10/3/2016. SUPERSIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF the CARDIAC DIET. What is a cardiac diet. If it tastes good, spit it out!!

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Chester McKenzie
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1 SUPERSIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF the CARDIAC DIET What is a cardiac diet If it tastes good, spit it out!! 2 1

Limiting alcohol Limiting added sugars 3 TOTAL FAT LIMIT?

2 Heart healthy diet includes: Limiting saturated fat Including unsaturated fats Including omega 3 fats Avoiding trans fats Increasing fiber Limiting sodium Limiting alcohol Limiting added sugars 3 TOTAL FAT LIMIT??? Recommendations range from 20 to 40% of total calories Type of fat more important than total fat 4 2

3 SATURATED FAT General recommendations range from 5-10% of total calories Found in animal products, tropical oils (coconut and palm) Generally solid at room temperature Raises LDL cholesterol 5 REDUCING SATURATED FATS Reduce intake of red meat Reduce fatty cuts of meat, processed meats, fried foods, poultry skin Limit meat, fish, poultry, cheese and eggs to 6 ounces daily Choose low fat dairy foods Avoid hard fats for cooking and adding 6 3

FATTY ACIDS Beneficial for CVD Food sources: fatty fish-salmon, sardines, trout, herring,

4 UNSATURATED FATS Polyunsaturated: plant based vegetable oil sources (corn, safflower, sunflower), seeds Monounsaturated: olive, canola and peanut oils, nuts, olives 7 OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS Beneficial for CVD Food sources: fatty fish-salmon, sardines, trout, herring, flaxseed, walnuts, canola oil, soybeans Recommend 2 servings weekly FDA 4 gms/day for prescription tx 8 4

TRANS FATS Less than 1% of calories or as little as possible in diet Raises LDL and lowers HDL Hydrogenated oils Some occur naturally Found in some margarine, snack crackers and cookies, fried foods,

5 TRANS FATS Less than 1% of calories or as little as possible in diet Raises LDL and lowers HDL Hydrogenated oils Some occur naturally Found in some margarine, snack crackers and cookies, fried foods, bakery cakes & cookies 9 REDUCING TRANS FATS Avoid fast foods Avoid/limit bakery items Avoid stick margarines Read ingredient list on tub margarines, snack crackers and cookies-avoid hydrogenated oils 10 5

Label reading for trans fats 11 DIETARY CHOLESTEROL Increases total serum cholesterol levels Not as significant as SFA and trans fats AHA recommends 200-300

6 Label reading for trans fats 11 DIETARY CHOLESTEROL Increases total serum cholesterol levels Not as significant as SFA and trans fats AHA recommends mg daily Only found in animal products Highest in egg yolks, organ meats, shellfish TMAO - higher serum levels associated with higher risk of MI and stroke 12 6

FIBER Soluble and insoluble Only found in plant sources Soluble decreases LDL levels-oats, legumes/beans Associated with decreased risk of CHD Recommended daily intake is 14 gms per 1000 calories

7 FIBER Soluble and insoluble Only found in plant sources Soluble decreases LDL levels-oats, legumes/beans Associated with decreased risk of CHD Recommended daily intake is 14 gms per 1000 calories (25-36 gms daily) 13 INCREASING DIETARY FIBER Include whole grain breads, cereals, pasta, rice Include a minimum of 5 servings total of fruits and vegetables daily Include beans, lentils, nuts, seeds 14 7

death 15 LOWERING DIETARY SODIUM No added salt at table or in cooking Avoid visible

8 SODIUM General population: <2300 mg daily High intake associated with HTN, CVD 1500 to 2000 mg daily: HTN, CKD, HF Reduction associated with decreased risk of CV events, death 15 LOWERING DIETARY SODIUM No added salt at table or in cooking Avoid visible salt on foods Limit/avoid processed foods Eat more fresh Use sodium free herbs and spices 16 8

9 ALCOHOL Small amounts: lower risks of morbidity and mortality from CHD vs nondrinkers Large amounts increase triglycerides moderation is one drink daily for women or small men or two drinks daily for men: 3-4 ounces of wine, 12 ounces of beer or 1-1 ½ ounces of liquor 17 ADDED SUGARS Dietary guidelines suggest: 100 calories per day from sugar for women and 150 for men (6-9 tsp.) Excess amounts raise triglyceride levels Empty calories Includes all forms of added sugars 18 9

10 SUMMARY Randomized evidence suggests that dietary interventions improve outcomes in patients with established CVD 19 SUMMARY: diet guidelines Lean poultry, fish 2 x wk, legumes, meatless meals Limit red meats, avoid processed meat Low fat dairy use non tropical oils, nuts Include a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole grains 20 10

11 SUMMARY: diet guidelines cont. Limit/avoid processed foods Limit sodium with HTN, CKD, HF Limit sweets, sugar, sweetened drinks Alcohol in moderation 21 MY PLATE METHOD 22 11

12 What diets include these guidelines? American Heart Association Mediterranean DASH Low fat vegetarian Dietary guidelines for Americans 23 THANK YOU! 24 12

Heart Healthy Nutrition. Mary Cassio, RD Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Heart Healthy Nutrition. Mary Cassio, RD Cardiac Rehabilitation Program Heart Healthy Nutrition Mary Cassio, RD Cardiac Rehabilitation Program Today s Topics Healthy Eating Guidelines Eating Well with Canada s Food Guide Balanced Eating Heart Healthy Nutrition Increased blood