A Rapid Method for Trans-Fatty Acid Determination Using a Single Capillary GC Seiichi Shirasawa, Akiko Sasaki, Yasue Saida and Chiemi Satoh
|
|
- Whitney Goodman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of Oleo Science Copyright 2007 by Japan Oil Chemists Society A Rapid Method for Trans-Fatty Acid Determination Using a Single Capillary GC Seiichi Shirasawa, Akiko Sasaki, Yasue Saida and Chiemi Satoh Division of Analytical Science, Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. (1-Banchi, Shinmei-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa, , JAPAN) Abstract: A rapid analytical method for trans-fatty acid determination using a single capillary column was developed, and an isothermal condition for separating cis/trans-isomers with 30- to 60-m columns depending on the contents of the trans-fatty acids was established. Under the established conditions, analysis of trans-fatty acids was completed in 20 min for non-hydrogenated oils low in trans-fatty acids and in 40 min for hydrogenated oils rich in trans-fatty acids. The results were virtually the same as those obtained by the AOCS official method with a 100-m column. By correcting with molecular weights of fatty acid methyl esters and free fatty acids, it was confirmed that the analytical data were the same as those obtained by quantitative analysis using an internal standard. It is anticipated that this proposed method can be applied in a similar way to the AOCS official method, particularly in quality control processes. Key words: trans-fatty acid, fatty acid analysis, capillary column, gas chromatography, stationary phase, hydrogenated oil 1 INTRODUCTION Trans-fatty acids are known to increase serum LDLcholesterol and decrease HDL-cholesterol 1,2). Consequently, excessive intake of trans-fatty acids increases the risk of cardiovascular disease 1,2). Therefore, much attention is focused on the consumption of trans-fatty acids worldwide, and regulations or compulsory claims for trans-fatty acids are instituted in Denmark 3), the USA 4), and Canada 5). This raised awareness of trans-fatty acids requires precise and convenient methods for analysis of commercial products. Analytical methods currently available for transfatty acids include gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy, and AgNO 3 -TLC-GC 6). Among these methods, GC has recently been used predominantly because of its convenience and sensitivity. Bis cyanopropyl polysiloxane or bis cyanopropylsiloxane polysilphenylene stationary phases are usually employed in GC for analyzing transfatty acids in correspondence with the need for high resolution among fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) peaks 7,8). : GC, gas chromatograph; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; MS, mass spectrometer; AOCS, the American Oil Chemists Society; AOAC, the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists; TLC, thin layer chromatography; ECL, equivalent chain length There are a number of official analytical methods using these stationary phases, such as the AOAC 9) and AOCS methods 10). The AOCS official GC method has been revised in conjunction with the enforcement of compulsory indication in the USA 11). Although this method is highly precise, it has problems such as a longer analysis time because of its column length of 100 m, difficulty in peak identification due to the bis cyanopropyl polysiloxane stationary phase, and greater economic burden due mainly to use of an expensive standard, triheneicosanoin. Thus, a more convenient GC method is desirable, particularly for the purpose of quality control. Therefore, an analytical GC method using a shorter column without the standard reagent was developed, and its accuracy was confirmed by comparison with the AOCS method. 2 EXPERIMENTAL 2 1 All test samples (soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated palm oil, and hydrogenated cottonseed oil) were obtained as commercially available purified edible oils. C18:2 (Cat. No ) and Correspondence to: Seiichi Shirasawa, Division of Analytical Science, Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd., 1-Banchi, Shinmei-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa , JAPAN s-shirasawa@nisshin-oillio.com Accepted September 19, 2006 (received for review July 24, 2006) Journal of Oleo Science ISSN print / ISSN online 53
2 S. Shirasawa, A. Sasaki, Y. Saida et al. C18:3 (Cat. No ) FAME isomer mix reagents for identification of the retention time were purchased from Supelco Inc. (Bellefonte, PA). Heptadecanoic acid (Tokyo Kasei, Tokyo) was used as an internal standard. Other reagents used were all of reagent grade purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tokyo. 2 2 Analyses of FAME were carried out on an HP6890 gas chromatographic system equipped with a flame-ionization detector (FID) and a split injector (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). Three types of capillary column were used for comparison: two TC70 TM capillary columns (30 m and 60 m 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm thickness; GL-Science, Tokyo), and a SP2560 TM capillary column (100 m 0.25 mm, 0.20 mm thickness; Supelco Inc. Bellefonte, PA). The GC-MS device used for peak identification was an HP5973 MSD (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). 2 3 Methyl-esterification of samples used in the analyses was performed by the BF 3 -MeOH method 12) after alkaline hydrolysis. To 20 mg of sample oils were added 2 ml of 0.5 mol/l NaOH-methanol solution, and the mixture was heated at 100 for 7 min. After cooling, 3 ml of 14% BF 3 - MeOH reagent was added, and the vessel was sealed and heated at 100 for 5 min. After cooling, 2 ml of hexane and 7 ml of saturated NaCl solution were added, followed by a thorough shaking. The resulting hexane layer was used as a sample solution for GC. Two milligrams of internal standard was added as a chloroform solution before esterification, and the solvent was removed under nitrogen. 2 4 FAME peaks were identified by comparing their retention times with those of predetermined FAME standards and those of the AgNO 3 -TLC fraction of hydrogenated soybean oil. GC-MS analyses were performed under conditions identical to that of GC-FID when necessary. MS spectra were obtained at an ionization energy of 70eV, range width m/z , interface temperature 240, and ion source temperature 230. The contents of trans-fatty acids were calculated both by composition analysis using an integrator and quantitative analysis using heptadecanoic acid as an internal standard. The following FAME peaks were identified as trans-isomers: C16:1t, C18:1t, C18:2t, C18:3t, and C20:1t. Trans-fatty acids were expressed as percentages rounded to the first decimal place. 3 RESULTS The GC conditions were set based on analysis at constant temperature that allowed a high peak resolution. shows a comparison of the GC conditions applied. With respect to TC70 TM columns, the GC conditions were set based on the best resolution for C18:1 isomers by comparison with chromatograms of the AgNO 3 -TLC fraction 13) of hydrogenated soybean oil obtained under multiple oven temperature conditions and optimal carrier flow rates as determined from the Van Deemter curve 14). The analyses Table 1 Methods Examined. Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 1) Column TC-70 TM (GL-Science) SP-2560 TM (Supelco Inc.) Stationary phase bis cyanopropylsiloxane polysilphenylene bis cyanopropyl polysiloxane Length 30 m 60 m 100 m Internal diameter 0.25 mm 0.25 mm Film thickness 0.25 mm 0.20 mm Temperature ) Inj/Det 250 / /250 Carrier gas 1 ml/min (Helium) 1 ml/min (Helium) Split ratio 100:1 100:1 Inject volume 3) 1 ml 1 ml Runtime 18 min 40 min 74 min 1) Control test : AOCS Ce1h-05 2) 180 (60 min) - (10 /min) (10min) 3) 1% oil in hexane 54
3 GC Analysis of Trans-fatty Acid were continued until C24:1 methyl ester was eluted. Analysis times required for elution of C24:1 methyl ester were 20 and 40 min for TC70 TM (30 m) and TC70 TM (60 m), respectively. Analyses with SP2560 TM were performed according to AOCS Ce1h-05 11). However, SP2560 TM required as long as 95 min for elution under isothermal GC conditions. Therefore, a temperature program was introduced after isothermal analysis (180 ) for 45 min. FAME peaks were primarily identified by comparing the retention times with those of the FAME standards analyzed concomitantly using GC-MS. In confirmation with GC-MS, carbon number and unsaturation degree were determined from molecular ions, and cis/trans geometrical isomers were identified using the characteristic elution patterns of the stationary phase for reference. shows the chromatograms obtained under the three GC conditions. summarizes the experimental ECL values of peaks shown in. ECL values were determined using the retention times of C16:0 (peak a) and C18:0 (peak d) in each method. In methods 1 and 2, which used the same stationary phase, ECL values were nearly equal. However, because peak elution was fast, C18:3c (peak j) and C20:0 (peak k) overlapped in Method 1. In Method 3, C18:3t (peak i) and C20:1t (peak l) overlap was confirmed by GC-MS analyses. shows the result of analyses repeated six times for rapeseed oil with a low trans-fatty acid content and for hydrogenated soybean oil with a high trans-fatty acid content. All three GC conditions showed a good coefficient of variation (C.V.; ). This result indicated that peak separation and integration were both satisfactorily. shows the results of GC analyses of the transfatty acid contents of seven edible oils with different transfatty acid contents. For the sample oils A, B and C, equivalent values were obtained among the three methods. It was clear that the same value was reproducible using the TC70 TM (30 m) column, which allowed rapid analysis (Method 1), as that obtained using the SP2560 TM column, which required a long analytical time (Method 3), when samples were non-hydrogenated oils with a low trans-fatty acid content and a narrow distribution range of positional Fig. 1 The C16 - C20 Regions of Gas Chromatograms of FAMEs from Rapeseed Oil (Solid Line) and Hydrogenated Soybean Oil (Dotted Line). Peak Identification: a, C16:0; b, C16:1t; c, C16:1c; d, C18:0; e, C18:1t; f, C18:1c; g, C18:2t; h, C18:2c; i, C18:3t; j, C18:3c; k, C20:0; l, C20:1t; and m, C20:1c. Table 2 Equivalent Chain Length (ECL) Values of FAMEs. ECL Peak 1) FAME Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 a 16: b 16:1t c 16:1c d 18: e 18:1t f 18:1c g 18:2t h 18:2c i 18:3t j 18:3c k 20: l 20:1t m 20:1c ) Peak a - m were indicated in Fig.1. 55
4 S. Shirasawa, A. Sasaki, Y. Saida et al. Rapeseed Oil Hydrogenated Oil Table 3 All data were described as area%, n=6. 1) C.V., Coefficient of variation. Precision Data. Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Average C.V. 1) Average C.V. 1) Average C.V. 1) C16:1t C18:1t C18:2t C18:3t C20:1t Total Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Average C.V. 1) Average C.V. 1) Average C.V. 1) C16:1t C18:1t C18:2t C18:3t C20:1t Total Table 4 Trans-fatty Acid Contents by Three Methods. Sample A Sample B Sample C Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 C16:1t C18:1t C18:2t C18:3t C20:1t Total Sample D Sample E Sample F Sample G Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 C16:1t C18:1t C18:2t C18:3t C20:1t Total All data were described as area %. Sample A, rapeseed oil; B, soybean oil; C, palm oil; D, hydrogenated palm oil; E, hydrogenated cottonseed oil; F and G, hydrogenated soybean oil. 56
5 GC Analysis of Trans-fatty Acid Table 5 Quantitative Analysis and Composition Analysis. Quantitation 1) (g/100g) Composition analysis 2) (%) Corrected 3) (g/100g) Soybean oil Rapeseed oil Hydrogenated Oil A Hydrogenated Oil B Hydrogenated Oil C Hydrogenated Oil D GLC condition of Method 2 was applied for this examination. Hydrogenated Oil A, hydrogenated palm oil; B, hydrogenated cottonseed oil; C and D, hydrogenated soybean oil. 1)Quantitative analysis using C17:0 FFA internal standard. Calculation : sum of trans area counts weight of internal standard/c17:0 area count/weight of test sample )Composition analysis using FAME peak area size on chromatogram (area%) 3)Corrected by a factor for conversion of FAME to FFA (area% FFA MW/FAME MW). Example: Conversion factor for calculation of C18:1t is, C18:1 FFA MW, 282.5/C18:1 FAME MW, = isomers. Some degrees of deviation were found for the sample oils D to G, which contained higher levels of trans-fatty acids (all samples were hydrogenated). Particularly, the deviations became greater with an increasing trans-fatty acid content, as shown in Methods 1 and 3. However, the extent of deviation between Methods 2 and 3 was less than 10%. Based on these results, it was clear that a column of 60 m or longer is required for analysis of hydrogenated oils, in contrast to the case of non-hydrogenated oils, for which a column of approximately 30 m is satisfactorily applicable. As shown in, in the analysis of sample oils F and G, C20:1t was detected using both Methods 1 and 2, and C18:3t and C20:1t were independently detected when the TC70 TM column was employed. However, these peaks were not detected by Method 3. It seems likely that C18:3t and C20:1t were indistinct on the SP2560 TM column, because these peaks and C20:1c substantially overlapped, and/or there is a possibility that these peaks became broad due to the length of the column, 100 m in this case. Quantitative results obtained using the standard substance (heptadecanoic acid) and results from the established analysis using Method 2 were compared ( ), and it was found that the former were lower than the latter. This was attributed to the difference in molecular weight between free fatty acids and FAMEs; the quantitative analytical data were expressed as free fatty acids, whereas the analytical data were expressed as FAMEs. Therefore, correction for molecular weight was performed by multiplying the peak areas from each FAME detected in the chromatogram by a conversion factor (molecular weight of free fatty acid/molecular weight of FAME). As a result of this correction, the values from the currently established method and those from quantitative analyses were virtually equivalent in all samples. 4 DISCUSSION In this study, experiments were performed primarily using columns with a bis cyanopropylsiloxane polysilphenylene stationary phase. This stationary phase characteristically elutes each FAME in the order C18:3t, C18:3c, C20:0 and C20:1 7). Therefore, the disadvantage of possibly mistaking C18:3t for C20:1, which might occur when the bis cyanopropyl polysiloxane stationary phase is used, can be eliminated, and the presence of C20:1t can be definitively ascertained. The most ideal analytical method would be one that has both convenient operating conditions and easy data interpretation, so that variations in operator skill can be eliminated. In this regard, the analytical conditions employed in our new method are considered to be useful. Nevertheless, the peaks of C20:0 and C18:3c may sometimes overlap depending on the column and operating conditions using this stationary phase. Even so, however, calculation of the trans-fatty acid content does not come into question. Since confirmation of saturated fatty acids is as 57
6 S. Shirasawa, A. Sasaki, Y. Saida et al. important as that of trans-fatty acids, it is very likely that simultaneous analysis will be required. It is therefore necessary to ensure separation of these peaks using appropriate reference standards. In this study we compared the results obtained by compositional and quantitative analyses and showed that the deviations between the two procedures could be minimized after molecular weight adjustment. Quantitative analysis is basically employed for labeling the ingredient contents of products, but a more convenient and reliable method is required for routine process control or product management. The present results suggest that it is desirable to introduce composition analysis in addition to quantitative analysis without complex operations and difficulties in managing quantitative standards. The method we have established in this study appears to satisfy these requirements from the standpoint of quality control. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We are grateful to Reiko Ogawado for technical assistance in this study. 1. Zock, P.L.; Katan, M.B. Trans Fatty Acids, Lipoproteins, and Coronary Risk. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 75, (1997). 2. Mozaffarian, D.; Katan, M.B.; Ascherio, A.; Stampfer, M.J.; Willett, W.C. Trans Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, (2006). 3. Stender, S.; Dyerberg, J. The Influence of Trans Fatty Acids on Health. 4th edn. The Danish Nutrition Council. pp (2003). 4. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Food Labeling: Trans Fatty Acids in Nutrition Labeling, Nutrient Content Claims, and Health Claims. Federal Register. 68, No July ; 21 CFR Part Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2003 Guide to Food Labelling and Advertising. guide/toce.shtml 6. Ratnayake, W.M.N. Analysis of Dietary Trans Fatty Acids. J. Oleo Sci. 50, (2001). 7. Duchateau, G.S.M.J.E.; Oosten, H.J.V.; Vasconcellos, M.A. Analysis of cis- and trans-fatty Acid Isomers in Hydrogenated and Refined Vegetable Oils by Capillary Gas-Liquid Chromatography. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73, (1996). 8. Ratnayake, W.M.N.; Plouffe, L.J.; Pasquier, E.; Gagnon, C. Temperature-Sensitive Resolution of cis- and trans- Fatty Acid Isomers of Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils on SP2560 and CP-Sil 88 Capillary Columns. J. AOAC Int. 85, (2002). 9. Fat (Total, Saturated, and Unsaturated) in Food. AOAC Official Method , (2001). 10. Determination of cis- and trans- Fatty Acids in Hydrogenated and Refined Oils and Fats by Capillary GLC. AOCS Official Method Ce 1f-96 (2002). 11. Determination of cis-, trans-, Saturated, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Vegetable or Non-ruminant Animal Oils and Fats by Capillary GLC, AOCS Official Method Ce 1h-05 (2005). 12. Preparations of Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids. AOCS Official Method Ce 2-66 (1997). 13. Mono-trans Fatty Acids (Silver-Ion Thin Layer Chromatography-Gas Chromatography). Standard Methods for the Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Materials. (Japan Oil Chem. Soc. ed.) zan (2003). 14. Ingraham, D.F.; Shoemaker, C.F.; Jennings, W. Computer Comparisons of Variables in Capillary Gas Chromatography. J. HRC & CC. 5, (1982). 58
Rapid Analysis of 37 FAMEs with the Agilent 8860 Gas Chromatograph
Application Note Food Rapid Analysis of 37 FAMEs with the Agilent 88 Gas Chromatograph Author Youjuan Zhang Agilent Technologies (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 131 P. R. China Abstract An Agilent 88 GC
More informationRapid Separation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Application Note Food Testing & Agriculture Rapid Separation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using DB-FastFAME Intuvo GC columns Author Yun Zou Agilent Technologies (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200131 P. R.
More informationDETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN EDIBLE OILS BY CAPILARY GC
DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN EDIBLE OILS BY CAPILARY GC Vesna Kostik 1 University Goce Delcev Stip Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacy 1 WHY FATTY ACID (FA) ANALYSIS IN EDIBLE OILS The content
More informationAutomated Sample Preparation for FAME Analysis in Edible Oils Using an Agilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench
Automated Sample Preparation for FAME Analysis in Edible Oils Using an Agilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench Application Note Authors Rima Juskelis and Jack Cappozzo Institute for Food Safety and Health
More informationTrans Fat Determination in the Industrially Processed Edible Oils By Transmission FT-IR Spectroscopy By
Trans Fat Determination in the Industrially Processed Edible Oils By Transmission FT-IR Spectroscopy By Dr. Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi E-mail: tufail_sherazi@yahoo.com National Center of Excellence in
More informationInterested in conducting your own webinar?
Interested in conducting your own webinar? Email webinars@bnpmedia.com An Automated System for the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in edible oils Institute for Food Safety and Health Illinois
More informationImproving the Analysis of 37 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Application Note Food Testing Improving the Analysis of 37 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using Three Types of Capillary GC columns Authors Yun Zou Agilent Technologies (Shanghai) Co.Ltd, Shanghai 200131 P.R.China
More informationHighly Reproducible Detailed cis/trans FAMEs Analysis Ensured by New Optimized Rt-2560 Column Manufacturing and Application-Specific QC Test
Highly Reproducible Detailed cis/trans FAMEs Analysis Ensured by New Optimized Rt-2560 Manufacturing and Application-Specific QC Test By Kristi Sellers and Rebecca Stevens Restek s Rt-2560 GC column is
More informationColumn Selection for the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Application
Column Selection for the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Application Food Analysis Authors Frank David Research Institute for Chromatography President Kennedy Park B- Kortrijk, Belgium Pat Sandra
More informationChromatography Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
Application Note Differentiation and Determination Differentiation and Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl of Fatty Esters Acid by Gas Methyl Chromatography Esters by Vacuum Gas Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
More informationDETERMINATION OF COMPOSITION OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AND COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF DI-ACYLGLYCEROLS BY CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, IN VEGETABLE OILS
INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL COI/T.20/Doc. No 32 November 2013 ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH Príncipe de Vergara, 154 28002 Madrid España Telef.: +34 915 903 638 Fax: +34 915 631 263 - e-mail: iooc@internationaloliveoil.org
More informationAppNote 3/2013. Automated Determination of Total Fat, Saturated Fat, Monounsaturated Fat and Trans Fat Content in Food Samples KEYWORDS ABSTRACT
AppNote 3/2013 Automated Determination of Total Fat, Saturated Fat, Monounsaturated Fat and Trans Fat Content in Food Samples John R. Stuff, Jackie A. Whitecavage GERSTEL, Inc., 701 Digital Dr. Suite J,
More informationAnalysis of Omega 3 and Omega 6 FAMEs in Fish Oil and Animal Fat Using an Agilent J&W DB-FATWAX Ultra Inert GC Column
Application Note Food Analysis of Omega 3 and Omega 6 FAMEs in Fish Oil and Animal Fat Using an Agilent J&W DB-FATWAX Ultra Inert GC Column Authors Ingrid Van Der Meer, Yun Zou, and Gustavo Serrano Agilent
More informationNUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTED WHEAT GERM OIL
NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTED WHEAT GERM OIL Nurhan Turgut Dunford 1* and Jose L. Martinez 2 1 Oklahoma State University, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Food
More informationAutomated Sample Preparation for Profiling Fatty Acids in Blood and Plasma using the Agilent 7693 ALS
Automated Sample Preparation for Profiling Fatty Acids in Blood and Plasma using the Agilent 7693 ALS Application Note Clinical Research Authors Frank David and Bart Tienpont, Research Institute for Chromatography,
More informationINTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL
INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL COI/T.20/Doc. No 33/Rev.1 ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH Príncipe de Vergara, 154 28002 Madrid España Telef.: +34 915 903 638 Fax: +34 915 631 263 - e-mail: iooc@internationaloliveoil.org
More informationTHE EFFECT OF REFINING STEP ON THE CHANGES IN VISCOSITY VALUES OF VEGETABLE OILS
Genetic diversity in chestnuts of Kashmir valley Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 50(3), 421-425; 2013 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 http://www.pakjas.com.pk THE EFFECT OF REFINING STEP ON THE
More informationFATTY ACID COMPONENT OF SENEGAL MANATEE FATS
FATTY ACID COMPONENT OF SENEGAL MANATEE FATS SHINGO ITOH AND HIDEO TSUYUKI Departmeni of Food Engineering, College of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Nikon Universiry, Tokyo. ABSTRACT The fats in cerviel,
More informationConcentrating Alpha-tocopherol from Oil Byproduct with Supercritical Methanol and CO 2
Concentrating Alpha-tocopherol from Oil Byproduct with Supercritical Methanol and CO 2 Tao Fang, Wahyudiono, Motonobu Goto *, Mitsuru Sasaki Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University,
More informationAS Application Note 1602
Determination of the fatty acid composition in refined oils and fats by alkaline transesterification by the ASAN 1602 Status: February 2018 Page 1 / 12 Introduction Animal and vegetable fats play a key
More informationNEW! 200 m GC Columns for Detailed Analysis of cis/trans FAME Isomers
Order: 00--00 (U.S.) -- (Global) NEW! 00 m GC Columns for Detailed Analysis of cis/trans FAME Isomers Leonard M. Sidisky, R&D Manager; and Michael D. Buchanan, Product Manager mike.buchanan@sial.com Over
More informationAnalysis of the fatty acids from Periploca sepium by GC-MS and GC-FID
Analysis of the fatty acids from Periploca sepium by GC-MS and GC-FID Ling Tong, Lei Zhang, Shuanghui Yu, Xiaohui Chen, Kaishun Bi * Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road
More informationA MODIFICATION OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MILK FAT
1014 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 22 (No 6) 2016, 1014 1020 Agricultural Academy A MODIFICATION OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MILK FAT G.
More informationAnalysis of FAMEs Using Cold EI GC/MS for Enhanced Molecular Ion Selectivity
APPLICATION NOTE Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry Author: Adam Patkin PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT Analysis of FAMEs Using GC/MS for Enhanced Molecular Ion Selectivity Introduction Characterization
More informationEszopiclone (Lunesta ): An Analytical Profile
Eszopiclone (Lunesta ): An Analytical Profile Roxanne E. Franckowski, M.S.* and Robert A. Thompson, Ph.D. U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration Special Testing and Research Laboratory
More informationThermal induction of 9t12t linoleic acid: A new pathway for the formation of Conjugated Linoleic Acids
Thermal induction of 9t12t linoleic acid: A new pathway for the formation of Conjugated Linoleic Acids Alfred A. Christy, Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering and science, University of Agder,
More informationAnalysis of Triglycerides of Soybean Oil by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with Gas Liquid Chromatography
Analysis of Triglycerides of Soybean Oil by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with Gas Liquid Chromatography Shun WADA, Chiaki KOIZUMI, and Junsaku NONAKA Tokyo University of Fisheries,
More informationMeasurement and comparison of trans fatty acids amount in some of the vegetable oils, frying oils and animal and vegetable fats in Iran
Int. J. Bio-Inorg. Hybr. Nanomater., 7(1): 59-64, Spring 218 Measurement and comparison of trans fatty acids amount in some of the vegetable s, frying s and animal and vegetable fats in Iran N. Vasei Chaharmahali
More informationFractionation of cis and trans Fatty Acid Isomers for Food Samples Analysis with Hexane/Acetone on Silver SPE Material
Fractionation of cis and trans Fatty Acid Isomers for Food Samples Analysis with Hexane/Acetone on Silver SPE Material Craig Aurand, Olga Shimelis, An Trinh, Len Sidisky, and Michael Ye Supelco, Div. of
More informationAutomated Analysis and Quantitation of Fish Oil Supplements using the MIDI Sherlock Marine Oil Analysis Package
125 Sandy Drive, Newark, Delaware 19713 USA tel: 302-737-4297 fax: 302-737-7781 www.midi-inc.com Automated Analysis and Quantitation of Fish Oil Supplements using the MIDI Sherlock Marine Oil Analysis
More informationADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES
ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN: 1995-0772 Published BYAENSI Publication EISSN: 1998-1090 http://www.aensiweb.com/anas 2017 June 11(8): pages 604-612 Open Access Journal Determination Of
More informationTitle. Author(s)Nakamura, Yutarou; Shimizu, Kana; Ando, Yasuhiro. Citation 北海道大学水産科学研究彙報, 64(1): Issue Date Doc URL.
Title Gas Chromatographic Equivalent Chain Length (ECL) Va Liquid Column, SLB-IL111 Author(s)Nakamura, Yutarou; Shimizu, Kana; Ando, Yasuhiro Citation 北海道大学水産科学研究彙報, 64(1): 9-16 Issue Date 2014-03-14 Doc
More informationFATTY ACID PROFILING BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE SHERLOCK MIS
FATTY ACID PROFILING BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE SHERLOCK MIS Traditional gas chromatography of complex mixtures of compounds requires precision on the part of the chromatography equipment and considerable
More informationDetermination of Triglycerides and Waxes in Food Products Using Cool On-Column Injection and the MET- Biodiesel Capillary Column
Page 1 of 6 Page 1 of 6 Return to Web Version Determination of Triglycerides and Waxes in Food Products Using Cool On-Column Injection and the MET- Biodiesel Capillary Column By: Michael D. Buchanan, Reporter
More informationAnalysis of Organic Acids and Alcohols Using the Agilent J&W DB-624UI Ultra Inert GC Column
Analysis of Organic Acids and Alcohols Using the Agilent J&W DB-624UI Ultra Inert GC Column Application Note Food Testing & Agriculture Authors Pat Sasso and Ken Lynam Agilent Technologies, Inc. Abstract
More informationDetermination of Adulterants in Olive Oil Analysis of Waxes and Fatty Acid Methyl and Ethyl Esters with Capillary GC and Agilent OpenLAB Software
Determination of Adulterants in Olive Oil Analysis of Waxes and Fatty Acid Methyl and Ethyl Esters with Capillary GC and Agilent OpenLAB Software Application Note Food Testing and Agriculture Authors Ingrid
More informationVOLUNTARY MONOGRAPH. Council for Responsible Nutrition March 2006
VOLUNTARY MONOGRAPH Council for Responsible Nutrition March 2006 Omega-3 DHA Omega-3 EPA Omega-3 DHA & EPA DEFINITION Omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, consist of the all cis forms of 5, 8, 11, 14, 17-eicosapentaenoic
More informationImproved Analysis of Fatty Acids by Capillary GC columns based on Ionic Liquids F. Michel, L.M. Sidisky, M.D. Buchanan, G.A. Baney, Y. Ni,J.L.
Improved Analysis of Fatty Acids by Capillary GC columns based on Ionic Liquids F. Michel, L.M. Sidisky, M.D. Buchanan, G.A. Baney, Y. Ni,J.L. Desorcie, and K.K. Stenerson O Introduction HO CH 3 CH 3 HO
More informationCharacterization of Fatty Acid Isomers in Dehydrated Castor Oil by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Techniques
Characterization of Fatty Acid Isomers in Dehydrated Castor Oil by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Techniques ABSTRACT: Fatty acid isomers present in dehydrated castor oil were
More informationLutein Esters from Tagetes Erecta
Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Lutein Esters from Tagetes Erecta This monograph was also published in: Compendium
More informationSeparation of 37 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Utilizing a High-Efficiency 10 m Capillary GC Column with Optimization in Three Carrier Gases
APPLICATION NOTE Separation of 37 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Utilizing a High-Efficiency 10 m Capillary GC Column with Optimization in Three Carrier Gases No. 21557 Aaron L. Lamb Thermo Fisher Scientific,
More informationDeodorization of Vegetable Oils: Prediction of trans Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content
Deodorization of Vegetable Oils: Prediction of trans Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content Z. Kemény a, *, K. Recseg a, G. Hénon b, K. Kővári a, and F. Zwobada b Eridania Béghin-Say Group, a Cereol Group
More informationLipids Analysis. Lipids
Lipids Analysis Stephen Barnes 3 5 15 Lipids Lipids are mostly very hydrophobic Most are conjugates of fatty acids of a variety of chain lengths, which have different degrees of unsaturation, cis trans
More informationThis document is a preview generated by EVS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12966-1 First edition 2014-12-01 Animal and vegetable fats and oils Gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters Part 1: Guidelines on modern gas chromatography of fatty acid
More informationOverview of the food science behind fatty acid technology
Overview of the food science behind fatty acid technology Pamela J. White, Ph.D. Food Chemist/Scientist Food Science and Human Nutrition Dept. & Center for Crops Utilization Research Iowa State University
More informationApplication Note. Authors. Abstract. Petrochemical
Fast screening of impurities in biodiesel using the Agilent 160 Infinity Analytical SFC System in combination with evaporative light scattering detection Application Note Petrochemical Authors Maria Rambla-Alegre,
More informationA comparison study of the analysis of volatile organic acids and fatty acids
Application Note Food Testing A comparison study of the analysis of volatile organic acids and fatty acids Using DB-FATWAX Ultra Inert and other WAX GC columns Author Yun Zou Agilent Technologies (Shanghai)
More informationZillillah, a Guowei Tan, a,b and Zhi Li* a,b. 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore Fax: ; Tel:
Highly Active, Stable, and Recyclable Magnetic Nano-size Solid Acid Catalysts: Efficient Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Grease to Produce Biodiesel Zillillah, a Guowei Tan, a,b and Zhi Li* a,b a
More informationAOAC Official Method Determination of Labeled Fatty Acids Content in Milk Products and Infant Formula
AOAC Official Method 2012.13 Determination of Labeled Fatty Acids Content in Milk Products and Infant Formula Capillary Gas Chromatography First Action 2012 A. Scope The method involves the quantification
More informationImpact of trans fats on health EFSA s work related to trans Fatty acids
Setting the scene Impact of trans fats on health EFSA s work related to trans Fatty acids Prof. Ambroise Martin Member of the EFSA WG on DRVs (former chair 2006-2015) and NDA Panel 2006-2015 (former chair
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018, 10(8): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018, 10(8): 17-24 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Effect of UV Irradiation on Conjugated Linoleic
More informationMethods and Materials
Introduction Esterified and free forms of 2MCPD, 3MCPD and glycidol (Figure 1) are heatinduced contaminants found in various types of processed food. [1] Following ingestion, esterified forms of these
More informationEvaluating the Isolation and Quantification of Sterols in Seed Oils by Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary Gas Liquid Chromatography
7 LCGC VOLUME 8 NUMBER NOVEMBER 000 www.chromatographyonline.com Evaluating the Isolation and Quantification of Sterols in Seed Oils by Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary Gas Liquid Chromatography Traditional
More informationFATS & OILS GLOSSARY
FATS & OILS GLOSSARY Antioxidant A substance that slows or interferes with the reaction of a fat or oil with oxygen. The addition of antioxidants to fats or foods containing them retard rancidity and increases
More informationFractionation of Trans from Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil Fatty Acids
Fractionation of Trans from Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil Fatty Acids Ram Chandra Reddy Jala & Zheng Guo Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus School of Engineering Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus
More informationMass-Based Purification of Natural Product Impurities Using an Agilent 1260 Infinity II Preparative LC/MSD System
Application Note Food Testing and Agriculture Mass-Based Purification of Natural Product Impurities Using an Agilent 126 Infinity II Preparative LC/MSD System Authors Florian Rieck and Jörg Hippler Agilent
More informationMAJOR FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL SEMI-SWEET BISCUIT. Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
BORNEO SCIENCE 31: SEPTEMBER 2012 MAJOR FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL SEMI-SWEET BISCUIT 1 Hasmadi Mamat, 1 Mansoor Abdul Hamid, & 2 Sandra E. Hill 1 Food Technology & Bioprocess Program, School
More informationDeodorization of Vegetable Oils. Part I: Modelling the Geometrical Isomerization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Deodorization of Vegetable Oils. Part I: Modelling the Geometrical Isomerization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids G. Hénon a, *, Zs. Kemény b, K. Recseg b, F. Zwobada a, and K. Kovari b Eridiana Béghin-Say
More informationDetermination of red blood cell fatty acid profiles in clinical research
Application Note Clinical Research Determination of red blood cell fatty acid profiles in clinical research Chemical ionization gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry Authors Yvonne Schober 1, Hans
More information3-MCPD esters in edible oils: analytical aspects
French Institute for Fats and Oïl 3-MCPD esters in edible oils: analytical aspects Florent JOFFRE, Hugues GRIFFON, Bénédicte SOULET and Florence LACOSTE 3-MCPD esters in oils: context Analysis of 3-MCPD:
More informationImproving the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using Automated Sample Preparation Techniques
Improving the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using Automated Sample Preparation Techniques Rebecca Veeneman Agilent Technologies Pittcon 2011 March 16, 2011 1370-5 Outline Introduction Fatty acids
More informationThe Development of Analytical Method for the Determination of Azelaic Acid Content in Cosmetic Cream Products
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS The Development of Analytical Method for the Determination of Azelaic Acid Content in Cosmetic Cream Products To cite this article:
More informationFAPAS Report Oils and Fats - Mixed Fat Spread. August-September 2012 NOT CONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED. Page 1 of 26
FAPAS Report 14116 Oils and Fats - Mixed Fat Spread August-September 2012 Page 1 of 26 PARTICIPANT LABORATORY NUMBER Participants can log in to FAPAS SecureWeb at any time to obtain their for this proficiency
More information3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol. 15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol
3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol 15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol [Methods listed in the Feed Analysis Standards] 1 Simultaneous analysis of trichothecene mycotoxin by gas chromatography [Feed Analysis Standards, Chapter
More informationTrans Fatty Acids in the Canadian Food Supply
Trans Fatty Acids in the Canadian Food Supply Nimal Ratnayake, Ph.D. Bureau of Nutritional Sciences Health Canada, Ottawa Health Canada Santé Canada World Congress on Fats and Oils & 28 th ISF Congress
More informationE17 ETHYLCELLULOSE. Revision 3 Stage 4
00-205PDG.pdf 2 E7 ETHYLCELLULOSE Revision 3 Stage 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 32 33 34 35 36 37 DEFINITION Ethylcellulose is a partly O-ethylated cellulose. It
More informationComparative Study of Fat (Total Cholestrol and Fatty acids) Profile in Farm cultivated and river water fishes communities of Labeo rohita
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2017 763 Comparative Study of Fat (Total Cholestrol and Fatty acids) Profile in Farm cultivated and river water fishes
More informationFatty acid composition of commercially available Iranian edible oils
Received: 10.11.2008 Accepted: 13.2.2009 Fatty acid composition of commercially available Iranian edible oils Seddigeh Asgary* a,b, Bahar Nazari c, Nizal Sarrafzadegan a, Salbali Saberi a, Leila Azadbakht
More informationValidation of Quantitative Method for Glycidol Fatty Acid Esters (GEs) in Edible Oils
102nd AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo Validation of Quantitative Method for Glycidol Fatty Acid Esters (GEs) in Edible Oils Hiroki Shiro, Naoki Kondo and Yoshinori Masukawa * Tochigi Research Labs Kao corporation
More informationHT5 - High Temperature Stationary Phase for Capillary Gas Chromatography
HT5 - High Temperature Stationary Phase for Capillary Gas Chromatography INTRODUCTION HT5 was the first carborane modified siloxane phase to be commercially available on fused silica capillary columns.
More informationDRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD
DRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD Determination of the difference between actual and theoretical content of triacyglycerols with Equivalent Carbon Number (ECN) 42 in Olive oils TANZANIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 0 Foreword
More informationDirect Methylation of Lipids in Foods by Alkali Hydrolysis
AOCS Official Method Ce 2b-11 Revised 2013 Direct Methylation of Lipids in Foods by Alkali Hydrolysis DEFINITION This method describes a simultaneous alkali hydrolysis and methylation procedure without
More informationAnalytical Method for 2, 4, 5-T (Targeted to Agricultural, Animal and Fishery Products)
Analytical Method for 2, 4, 5-T (Targeted to Agricultural, Animal and Fishery Products) The target compound to be determined is 2, 4, 5-T. 1. Instrument Liquid Chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS)
More informationFATTY ACID COMPONENT OF BLUBBER OIL OF AMAZON RIVER DOLPHIN
FATTY ACID COMPONENT OF BLUBBER OIL OF AMAZON RIVER DOLPHIN HIDEO TSUYUKI AND SHINGO ITOH Department of Food Engineering, College ef Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo. ABSTRACT
More informationReplacement Of Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil By Palm Oil In Margarine Without Unfavorable Effects On Serum Lipoproteins
Replacement Of Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil By Palm Oil In Margarine Without Unfavorable Effects On Serum Lipoproteins Muller H, Jordal O, et al. (998) Replacement of partially hydrogenated soybean
More informationSupporting Information
Notes Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2013, Vol. 34, No. 1 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.1.xxx Supporting Information Chemical Constituents of Ficus drupacea Leaves and their α-glucosidase Inhibitory
More informationOrganic Chemistry Diversity of Carbon Compounds
Organic Chemistry Diversity of Carbon Compounds Hydrocarbons The Alkanes The Alkenes The Alkynes Naming Hydrocarbons Cyclic Hydrocarbons Alkyl Groups Aromatic Hydrocarbons Naming Complex Hydrocarbons Chemical
More informationIDENTIFICATION AND CONTROLOFRESIDUALSOLVENTS Identification and control of residual solvents EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 6.
EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 6.0 2.4.24. Identification and control of residual solvents paper and wash each filter with 3 quantities, each of 15 ml, of methylenechlorider.placethecombinedfiltrateand washings
More informationa result, palm olefin showed a better stability in oxidation after the treatment. For confirmation, the second test was done on the oils
Frying Qualities of Palm Oil and Palm Olein under Simulated Deep-Fat Frying Conditions Etsuji YUKI* and Kyozo MORIMOTO* * Sanyo Women's Junior College (1-1, Sagata-honmachi, Hatsukaichi-cho, ** Hiroshima
More informationQuantitative identification of fatty acids from walnut and coconut oils using GC-MS method
Available online at http://journal-of-agroalimentary.ro Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies 2013, 19(4), 459-463 Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies Quantitative identification
More informationusing the Agilent 7696A Sample Prep
Automated Clean-up for Mineral Oil (Hydrocarbon Oil Index) Analysis using the Agilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench Application Note Automated Sample Preparation Authors Frank David, Karine Jacq, and Bart
More informationSUCROSE OLIGOESTERS TYPE I
SUCROSE OLIGOESTERS TYPE I Prepared at the 71 st JECFA (2009) and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 7 (2009). A group ADI of 0-30 mg/kg bw for this substance together with sucrose esters of fatty acids,
More informationPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) on Multivariate Data of Lard Analysis in Cooking Oil
Journal of Mathematics and System Science 5 (2015) 300-306 doi: 10.17265/2159-5291/2015.07.005 D DAVID PUBLISHING Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on Multivariate Data of Lard Analysis in Cooking Oil
More informationGlycerol Residue A Rich Source of Glycerol and Medium Chain Fatty Acids
JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE Copyright 2004 by Japan Oil Chemists Society JOS NOTE Glycerol Residue A Rich Source of Glycerol and Medium Chain Fatty Acids T.L. OOI 1, K.C. YONG 2, A.H. HAZIMAH 1, K. DZULKEFLY
More informationColumn Chromatographic Isolation of Docosahexaenoic Acid from Fish Oil and its Assessment by Analytical Techniques
Human Journals Research Article April 2017 Vol.:9, Issue:1 All rights are reserved by Rasika R. Nikhade et al. Column Chromatographic Isolation of Docosahexaenoic Acid from Fish Oil and its Assessment
More informationFast determination of residual glycerol and glycerides in biodiesel by SFC/MS using the Agilent 1260 Infinity Analytical SFC System
Fast deteration of residual glycerol and glycerides in biodiesel by SFC/MS using the Agilent 126 Infinity Analytical SFC System Application Note Petrochemical Authors Maria Rambla Alegre, Melissa N. Dunkle,
More informationFatty Acid Methylation Kits
Methyl esterification kit for fatty acids analysis Fatty Acid Methylation Kits Below are two methods for efficiently preparing fatty acid samples for GC analysis. Neither method requires high temperatures,
More informationGC Separation of Cis-Eicosenoic Acid Positional Isomers on an Ionic Liquid SLB-IL100
Title GC Separation of cis-eicosenoic Acid Positional Isom Author(s)Ando, Yasuhiro; Sasaki, Tsubasa CitationJournal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, () Issue Date 0-0 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net//
More informationType Analysis of Citrus Essential Oils by Multidimensional Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/ Gas Chromatography
25 Type Analysis of Citrus Essential Oils by Multidimensional Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/ Gas Chromatography Takashi YARITA, Akira NoMURA and Yoshiyuki HoRIMOTo Department of Analytical Chemistry,
More informationIndependent Column Temperature Control Using an LTM Oven Module for Improved Multidimensional Separation of Chiral Compounds
Independent Column Temperature Control Using an LTM Oven Module for Improved Multidimensional Separation of Chiral Compounds Application Note Food and Flavors Author Frank David Research Institute for
More information5.0 Summary and conclusion
5.0 Summary and conclusion Trans fatty acids are the geometric isomers of fatty acids that are formed industrially by partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids from vegetable and marine oil. Trans
More informationDIRECT EXTRACTION OF BENZODIAZEPINE METABOLITE WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUID FROM WHOLE BLOOD
DIRECT EXTRACTION OF BENZODIAZEPINE METABOLITE WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUID FROM WHOLE BLOOD Kenichi TAKAICHI, Shuji SAITOH, Yoshio KUMOOKA, Noriko TSUNODA National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba,
More informationISO/TS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION. Vegetable fats and oils Determination of wax content by gas chromatography
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 23647 First edition 2010-10-01 Vegetable fats and oils Determination of wax content by gas chromatography Corps gras d'origine végétale Détermination de la teneur en cires
More informationCopyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere
More informationFluorinated esters in a rapid GC analysis of very long chain fatty acids. Vyssotski, M, Svetashev, V, Lagutin, K
Fluorinated esters in a rapid GC analysis of very long chain fatty acids Vyssotski, M, Svetashev, V, Lagutin, K Definition: "Fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms (very long chain fatty acids,
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Jonker, G. H. (1999). Hydrogenation of edible oils and fats Groningen: s.n.
University of Groningen Hydrogenation of edible oils and fats Jonker, Geert IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check
More informationLipid Analysis. Andréina Laffargue, IRD CRYMCEPT Montpellier workshop, October 17th Introduction to lipid structures
Lipid Analysis Andréina Laffargue, IRD CRYMCEPT Montpellier workshop, October 17th 2005 Introduction to lipid structures Fatty acids Acylglycerols Glycerophospholipids Sterols Strategies involved in lipid
More informationKoji URAKAMI,*,a Chiaki KOBAYASHI, a Yoshihiko MIYAZAKI, a Koji NISHIJIMA, a Yoshinobu YOSHIMURA, a and Keiji HASHIMOTO b
September 2000 Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48(9) 1299 1303 (2000) 1299 Degradation Products Generated by Sonication of Benzyl Alcohol, a Sample Preparation Solvent for the Determination of Residual Solvents in
More informationPyrolysis Behaviors and Thermostability of Polyglycerols and. Polyglycerol Fatty Acid Esters
314 J. Jpn. Oil Chem. Soc. (YUKAGAKU) ORIGINAL Pyrolysis Behaviors and Thermostability of Polyglycerols and Polyglycerol Fatty Acid Esters Toshiaki USHIKUSA*, Takenori MARUYAMA*, Isao NIIYA*, and Masakazu
More information