Effects of Second Messengers
|
|
- Dulcie Hill
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Effects of Second Messengers Inositol trisphosphate Diacylglycerol Opens Calcium Channels Binding to IP 3 -gated Channel Cooperative binding Activates Protein Kinase C is required Phosphorylation of many target proteins 1
2 The domain structures of protein kinase C isoforms Binds Diacylglycerol Interaction with phospholipids Pseudosubstrate Sequence Resemble the substrate sequence Contains A-R-K-G-A-L-R-Q-K Substrate Sequence X-R-X-X-(S,T)-Hyd-R-X Binds to the Enzyme s Active Site. 2
3 Termination of IP3 Signal IP3 is a Short-Lived Messenger Lithium Ions, Used to treat some psychological disorders Inhibits IP 3 recycling 3
4 Why? A large difference in concentration 0.1μM mm Why? Ability to bind protein tightly 4
5 Useful Tools in Studying the role of Calcium Ionophores Introducing Calcium into the cell Calcium Chelators Decreasing Calcium Concentration Fluorescent Chelators Measuring Calcium Concentration Calcium Binding Proteins Mediate the effects of Calcium Many proteins Calmodulin, Troponin C, Parvalbumin Similar structures Rich in Asp and Glu Several α helical segments Binding site is formed by Helix Loop Helix 5
6 Helix E Calmodulin Found in almost all eukaryotic cells Consists of two globular regions Connected by flexible region Each contains 2 EF hands Four binding sites. 6
7 Calmodulin changes conformation upon binding to Calcium 7
8 2+ Calmodulin binds to Ca 4 which results in change in conformation ( Moving some hydrophobic residues from the inside to the outside of the domains) Calcium-Calmodulin Complex can Bind to a large Number of Enzymes,Pumps and Target proteins including Calmodulin-dependant Protein Kinase ATP ase Pump 8
9 Transporter In sarcoplasmic reticulum 80% of the membrane proteins 10 membrane spanning helices move against a large concentration gradient 2 / ATP Signal Transduction through Tyrosine Kinase Hormone Binding Dimerization of the receptor Auto phosphorylation of the receptor Phosphorylation of the target proteins 9
10 Some Hormones that use Tyrosine Kinase Growth Hormone Insulin Epidermal Growth Factor Platelet-derived growth Factor Growth Hormone Monomeric Protein 217 Amino Acids Compact Four-helix Bundle 10
11 Growth Hormone Receptor 638 A.Acid Membrane Spanning Protein Extracellular Domain 250 A.A Single Membrane-Spanning Helix Intracellular Domain 350 A.A Monomeric when not bound to hormone Dimeric when bound to hormone 11
12 Binding of one molecule of growth hormone Dimerization of the receptor Growth Hormone Each Intracellular Domain is associated with Janus a protein kinase called Janus Kinase 2 protein kinase-like protein kinase Interaction with membrane Binds peptides that contain Phosphotyrosine 12
13 Receptor dimerization brings two JAKs together Each Phosphorylates key residues on the other Activated JAK 2 can Phosphorylate other substrates STAT 5 Signal transducer and activators of transcription Regulator of transcription STAT5 Phosphorylation Dimerization Binding to specific DNA sites 13
14 STAT is phosphorylated on a tyrosine residue near the carboxyl terminus Phosphorylated tyr binds to SH2 domain of another STAT 5 molecule Activated JAK 2 can Phosphorylate other substrates (cont.) Phosphorylation of the Receptor Association with JAK 2 Association with other proteins in the signal transduction pathway 14
15 Signal-Transduction Cascades - 3 Tyrosine kinase and receptor dimerization Signaling Pathways and Cancer Receptor dimerization brings two JAKs together Each Phosphorylates key residues on the other 15
16 Tyrosine Kinase is Part of some receptors Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monomeric (inactive) EGF binding Dimerization Cross Phosphorylation Activation Insulin Receptor Dimer of 2 αβ pairs Insulin Binding Activation of the Kinase Do these receptors transfer information across the membrane in the same way? 16
17 Is dimerization alone sufficient for activation of EGF receptor? Synthesis of a gene that encoded a chemeric receptor Extracellular (insulin) Intracellular (EGF) EGF receptor and insulin receptor use a common mechanism for transmitting information across membrane Epidermal growth factor signaling pathway Grb-2 binds phosphorylated EGF receptor Binding to a protein called Sos Activation of Ras GDP GTP Activation of specific Protein Kinases 17
18 Ras is a member of small G proteins family Monomeric Exist in two forms GDP bound «-----» GTP bound Smaller than G proteins Have GTPase activity Many similarities in structure and mechanism with G α Include several groups or subfamilies Major role in growth, differentiation, cellular transport, motility etc SH2 18
19 Defects in Signaling Pathways Can Lead to Cancer and Other Diseases Cancer, is characterized by uncontrolled or inappropriate cell growth, Can be caused by certain viruses Can be associated with defects in signaltransduction proteins; failure of signal transduction process Rous sarcoma virus (in Chicken) carries a gene called v-src Oncogene Encode a tyrosine kinase protein Similar protein is found in cells called c-src Small differences in the amino acid sequences between the proteins 19
20 Impaired GTPase activity can lead to cancer in human Mammalian cells contain 3 Ras proteins Mutation Loss of ability to hydrolyze GTP Ras is locked in ON position continuous stimulation of growth Cholera and Whooping Cough Are Due to Altered G-Protein Activity The cholera toxin: protein composed of two functional units B subunit: binds to GM1 gangliosides of the intestinal epithelium A catalytic subunit: enters the cell. A subunit catalyzes the covalent modification of a Gα s protein: Attachment of an ADP-ribose to an arginine residue. Stabilization of the GTP-bound form of Gα s, The active G protein, activates protein kinase A. Openining of chloride channels Excessive loss of NaCl and the loss of large amounts of water into the intestine. 20
Signal-Transduction Cascades - 2. The Phosphoinositide Cascade
Signal-Transduction Cascades - 2 The Phosphoinositide Cascade Calcium ion as a second messenger Tyrosine kinase and receptor dimerization scribd.com Faisal Khatib JU The Phosphoinositide Cascade Used by
More informationSignal Transduction: Information Metabolism. Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Signal Transduction: Information Metabolism Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction Information Metabolism How cells receive, process and respond
More informationLast lecture we started talking about other system,which is TRANSDUCTION OF NMORMAL SIGNAL.
First there s no need to refer to the slides (numbered 3) it s all here.. :D Lets start the lec.. Last lecture we started talking about other system,which is TRANSDUCTION OF NMORMAL SIGNAL. -When hormonal
More informationLecture: CHAPTER 13 Signal Transduction Pathways
Lecture: 10 17 2016 CHAPTER 13 Signal Transduction Pathways Chapter 13 Outline Signal transduction cascades have many components in common: 1. Release of a primary message as a response to a physiological
More informationMembrane associated receptor transfers the information. Second messengers relay information
Membrane associated receptor transfers the information Most signals are polar and large Few of the signals are nonpolar Receptors are intrinsic membrane proteins Extracellular and intracellular domains
More informationG-Protein Signaling. Introduction to intracellular signaling. Dr. SARRAY Sameh, Ph.D
G-Protein Signaling Introduction to intracellular signaling Dr. SARRAY Sameh, Ph.D Cell signaling Cells communicate via extracellular signaling molecules (Hormones, growth factors and neurotransmitters
More informationCell Signaling part 2
15 Cell Signaling part 2 Functions of Cell Surface Receptors Other cell surface receptors are directly linked to intracellular enzymes. The largest family of these is the receptor protein tyrosine kinases,
More informationReceptor mediated Signal Transduction
Receptor mediated Signal Transduction G-protein-linked receptors adenylyl cyclase camp PKA Organization of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases From G.M. Cooper, The Cell. A molecular approach, 2004, third
More informationLipids and Membranes
Lipids and Membranes Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy Membrane transport D. Endocytosis and Exocytosis
More informationSignal Transduction Cascades
Signal Transduction Cascades Contents of this page: Kinases & phosphatases Protein Kinase A (camp-dependent protein kinase) G-protein signal cascade Structure of G-proteins Small GTP-binding proteins,
More informationSignal Transduction: G-Protein Coupled Receptors
Signal Transduction: G-Protein Coupled Receptors Federle, M. (2017). Lectures 4-5: Signal Transduction parts 1&2: nuclear receptors and GPCRs. Lecture presented at PHAR 423 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy,
More informationMCB*4010 Midterm Exam / Winter 2008
MCB*4010 Midterm Exam / Winter 2008 Name: ID: Instructions: Answer all 4 questions. The number of marks for each question indicates how many points you need to provide. Write your answers in point form,
More informationPropagation of the Signal
OpenStax-CNX module: m44452 1 Propagation of the Signal OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section,
More information2013 W. H. Freeman and Company. 12 Signal Transduction
2013 W. H. Freeman and Company 12 Signal Transduction CHAPTER 12 Signal Transduction Key topics: General features of signal transduction Structure and function of G protein coupled receptors Structure
More informationSarah Jaar Marah Al-Darawsheh
22 Sarah Jaar Marah Al-Darawsheh Faisal Mohammad Receptors can be membrane proteins (for water-soluble hormones/ligands) or intracellular (found in the cytosol or nucleus and bind to DNA, for lipid-soluble
More informationEnzyme-coupled Receptors. Cell-surface receptors 1. Ion-channel-coupled receptors 2. G-protein-coupled receptors 3. Enzyme-coupled receptors
Enzyme-coupled Receptors Cell-surface receptors 1. Ion-channel-coupled receptors 2. G-protein-coupled receptors 3. Enzyme-coupled receptors Cell-surface receptors allow a flow of ions across the plasma
More informationCell Biology Lecture 9 Notes Basic Principles of cell signaling and GPCR system
Cell Biology Lecture 9 Notes Basic Principles of cell signaling and GPCR system Basic Elements of cell signaling: Signal or signaling molecule (ligand, first messenger) o Small molecules (epinephrine,
More informationChapter 20. Cell - Cell Signaling: Hormones and Receptors. Three general types of extracellular signaling. endocrine signaling. paracrine signaling
Chapter 20 Cell - Cell Signaling: Hormones and Receptors Three general types of extracellular signaling endocrine signaling paracrine signaling autocrine signaling Endocrine Signaling - signaling molecules
More informationReceptors Families. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia
Receptors Families Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia Receptor Families 1. Ligand-gated ion channels 2. G protein coupled receptors 3. Enzyme-linked
More informationRegulation of cell function by intracellular signaling
Regulation of cell function by intracellular signaling Objectives: Regulation principle Allosteric and covalent mechanisms, Popular second messengers, Protein kinases, Kinase cascade and interaction. regulation
More informationThe elements of G protein-coupled receptor systems
The elements of G protein-coupled receptor systems Prostaglandines Sphingosine 1-phosphate a receptor that contains 7 membrane-spanning domains a coupled trimeric G protein which functions as a switch
More informationPrinciples of Genetics and Molecular Biology
Cell signaling Dr. Diala Abu-Hassan, DDS, PhD School of Medicine Dr.abuhassand@gmail.com Principles of Genetics and Molecular Biology www.cs.montana.edu Modes of cell signaling Direct interaction of a
More informationSignaling. Dr. Sujata Persad Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy & Health research
Signaling Dr. Sujata Persad 3-020 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy & Health research E-mail:sujata.persad@ualberta.ca 1 Growth Factor Receptors and Other Signaling Pathways What we will cover today: How
More informationSignal Transduction Pathways. Part 2
Signal Transduction Pathways Part 2 GPCRs G-protein coupled receptors > 700 GPCRs in humans Mediate responses to senses taste, smell, sight ~ 1000 GPCRs mediate sense of smell in mouse Half of all known
More informationLecture 9: Cell Communication I
02.05.10 Lecture 9: Cell Communication I Multicellular organisms need to coordinate cellular functions in different tissues Cell-to-cell communication is also used by single celled organisms to signal
More informationIntroduction! Introduction! Introduction! Chem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 2
Chem 452 - Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 2 Questions of the Day: How does the hormone insulin trigger the uptake of glucose in the cells that it targets. Introduction! Signal transduction
More informationLecture 15. Signal Transduction Pathways - Introduction
Lecture 15 Signal Transduction Pathways - Introduction So far.. Regulation of mrna synthesis Regulation of rrna synthesis Regulation of trna & 5S rrna synthesis Regulation of gene expression by signals
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationReceptors and Drug Action. Dr. Subasini Pharmacology Department Ishik University, Erbil
Receptors and Drug Action Dr. Subasini Pharmacology Department Ishik University, Erbil Receptors and Drug Action Receptor Receptor is defined as a macromolecule or binding site located on the surface or
More informationChapter 11. Cell Communication
Chapter 11 Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet Cell-to-cell communication Is absolutely essential for multicellular organisms Concept 11.1: External signals are converted into responses
More informationChapter 9. Cellular Signaling
Chapter 9 Cellular Signaling Cellular Messaging Page 215 Cells can signal to each other and interpret the signals they receive from other cells and the environment Signals are most often chemicals The
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition. Lectures by Chris Romero. Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Overview: The Cellular Internet Cell-to-cell communication Is absolutely
More informationMolecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 19: Cell Signaling Pathways and Gene Expression
Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 19: Cell Signaling Pathways and Gene Expression Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which statement about cell signaling is correct? Question #1 (A) Cell signaling involves receiving
More informationRevision. camp pathway
االله الرحمن الرحيم بسم Revision camp pathway camp pathway Revision camp pathway Adenylate cyclase Adenylate Cyclase enzyme Adenylate cyclase catalyses the formation of camp from ATP. Stimulation or inhibition
More informationEnzymes Part III: regulation II. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017
Enzymes Part III: regulation II Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017 Advantage This is a major mechanism for rapid and transient regulation of enzyme activity. A most common mechanism is enzyme phosphorylation
More informationCell Communication. Local and Long Distance Signaling
Cell Communication Cell to cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Some universal mechanisms of cellular regulation providing more evidence for the evolutionary relatedness of all life
More informationSignal-Transduction Pathways
CHATER 12 Signal-Transduction athways 12.1 Signal Transduction Depends on Molecular Circuits 12.2 Receptor roteins Transmit Information Into the Cell 12.3 Metabolism in Context: Insulin Signaling Regulates
More informationMechanisms of Hormone Action
Mechanisms of Hormone Action General principles: 1. Signals act over different ranges. 2. Signals have different chemical natures. 3. The same signal can induce a different response in different cells.
More informationChem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction
Chem 452 - Lecture 10 Signal Transduction 111130 Here we look at the movement of a signal from the outside of a cell to its inside, where it elicits changes within the cell. These changes are usually mediated
More informationCellular Signaling Pathways. Signaling Overview
Cellular Signaling Pathways Signaling Overview Signaling steps Synthesis and release of signaling molecules (ligands) by the signaling cell. Transport of the signal to the target cell Detection of the
More informationCell Communication - 1
Cell Communication - 1 Just as we communicate with other humans (a number of different ways), cells communicate with other cells, to interact with the external environment and to make appropriate responses
More informationFUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS Vol. I - Biochemistry of Vitamins, Hormones and Other Messenger Molecules - Chris Whiteley
BIOCHEMISTRY OF VITAMINS, HORMONES AND OTHER MESSENGER MOLECULES Chris Whiteley Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa Keywords: phosphorylation, phosphorylase,
More informationChapter 11. Cell Communication. Signal Transduction Pathways
Chapter 11 Cell Communication Signal Transduction Pathways Signal-Transduction Pathway Signal on a cell s surface is converted into a specific cellular response Local signaling (short distance) - Paracrine
More informationComputational Biology I LSM5191
Computational Biology I LSM5191 Aylwin Ng, D.Phil Lecture 6 Notes: Control Systems in Gene Expression Pulling it all together: coordinated control of transcriptional regulatory molecules Simple Control:
More informationChapter 15: Signal transduction
Chapter 15: Signal transduction Know the terminology: Enzyme-linked receptor, G-protein linked receptor, nuclear hormone receptor, G-protein, adaptor protein, scaffolding protein, SH2 domain, MAPK, Ras,
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationPHSI3009 Frontiers in Cellular Physiology 2017
Overview of PHSI3009 L2 Cell membrane and Principles of cell communication L3 Signalling via G protein-coupled receptor L4 Calcium Signalling L5 Signalling via Growth Factors L6 Signalling via small G-protein
More informationReceptors Functions and Signal Transduction- L4- L5
Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction- L4- L5 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD University of Jordan 1 PKC Phosphorylates many substrates, can activate kinase pathway, gene regulation PLC- signaling pathway
More informationPlasma membranes. Plasmodesmata between plant cells. Gap junctions between animal cells Cell junctions. Cell-cell recognition
Cell Communication Cell Signaling Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Communicate by chemical messengers Animal and plant cells have cell junctions that directly connect
More informationG protein-coupled Signal Transduction
Theresa Filtz, hd har 735, Winter 2006 G protein-coupled Signal Transduction Main Objectives (the big chunks) Describe in molecular detail the cascades of events in a generalized G protein-coupled signaling
More informationBiochemie 4. Cell communication - GPCR
Biochemie 4 Cell communication - GPCR 1 Lecture outline General principles - local and long-distance signaling - classes of receptors - molecular switches and second messengers Receptor tyrosine kinases
More informationCell Communication. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationAbdelMuez Siyam & Abdullah Al Zibdeh. Nafeth
3 AbdelMuez Siyam & Abdullah Al Zibdeh Nafeth At the end of this sheet, there is a brief summary for the whole lecture. If you don t have time, just go through it. Review There are two types of receptors:
More informationBio 111 Study Guide Chapter 11 Cell Communication
Bio 111 Study Guide Chapter 11 Cell Communication BEFORE CLASS: Reading: Read the introduction on p. 210, and for Concept 11.1, read from the first full paragraph on p. 212. Read all of Concept 11.2. Pay
More informationSignal Transduction Pathways
Signal Transduction Pathways If it helps, think of signal transduction pathways like what happens when you get a text message: Reception = Your phone vibrates or dings. Transduction = You unlock the phone
More informationWhich DNA sequence is most likely to form a hairpin structure? x indicates any nucleotide.
Which DNA sequence is most likely to form a hairpin structure? x indicates any nucleotide. A. xxxgtcagtxxxxtatgcgxxx B. xxxtcgtatxxxxgtccgaxxx C. xxxcactgtxxxxgtactgxxx D. xxxgtcagtxxxxcctagaxxx E. xxxgtcatcxxxxgatgacxxx
More informationCell Communication. Cell Communication. Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule
Cell Communication Cell Communication Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule receptor protein: the molecule to which the ligand binds (may be on the plasma membrane or within
More informationLecture 36: Review of membrane function
Chem*3560 Lecture 36: Review of membrane function Membrane: Lipid bilayer with embedded or associated proteins. Bilayers: 40-70% neutral phospholipid 10-20% negative phospholipid 10-30% cholesterol 10-30%
More informationChapter 11 Cell Communication Guided Reading. 3. How do intercellular connections function in cell to cell communication?
AP Biology TEXT: Biology, Campbell and Reece 7 th Edition Name Chapter 11 Cell Communication Guided Reading This chapter is often considered difficult as you have not covered it in an introductory biology
More informationPrinciples of cell signaling Lecture 4
Principles of cell signaling Lecture 4 Johan Lennartsson Molecular Cell Biology (1BG320), 2014 Johan.Lennartsson@licr.uu.se 1 Receptor tyrosine kinase-induced signal transduction Erk MAP kinase pathway
More informationBCOR 011 Lecture 19 Oct 12, 2005 I. Cell Communication Signal Transduction Chapter 11
BCOR 011 Lecture 19 Oct 12, 2005 I. Cell Communication Signal Transduction Chapter 11 External signal is received and converted to another form to elicit a response 1 Lecture Outline 1. Types of intercellular
More informationSignal Transduction I
Signal Transduction I Prof. Tianhua Zhou Department of Cell Biology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Office hours by appointment tzhou@zju.edu.cn Signal transduction: Key contents for signal transduction:
More informationBL 424 Chapter 15: Cell Signaling; Signal Transduction
BL 424 Chapter 15: Cell Signaling; Signal Transduction All cells receive and respond to signals from their environments. The behavior of each individual cell in multicellular plants and animals must be
More informationTuesday, Sept. 14, Is an enzyme a rigid system?
Tuesday, Sept. 14, Is an enzyme a rigid system? Early researchers thought of enzymes as rigid entities, recognizing their substrates the way a lock would recognize a key. Today's researchers, however,
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationBiol403 MAP kinase signalling
Biol403 MAP kinase signalling The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a signalling cascade activated by a diverse range of effectors. The cascade regulates many cellular activities including
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 6 - CELL COMMUNICATION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: CELL-TO-CELL CONNECTIONS AND SIGNALING Gap and Tight Junctions: Adjacent cells communicate and hold on to each other via junctions. Two important kinds: Gap Junctions are
More informationBiosignals, Chapter 8, rearranged, Part I
Biosignals, Chapter 8, rearranged, Part I Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: A Ligand-Binding Ion Channel Classes of Receptor Proteins in Eukaryotes, Heterotrimeric G Proteins Signaling View the Heterotrimeric
More informationCell Signaling and Communication - 1
Cell Signaling and Communication - 1 Just as we communicate with other humans in a number of different ways, cells communicate with other cells and with their external environment with a set of cell signal
More informationRelay molecules in a signal transduction pathway
Cell Signaling Figure 11.6-3 EXTRACELLULAR FLUID Plasma membrane CYTOPLASM 1 Reception 2 Transduction 3 Response Receptor Relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway Activation of cellular response
More informationProtein kinases are enzymes that add a phosphate group to proteins according to the. ATP + protein OH > Protein OPO 3 + ADP
Protein kinase Protein kinases are enzymes that add a phosphate group to proteins according to the following equation: 2 ATP + protein OH > Protein OPO 3 + ADP ATP represents adenosine trisphosphate, ADP
More informationPrevious Class. Today. Detection of enzymatic intermediates: Protein tyrosine phosphatase mechanism. Protein Kinase Catalytic Properties
Previous Class Detection of enzymatic intermediates: Protein tyrosine phosphatase mechanism Today Protein Kinase Catalytic Properties Protein Phosphorylation Phosphorylation: key protein modification
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Key Concepts in Chapter 11. Cellular Messaging. Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms
Chapter 11 Cell Communication Dr. Wendy Sera Houston Community College Biology 1406 Key Concepts in Chapter 11 1. External signals are converted to responses within the cell. 2. Reception: A signaling
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationHormones and Signal Transduction. Dr. Kevin Ahern
Dr. Kevin Ahern Signaling Outline Signaling Outline Background Signaling Outline Background Membranes Signaling Outline Background Membranes Hormones & Receptors Signaling Outline Background Membranes
More informationPhysiology Unit 1 CELL SIGNALING: CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS
Physiology Unit 1 CELL SIGNALING: CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS In Physiology Today Cell Communication Homeostatic mechanisms maintain a normal balance of the body s internal environment
More informationCYTOKINE RECEPTORS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
CYTOKINE RECEPTORS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION What is Cytokine? Secreted popypeptide (protein) involved in cell-to-cell signaling. Acts in paracrine or autocrine fashion through specific cellular receptors.
More informationBIOLOGY. Cell Communication CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 11 Cell Communication Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Cellular Messaging Cells can signal to
More informationKEY CONCEPT QUESTIONS IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Signal Transduction - Part 2 Key Concepts - Receptor tyrosine kinases control cell metabolism and proliferation Growth factor signaling through Ras Mutated cell signaling genes in cancer cells are called
More informationEnzymes: Regulation 2-3
Enzymes: Regulation 2-3 Reversible covalent modification Association with regulatory proteins Irreversible covalent modification/proteolytic cleavage Reading: Berg, Tymoczko & Stryer, 6th ed., Chapter
More informationAsma Karameh Omar Sami
5 Asma Karameh Omar Sami Mohammad khatatbeh Happy day friends! This lecture will be discussing what we have said in the previous lectures relating to different mechanisms of transport across a biological
More informationBiol220 Cellular Signalling. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases
Biol220 Cellular Signalling Non-receptor tyrosine kinases The 7TM receptors initiate signal transducton pathways through changes in tertiary structure that are induced by ligand binding. A fundamentally
More informationSignaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors Bởi: OpenStaxCollege There are two kinds of communication in the world of living cells. Communication between cells is called intercellular signaling, and communication
More informationTala Saleh. Ahmad Attari. Mamoun Ahram
23 Tala Saleh Ahmad Attari Minna Mushtaha Mamoun Ahram In the previous lecture, we discussed the mechanisms of regulating enzymes through inhibitors. Now, we will start this lecture by discussing regulation
More informationINTERACTION DRUG BODY
INTERACTION DRUG BODY What the drug does to the body What the body does to the drug Receptors - intracellular receptors - membrane receptors - Channel receptors - G protein-coupled receptors - Tyrosine-kinase
More informationOrganization of lectures: Cell Signaling I: Sex, Drugs and Violence. Cell signaling is central to modern medicine. Forms of Cell Signaling
Cell Signaling I: Sex, Drugs and Violence Joe W. Ramos jramos@crch.hawaii.edu www.crch.org/profiles/jramos Organization of lectures: General Principles of signaling cascades Hormone Signaling Signaling
More informationBIOLOGY. Cell Communication CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 11 Cell Communication Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Cellular Messaging Cells can signal to
More informationGPCR. General Principles of Cell Signaling G-protein-Coupled Receptors Enzyme-Coupled Receptors Other Signaling Pathways. G-protein-Coupled Receptors
G-protein-Coupled Receptors General Principles of Cell Signaling G-protein-Coupled Receptors Enzyme-Coupled Receptors Other Signaling Pathways GPCR G-protein-coupled receptors Figure 15-30 Molecular Biology
More informationHormones. Prof. Dr. Volker Haucke Institut für Chemie-Biochemie Takustrasse 6
Hormones Prof. Dr. Volker Haucke Institut für Chemie-Biochemie Takustrasse 6 Tel. 030-8385-6920 (Sekret.) 030-8385-6922 (direkt) e-mail: vhaucke@chemie.fu-berlin.de http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/biochemie/aghaucke/teaching.html
More informationAyman Mesleh & Leen Alnemrawi. Bayan Abusheikha. Faisal
24 Ayman Mesleh & Leen Alnemrawi Bayan Abusheikha Faisal We were talking last time about receptors for lipid soluble hormones.the general mechanism of receptors for lipid soluble hormones: 1. Receptors
More informationCellular Physiology (PHSI3009) Contents:
Cellular Physiology (PHSI3009) Contents: Cell membranes and communication 2 nd messenger systems G-coupled protein signalling Calcium signalling Small G-protein signalling o RAS o MAPK o PI3K RHO GTPases
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationCell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Chapter 9. Communication between cells requires:
Chapter 9 Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule receptor protein: the molecule to which the receptor binds -may be on the plasma membrane or within the cell 2 There are four
More informationChapter 11: Enzyme Catalysis
Chapter 11: Enzyme Catalysis Matching A) high B) deprotonated C) protonated D) least resistance E) motion F) rate-determining G) leaving group H) short peptides I) amino acid J) low K) coenzymes L) concerted
More informationREGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY. Medical Biochemistry, Lecture 25
REGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY Medical Biochemistry, Lecture 25 Lecture 25, Outline General properties of enzyme regulation Regulation of enzyme concentrations Allosteric enzymes and feedback inhibition
More information- Biosignaling: Signal transduction. References: chapter 8 of Lippincots chapter 1 3 of Lehningers
Basic concepts of Metabolism Metabolism and metabolic pathway Metabolic Map Catabolism Anabolism - Regulation of Metabolism Signals from within the cell (Intracellular) Communication between cells. - Biosignaling:
More informationRAS Genes. The ras superfamily of genes encodes small GTP binding proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many cellular processes.
۱ RAS Genes The ras superfamily of genes encodes small GTP binding proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many cellular processes. Oncogenic ras genes in human cells include H ras, N ras,
More informationCell signaling. How do cells receive and respond to signals from their surroundings?
Cell signaling How do cells receive and respond to signals from their surroundings? Prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes are largely independent and autonomous. In multicellular organisms there is a
More informationCell Communication CHAPTER 11
Cell Communication CHAPTER 11 What you should know: The 3 stages of cell communication: reception, transduction, and response. How a receptor protein recognizes signal molecules and starts transduction.
More informationCell Signaling (part 1)
15 Cell Signaling (part 1) Introduction Bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes respond to environmental signals and to signaling molecules secreted by other cells for mating and other communication. In multicellular
More information