport protein, an ATP synthase, makes ATP when hydrogen ions flow through its interior. Extracellular Fluid Lipid bilayer Cytoplasm
18 ANIMATED FIGURE: Cell membranes To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
19 Table 5-2 p88
20 Take-Home Message: What is a cell membrane? The structural foundation of all cell membranes is the lipid bilayer Adhesion proteins, recognition proteins, transport proteins, receptors, and enzymes embedded in or associated with the lipid bilayer impart functionality to a cell membrane
21 ANIMATION: Lipid bilayer organization To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
22 5.8 Diffusion and Membranes Ions and molecules tend to move spontaneously from regions of higher to lower concentration Water diffuses across cell membranes by osmosis
23 Diffusion Diffusion The net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient Moves substances into, through, and out of cells A substance diffuses in a direction set by its own concentration gradient, not by the gradients of other solutes around it
24 Diffusion
25 The Rate of Diffusion Rate of diffusion depends on five factors Size Temperature Steepness of the concentration gradient Charge Pressure
26 Concentration Gradients Concentration The number of molecules (or ions) of substance per unit volume of fluid Concentration gradient The difference in concentration between two adjacent regions Molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
27 Tonicity Tonicity The relative concentrations of solutes in two fluids separated by a selectively permeable membrane For two fluids separated by a semipermeable membrane, the one with lower solute concentration is hypotonic, and the one with higher solute concentration is hypertonic Isotonic fluids have the same solute concentration
28 Osmosis Osmosis The movement of water down its concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
29 Osmosis selectively permeable membrane
30 Membrane Permeability Selective permeability The ability of a cell membrane to control which substances and how much of them enter or leave the cell Allows the cell to maintain a difference between its internal environment and extracellular fluid Supplies the cell with nutrients, removes wastes, and maintains volume and ph
31 Selective Permeability of Lipid Bilayers lipid bilayer gases water glucose and other polar molecules; ions
32 Effects of Fluid Pressure Hydrostatic pressure (turgor) The pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a surrounding structure (membrane, tube, or cell wall) which resists volume change Osmotic pressure The amount of hydrostatic pressure that can stop water from diffusing into cytoplasmic fluid or other hypertonic solutions
33 Effects of Fluid Pressure
34 Take-Home Message: What influences the movement of ions and molecules? Molecules or ions tend to diffuse into an adjoining region of fluid in which they are not as concentrated he steepness of a concentration gradient as well as temperature, molecular size, charge, and pressure affect the rate of diffusion Osmosis is a net diffusion of water between two fluids that differ in water concentration and are separated by a selectively permeable membrane Fluid pressure that a solution exerts against a membrane or wall influences the osmotic movement of water
35 3D ANIMATION: Osmosis
36 5.9 Membrane Transport Mechanisms Many types of molecules and ions can cross a lipid bilayer only with the help of transport proteins
37 How Substances Cross Membranes Gases and nonpolar molecules diffuse freely across a lipid bilayer Ions and large polar molecules require other mechanisms to cross the cell membrane Passive transport Active transport Endocytosis and exocytosis
38 Passive Transport Passive transport (facilitated diffusion) Requires no energy input A passive transport protein allows a specific solute (such as glucose) to follow its concentration gradient across a membrane A gated passive transporter changes shape when a specific molecule binds to it
39 Passive Transport of Glucose
40 Active Transport Active transport Requires energy input (usually ATP) Moves a solute against its concentration gradient, to the concentrated side of the membrane Calcium pumps Active transporters move calcium ions across muscle cell membranes into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
41 Active Transport: Calcium Pump Extracellular Fluid Cytoplasm
42 Active Transport: Calcium Pump
43 Active Transport: Calcium Pump
44 ANIMATED FIGURE: Active transport To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
45 Cotransport Cotransporter An active transport protein that moves two substances across a membrane at the same time Example: The sodium-potassium pump moves Na + out of the cell and K + into the cell
46 Cotransport: Sodium-Potassium Pump Extracellular Fluid ADP Cytoplasm
47 Take-Home Message: How do molecules or ions cross a cell membrane? Transport proteins help specific molecules or ions to cross cell membranes In passive transport, a solute binds to a protein that releases it on the opposite side of the membrane; he movement is driven by a concentration gradient In active transport, a transport protein pumps a solute across a membrane, against its concentration gradient; the movement is driven by an energy input, such as ATP
48 ANIMATED FIGURE: Passive transport To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
49 5.10 Membrane Trafficking By processes of endocytosis and exocytosis, cells take in and expel particles that are too big for transport proteins, as well as substances in bulk Requires formation and movement of vesicles formed from membranes, involving motor proteins and ATP
50 Exocytosis and Endocytosis Exocytosis The fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane, releasing its contents to the surroundings Endocytosis The formation of a vesicle from cell membrane, enclosing materials near the cell surface and bringing them into the cell
51 A Molecules get concentrated inside coated pits at the plasma membrane. Endocytosis Exocytosis B The pits sink inward and become endocytic vesicles. coated pit D Many of the sorted molecules cycle to the plasma membrane. C Vesicle contents are sorted. E Some vesicles are routed to the nuclear envelope or ER membrane. Others fuse with Golgi bodies. F Some vesicles and their contents are delivered to lysosomes. lysosome Golgi Stepped Art Figure 5-27 p94
52 ANIMATED FIGURE: Membrane cycling To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
53 plasma membrane Figure 5-28a p94
54 aggregates of lipoproteins Figure 5-28b p94
55 Three Pathways of Endocytosis Receptor-mediated endocytosis Specific molecules bind to surface receptors, which are then enclosed in an endocytic vesicle Phagocytosis Larger target particles such as microbes or cellular debris are engulfed by pseudopods which merge as a vesicle, which fuses with a lysosome in the cell Pinocytosis A less selective endocytic pathway that brings materials in bulk into the cell
56 A Pseudopods of a white blood cell surround Tuberculosis bacteria (red). Figure 5-29a p95
57 ANIMATED FIGURE: Phagocytosis To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
58 Phagocytosis B Endocytic vesicle forms. c Lysosome fuses with vesicle; enzymes digest pathogen. D Cell uses the digested material or expels it.
59 Membrane Cycling Exocytosis and endocytosis continually replace and withdraw patches of the plasma membrane New membrane proteins and lipids are made in the ER, modified in Golgi bodies, and form vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
60 Forming New Plasma Membrane
61 Take-Home Message: How do cells take in large particles and bulk substances? Exocytosis and endocytosis move materials in bulk across plasma membranes In exocytosis, a cytoplasmic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the outside of the cell In endocytosis, a patch of plasma membrane sinks inward and forms a vesicle in the cytoplasm Phagocytosis is an endocytic pathway by which cells engulf particles such as microorganisms
5.6 Diffusion, Membranes, and Metabolism
5.6 Diffusion, Membranes, and Metabolism Concentration of a substance Number of atoms or molecules in a given volume Concentration gradient of a substance A difference in concentration between two regions
More informationA Closer Look at Cell Membranes. Chapter 5 Part 2
A Closer Look at Cell Membranes Chapter 5 Part 2 5.5 Membrane Trafficking By processes of endocytosis and exocytosis, vesicles help cells take in and expel particles that are too big for transport proteins,
More informationChapter 5 Ground Rules Of Metabolism
Chapter 5 Ground Rules Of Metabolism Energy and the World of Life Energy Capacity to do work Two Forms Of energy Kinetic Energy is the energy an object has because it is moving Potential Energy is the
More informationThe Plasma Membrane - Gateway to the Cell
The Plasma Membrane - Gateway to the Cell 1 Photograph of a Cell Membrane 2 Cell Membrane The cell membrane is flexible and allows a unicellular organism to move 3 Homeostasis Balanced internal condition
More informationChapter 5 Problem set
Chapter 5 Problem set Matching Choose the most appropriate answer for each of the following. 1 fluid mosaic model 2. Transport proteins 3. freeze-fracturing and freeze-etching 4. recognition proteins 5.
More informationPhospholipids. Extracellular fluid. Polar hydrophilic heads. Nonpolar hydrophobic tails. Polar hydrophilic heads. Intracellular fluid (cytosol)
Module 2C Membranes and Cell Transport All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. Eukaryotic cells also contain internal membranes and membrane- bound organelles. In this module, we will examine the
More informationHow Cells Work. Chapter 4
How Cells Work Chapter 4 Energy Laws Energy is the capacity to do work The total amount of energy in the universe is constant-energy can t be created or destroyed..only transferred! Energy is flowing from
More informationCell Membrane: a Phospholipid Bilayer. Membrane Structure and Function. Fluid Mosaic Model. Chapter 5
Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 5 Cell Membrane: a Phospholipid Bilayer Phospholipid Hydrophilic Head Hydrophobic Tail Lipid Bilayer Fluid Mosaic Model Mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty
More informationMEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 2.4.2 Membranes organize the chemical activities of cells Membranes provide structural order for metabolism Form most of the cell's organelles Compartmentalize chemical
More informationPlasma Membrane Structure and Function
Plasma Membrane Structure and Function The plasma membrane separates the internal environment of the cell from its surroundings. The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. The
More informationCell Biology. The Plasma Membrane
Cell Biology The Plasma Membrane recall Fluid Mosiac Model S.J. Singer Semipermeable membrane fluid portion is double layer of phospholipids (=phospholipid bilayer) mosaic portion is the proteins and carbohydrates
More informationCell Membranes and Signaling
5 Cell Membranes and Signaling Concept 5.1 Biological Membranes Have a Common Structure and Are Fluid A membrane s structure and functions are determined by its constituents: lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
More informationChapter 5. The Working Cell. Lecture by Richard L. Myers
Chapter 5 The Working Cell PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Richard L. Myers MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
More informationHomeostasis, Transport & The Cell Membrane. Chapter 4-2 (pg 73 75) Chapter 5
Homeostasis, Transport & The Cell Membrane Chapter 4-2 (pg 73 75) Chapter 5 Unit 5: Lecture 1 Topic: The Cell Membrane Covers: Chapter 5, pages 95-96 Chapter 4, pages 73-75 The Cell Membrane The chemistry
More informationMembranes. Chapter 5
Membranes Chapter 5 Membrane Structure The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure contends that membranes consist of: -phospholipids arranged in a bilayer -globular proteins inserted in the lipid bilayer
More informationUnit 1 Matter & Energy for Life
Unit 1 Matter & Energy for Life Chapter 2 Interaction of Cell Structures Biology 2201 Primary Membrane Function: Homeostasis Section 2.2 Conditions in the cell must remain more or less constant under many
More informationMembrane Structure. Membrane Structure. Membranes. Chapter 5
Membranes Chapter 5 Membrane Structure The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure contends that membranes consist of: -phospholipids arranged in a bilayer -globular proteins inserted in the lipid bilayer
More informationMembrane Structure. Membrane Structure. Membrane Structure. Membranes
Membrane Structure Membranes Chapter 5 The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure contends that membranes consist of: -phospholipids arranged in a bilayer -globular proteins inserted in the lipid bilayer
More informationMembrane Structure and Function
Membrane Structure and Function Check Your Gummy Bears Ø Take Day One measurements l Same measurements you took yesterday Ø What type solution was the gummy bear in? Hyper, Hypo, or Isotonic? Ø Put your
More information1. I can explain the structure of ATP and how it is used to store energy.
1. I can explain the structure of ATP and how it is used to store energy. ATP is the primary energy molecule for the cell. It is produced in the mitochondria during cellular respiration, which breaks down
More informationUnit 1 Matter & Energy for Life
Unit 1 Matter & Energy for Life Chapter 2 Interaction of Cell Structure Biology 2201 Sept. 2011 Primary Membrane Function: Homeostasis Section 2.2 Conditions in the cell must remain more or less constant
More informationThe Plasma Membrane. 5.1 The Nature of the Plasma Membrane. Phospholipid Bilayer. The Plasma Membrane
5.1 The Nature of the Plasma Membrane The Plasma Membrane Four principal components in animals Phospholipid bilayer Molecules of cholesterol interspersed within the bilayer. Membrane proteins embedded
More informationMembranes. Chapter 5. Membrane Structure
Membranes Chapter 5 Membrane Structure Lipid Bilayer model: - double phospholipid layer - Gorter & Grendel: 1925 Fluid Mosaic model: consist of -phospholipids arranged in a bilayer -globular proteins inserted
More informationOutline. Membrane Structure and Function. Membrane Models Fluid-Mosaic. Chapter 5
Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 5 Membrane Models Fluid-Mosaic Outline Plasma Membrane Structure and Function Protein Functions Plasma Membrane Permeability! Diffusion! Osmosis! Transport Via Carrier
More informationCH 7.2 & 7.4 Biology
CH 7.2 & 7.4 Biology LABEL THE MEMBRANE Phospholipids Cholesterol Peripheral proteins Integral proteins Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm Extracellular fluid Most of the membrane A phospholipid bi-layer makes up
More informationGateway to the Cell 11/1/2012. The cell membrane is flexible and allows a unicellular organism to move FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
Gateway to the Cell The cell membrane is flexible and allows a unicellular organism to move Isolates the cell, yet allows communication with its surroundings fluid mosaics = proteins (and everything else)
More informationChapter 7: Membrane Structure & Function
Chapter 7: Membrane Structure & Function 1. Membrane Structure 2. Transport Across Membranes 1. Membrane Structure Chapter Reading pp. 125-129 What are Biological Membranes? Hydrophilic head WATER They
More informationChapter 7: Membrane Structure & Function. 1. Membrane Structure. What are Biological Membranes? 10/21/2015. Why phospholipids? 1. Membrane Structure
Chapter 7: Membrane Structure & Function 1. Membrane Structure 2. Transport Across Membranes 1. Membrane Structure Chapter Reading pp. 125-129 What are Biological Membranes? Hydrophilic head WATER They
More informationMEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND TRAFFIC. Cell Membrane Structure and Function
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND TRAFFIC Cell Membrane Structure and Function 4.1 How Is the Structure of a Membrane Related to Its Function? 4.1.1 The Plasma Membrane Isolates the Cell While Allowing Communication
More information10/28/2013. Double bilayer of lipids with imbedded, dispersed proteins Bilayer consists of phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids
Structure of a Generalized Cell MEMBRANES Figure 3.1 Plasma Membrane Fluid Mosaic Model Separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids Plays a dynamic role in cellular activity Glycocalyx is
More informationPlasma Membrane & Movement of Materials in Cells
Plasma Membrane & Movement of Materials in Cells Why do cells need to control what enters and exits? Plasma membrane boundary between the cell and its environment Homeostasis maintaining the cells environment
More informationThe Plasma Membrane - Gateway to the Cell
The Plasma Membrane - Gateway to the Cell 1 Photograph of a Cell Membrane 2 Cell Membrane The cell membrane is flexible and allows a unicellular organism to move 3 Homeostasis Balanced internal condition
More informationCells: The Living Units
Cells: The Living Units Introduction Life in general occurs in an aqueous environment All chemical processes essential to life occur within the aqueous environment of the cell and surrounding fluids contained
More informationA Closer Look at Cell Membranes
A Closer Look at Cell Membranes BOZEMAN VIDEO CELL MEMBRANES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y31dlj6ugge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7cj7xzojm0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y31dlj6ugge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7cj7xzojm0
More informationChapter 4 Skeleton Notes: Membrane Structure & Function
Chapter 4 Skeleton Notes: Membrane Structure & Function Overview/Objectives 4.1 Plasma Membrane Structure & Function o Structure and Function of the PM o Major functions of proteins 4.2- Permeability of
More informationCHAPTER 8 MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CHAPTER 8 MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Section B: Traffic Across Membranes 1. A membrane s molecular organization results in selective permeability 2. Passive transport is diffusion across a membrane
More informationMembrane Structure and Function - 1
Membrane Structure and Function - 1 The Cell Membrane and Interactions with the Environment Cells interact with their environment in a number of ways. Each cell needs to obtain oxygen and other nutrients
More informationMembrane Structure and Function
Membrane Structure and Function Chapter 7 Objectives Define the following terms: amphipathic molecules, aquaporins, diffusion Distinguish between the following pairs or sets of terms: peripheral and integral
More informationCell membrane & Transport. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Ebneshahidi
Cell membrane & Transport Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Cell Membrane To enclose organelles and other contents in cytoplasm. To protect the cell. To allow substances into and out of the cell. To have metabolic reactions
More informationMembrane Structure and Membrane Transport of Small Molecules. Assist. Prof. Pinar Tulay Faculty of Medicine
Membrane Structure and Membrane Transport of Small Molecules Assist. Prof. Pinar Tulay Faculty of Medicine Introduction Cell membranes define compartments of different compositions. Membranes are composed
More informationMEMBRANE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 8 KEY CONCEPTS Cellular s are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Membrane structure results in selective permeability Passive transport is diffusion of a substance
More informationTRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES
Unit 2: Cells, Membranes and Signaling TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES Chapter 5 Hillis Textbook TYPES OF TRANSPORT ACROSS THE CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE: What do you remember? Complete the chart with what you
More informationEquilibrium is a condition of balance. Changes in temperature, pressure or concentration can cause a shift in the equilibrium.
Copy into Note Packet and Return to Teacher Cells and Their Environment Section 1: Passive Transport Objectives Relate concentration gradients, diffusion, and equilibrium. Predict the direction of water
More informationUnit 1 Matter & Energy for Life
Unit 1 Matter & Energy for Life Chapter 2 Interaction of Cell Structure Biology 2201 Primary Membrane Function: Homeostasis Conditions in the cell must remain more or less constant under many different
More informationConcept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins
Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Lipids: Non-polar substances such as fat that contain C, H, O. Phospholipids: Lipid with phosphate group, very abundant in plasma
More informationThe Cell Membrane & Movement of Materials In & Out of Cells PACKET #11
1 February 26, The Cell Membrane & Movement of Materials In & Out of Cells PACKET #11 Introduction I 2 Biological membranes are phospholipid bilayers with associated proteins. Current data support a fluid
More informationThe Cell Membrane and Cellular Transportation
The Cell Membrane and Cellular Transportation Oct 20 7:07 PM Cell Membrane Forms a barrier between the cell and the external environment. Has three main functions: 1) helps the cell retain the molecules
More informationThe Working Cell: G: Membrane Transport & H: Enzymes. Chapter 5
The Working Cell: G: Membrane Transport & H: Enzymes Chapter 5 Standards Unit G: Membrane Transport I can recognize the fluid mosaic model and accurately identify and describe the function of the components.
More informationCELL TRANSPORT and THE PLASMA MEMBRANE. SB1d. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
CELL TRANSPORT and THE PLASMA MEMBRANE SB1d. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion). What if What would happen if an organism could not get energy or get rid of wastes?
More informationThe Cell Membrane. Lecture 3a. Overview: Membranes. What is a membrane? Structure of the cell membrane. Fluid Mosaic Model. Membranes and Transport
Lecture 3a. The Cell Membrane Membranes and Transport Overview: Membranes Structure of cell membranes Functions of cell membranes How things get in and out of cells What is a membrane? Basically, a covering
More informationDescribe the Fluid Mosaic Model of membrane structure.
Membranes and Cell Transport All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. Eukaryotic cells also contain internal membranes and membranebound organelles. In this topic, we will examine the structure and
More informationFIGURE A. The phosphate end of the molecule is polar (charged) and hydrophilic (attracted to water).
PLASMA MEMBRANE 1. The plasma membrane is the outermost part of a cell. 2. The main component of the plasma membrane is phospholipids. FIGURE 2.18 A. The phosphate end of the molecule is polar (charged)
More informationCh7: Membrane Structure & Function
Ch7: Membrane Structure & Function History 1915 RBC membranes studied found proteins and lipids 1935 membrane mostly phospholipids 2 layers 1950 electron microscopes supported bilayer idea (Sandwich model)
More informationMaintained by plasma membrane controlling what enters & leaves the cell
CELL TRANSPORT AND HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis Balanced internal condition of cells Also called equilibrium Maintained by plasma membrane controlling what enters & leaves the cell Functions of Plasma Membrane
More informationBSC Exam I Lectures and Text Pages
BSC 2010 - Exam I Lectures and Text Pages I. Intro to Biology (2-29) II. Chemistry of Life Chemistry review (30-46) Water (47-57) Carbon (58-67) Macromolecules (68-91) III. Cells and Membranes Cell structure
More informationChapter 4. Membrane Structure and Function. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 4 Membrane Structure and Function Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 4.1 Plasma Membrane Structure and Function Regulates the entrance
More informationThe Cell Membrane & Movement of Materials In & Out of Cells PACKET #11
1 The Cell Membrane & Movement of Materials In & Out of Cells PACKET #11 Introduction I 2 Biological membranes are phospholipid bilayers with associated proteins. Current data support a fluid mosaic model
More informationTransport: Cell Membrane Structure and Function. Biology 12 Chapter 4
Transport: Cell Membrane Structure and Function Biology 12 Chapter 4 FLUID-MOSAIC MODEL OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURE The cell membrane (plasma membrane) is made of two layers of phospholipid molecules (bilayer)
More informationChapter 4: Cell Membrane Structure and Function
Chapter 4: Cell Membrane Structure and Function Plasma Membrane: Thin barrier separating inside of cell (cytoplasm) from outside environment Function: 1) Isolate cell s contents from outside environment
More informationLecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes
Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes Reading Assignments Read Chapter 11 Membrane Structure Review Chapter 21 pages 709-717 717 (Animal( Cell Adhesion) Review Chapter 12 Membrane Transport Review Chapter
More informationMembrane Structure and Function. Cell Membranes and Cell Transport
Membrane Structure and Function Cell Membranes and Cell Transport 1895 1917 1925 Membrane models Membranes are made of lipids Phospholipids can form membranes Its actually 2 layers - there are proteins
More informationMembrane Structure and Function. Selectively permeable membranes are key to the cell's ability to function
Membrane Structure and Function Selectively permeable membranes are key to the cell's ability to function Amphipathic Molecules Have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions Phospholipids have hydrophilic
More informationTitle: Sep 10 7:59 PM (1 of 36) Ch 3 Cell Organelles and Transport
Title: Sep 10 7:59 PM (1 of 36) Ch 3 Cell Organelles and Transport Title: Sep 10 8:02 PM (2 of 36) Cell organelles Nucleus: contains DNA Title: Sep 10 8:03 PM (3 of 36) Nuclear envelope double membrane
More informationMembrane Structure and Function
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function
More informationCELL MEMBRANES. CELL MEMBRANE- Structure and Function
BIOLOGY 12 CELL MEMBRANES NAME: INTRODUCTION 1. The cell membrane the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. 2. Some types of molecules, particularly molecules, pass freely across the cell membrane
More informationCellular Transport Notes
Cellular Transport Notes About Cell Membranes 1.All cells have a cell membrane a.controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain an internal balance called homeostasis b.provides protection and support
More informationThe Cell. Biology 105 Lecture 4 Reading: Chapter 3 (pages 47 62)
The Cell Biology 105 Lecture 4 Reading: Chapter 3 (pages 47 62) Outline I. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic II. Eukaryotic A. Plasma membrane transport across B. Main features of animal cells and their functions
More informationControlled via the Cell Membrane
CELL TRANSPORT 1 Controlled via the Cell Membrane Passive Transport Does NOT require energy, moves from HIGH concentrations to LOW concentrations Active Transport DOES require energy, moves from LOW concentrations
More informationMembrane Structure and Function
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from
More informationChapter 3: Exchanging Materials with the Environment. Cellular Transport Transport across the Membrane
Chapter 3: Exchanging Materials with the Environment Cellular Transport Transport across the Membrane Transport? Cells need things water, oxygen, balance of ions, nutrients (amino acids, sugars..building
More informationLecture Series 5 Cellular Membranes
Lecture Series 5 Cellular Membranes Cellular Membranes A. Membrane Composition and Structure B. Animal Cell Adhesion C. Passive Processes of Membrane Transport D. Active Transport E. Endocytosis and Exocytosis
More informationTransport. Slide 1 of 47. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
& Transport 1 of 47 Learning Targets TN Standard CLE 3216.1.3 Explain how materials move into and out of cells. CLE 3216.1.5 Investigate how proteins regulate the internal environment of a cell through
More informationA. Membrane Composition and Structure. B. Animal Cell Adhesion. C. Passive Processes of Membrane Transport. D. Active Transport
Cellular Membranes A. Membrane Composition and Structure Lecture Series 5 Cellular Membranes B. Animal Cell Adhesion E. Endocytosis and Exocytosis A. Membrane Composition and Structure The Fluid Mosaic
More informationCh. 5 Homeostasis & Cell Transport
Ch. 5 Homeostasis & Cell Transport 5.1 Homeostasis & Permeability Homeostasis ability of cell to maintain balance needed for life To maintain balance: cells must transport needed materials into cells &
More informationCell Theory. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3.1 7.1 Cell Theory Cells are the basic unit of life. 3.1 7.1 Cell Theory The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists Galileo (1610) made the first microscope Hooke (1665) made up the term
More informationCytoskeleton. Provide shape and support for the cell. Other functions of the cytoskeleton. Nucleolus. Nucleus
Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell. Microtubules (the largest) Intermediate fibers Microfilaments
More informationDraw and label a diagram to show the structure of membranes
2.4 Membranes 2.4.1 - Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of membranes Phospholipid Bilayer - This is arranged with the hydrophilic phosphate heads facing outwards, and the hydrophobic fatty
More informationChapter 5. The Working Cell. Lecture by Richard L. Myers
Chapter 5 The Working Cell PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by Richard L.
More informationMovement of Substances in the Cell
Movement of Substances in the Cell The Marble Memories Biology All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane (also called cell membrane). This membrane regulates the entry and exit of substances into and
More informationHuman Anatomy & Physiology
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Atlantic Cape Community College Ninth Edition Human Anatomy & Physiology C H A P T E R 3 Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images 2013 Pearson Education,
More informationII. Active Transport (move molecules against conc. gradient - cell must expend energy) (uses carrier proteins)
Chapter 5 - Homeostasis and Transport I. Passive Transport (no energy from cell required) A. Diffusion 1. movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration a.
More informationCHAPTER 8 MEMBRANE STUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CHAPTER 8 MEMBRANE STUCTURE AND FUNCTION Plasma Membrane Plasma membrane is selectively permeable, (allowing some substances to cross more easily than others) PM is flexible bends and changes shape
More informationChapter 7: Membranes
Chapter 7: Membranes Roles of Biological Membranes The Lipid Bilayer and the Fluid Mosaic Model Transport and Transfer Across Cell Membranes Specialized contacts (junctions) between cells What are the
More informationCell Size. More Cell Notes. Limits. Why can t organisms be one big giant cell? DNA limits cell size. Diffusion limits cell size
More Cell Notes Pre-AP Biology Cell Size Why are cells so small? Why can t organisms be one big giant cell? Most cells are between 2µm and 200µm A micrometer is 1 millionth of a meter! Too small to be
More informationChapter 7-3 Cell Boundaries
Chapter 7-3 Cell Boundaries The Plasma Membrane: Cell Membrane Regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Provides protection and support. Highly selective barrier!!!! What the plasma membrane is made
More informationCell Structure and Function Practice Exam - KEY
Biology 12 Name: Cell Structure and Function Practice Exam - KEY Cell parts and Function 1. Identify each part of the cell indicated and give one role for each structure in the secretion and/or synthesis
More informationChapter 5. The Working Cell. PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey
Chapter 5 The Working Cell PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Lesson Plans Flipped Classroom
More informationCell Membrane Structure and Function. What is the importance of having a cell membrane?
Cell Membrane Structure and Function What is the importance of having a cell membrane? I. Membrane Structure a. Membranes contain proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates (which are all types of macromolecules)
More informationMembrane Structure & Function (Learning Objectives)
Membrane Structure & Function (Learning Objectives) Review the basic function and biochemical composition of the plasma membrane. Learn the fluid state of membranes and the movement of its lipids and proteins.
More informationCh 4 Cells & Their Environment
Ch 4 Cells & Their Environment Biology Mrs. Stolipher MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Membranes organize the chemical activities of cells Membranes are selectively permeable They control the flow of substances
More informationModern Cell Theory. Plasma Membrane. Generalized Cell Structures. Cellular Form and Function. Three principle parts of a cell
Cellular Form and Function Concepts of cellular structure Cell surface Membrane transport Cytoplasm Modern Cell Theory All living organisms are composed of cells. the simplest structural and functional
More informationUnit 2: More on Matter & Energy in Ecosystems. Macromolecules to Organelles to Cells
IN: Unit 2: More on Matter & Energy in Ecosystems Macromolecules to Organelles to Cells Where are cells on the biological scale? Sub-Atomic Particles Atoms Molecules Macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic
More informationThe Cell Membrane. Why cells must control materials. Living cells must maintain homeostasis for survival.
The Cell Membrane Why cells must control materials Living cells must maintain homeostasis for survival. The cell membrane is the boundary between the cell and its environment. It is the cell membrane s
More informationMembrane Structure and Function
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function
More informationThe Cell and Cellular transport
Cell theory (1838): The Cell 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells, and the life processes of metabolism and heredity occur within these cells. 2. Cells are the smallest living things, the
More informationLecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes. Reading Assignments. Selective and Semi-permeable Barriers
Lecture Series 4 Cellular Membranes Reading Assignments Read Chapter 11 Membrane Structure Review Chapter 12 Membrane Transport Review Chapter 15 regarding Endocytosis and Exocytosis Read Chapter 20 (Cell
More informationChapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function
Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function Concept 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins 1. Phospholipids are amphipathic. Explain what this means. Name Period Amphipathic means
More informationCells: The Living Units
Chapter 3 Part B Cells: The Living Units Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College 3.4 Active Membrane Transport Two major
More informationWhat kind of things must pass into and out of cells?? Be careful not to go too fast.
1. A membrane s molecular organization results in selective permeability What kind of things must pass into and out of cells?? Be careful not to go too fast. Permeability of a molecule through a membrane
More informationCELL MEMBRANE & CELL TRANSPORT (PASSIVE and ACTIVE) Webquest
Name: Period: CELL MEMBRANE & CELL TRANSPORT (PASSIVE and ACTIVE) Webquest PART I: CELL MEMBRANES WEBSITE #1: http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=ap1101 1. What is the BASIC UNIT of LIFE?
More information