cyclobutane Benzene Ring phenyl
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1 ow many carbons and hydrogens in the following? More rganic Today eview hydrocarbons Functional Groups Condensation eaction Biopolymers A. 6 C, 14 B. 6 C, 15 C. 6 C, D. 7 C, E. 7 C, 14 alogens F Fluoro Cl Chloro Br Bromo I Iodo ther side-chains group hydroxy N2 group amino Cyclic ydrocarbons the carbon chain connects back to itself cyclobutane Benzene ing phenyl
2 Structural Isomers hexane (C614) doc cam Nomenclature with functional group Put the number by before the functional group suffix you'll be tested on this one you'll be understood 1 butene IUPAC name but-1-ene Name this compound Dienes Two double bonds A. 2-methyl pent-5-ene B. 2-methyl hex-3-ene C. 1,1-dimethyl pent-2-ene D. 5-methyl hex-3-ene 5 carbon chain, parent penta no side chains two double bonds diene position 1 and 3 E. 5-methyl hex-4-ene penta-1,3-diene
3 6 Alkyne Carbon Carbon Triple Bond Suffix -yne methyl hex-3-yne = Generic representation of the rest of the molecule ther functional groups functional group - group is an alcohol suffix is -ol Common Ethanol A. heptan-2-ol B. hexan-4-ol C. 2-ethylbutan-1-ol D. 2-ethylpentan-1-ol E. hexan-3-ol Name this compound Ketone C Common Acetone (nail polish remover) carbon double bonded to an oxygen bonded to carbons on either side suffix is -one
4 A. A B. B C. C D. A & B E. all three Which of the following is a ketone? A B C butan-3-one Aldehyde C Common Formaldehyde (Fetal Pig Storage) carbon double bonded to an oxygen bonded to carbon on one side (like a ketone at the end of a chain) suffix is -al A. hex-3-enal B. hex-3-en-1-al C. hex-3-en-6-al D. hex-6-al-3-ene E. hexene6-3-al Name this compound No need to number aldehyde its always at the end shown to emphasize the functional group Carboxylic Acid C Common Acetic Acid (vinegar) carbon double bonded to an oxygen bonded to carbon on one side on the other side suffix is -oic acid
5 A. methanoic acid B. ethanoic acid C. propanoic acid D. 3 hydroxy propan-2-one E. propanol Name this compound No need to number carboxylic acid its always at the end this compound is also commonly known as acetic acid Ester C Common lots of flavorings carbon double bonded to an oxygen bonded to carbon on one side on the other side suffix is -oic acid ' A. ethyl butanoate B. butyl methanoate Name this compound No need to number ester name the two sides Ether Diethyl Ether (knocks you out) ' C. methyl heptanoate D. butyl ethanoate E. pentyl ethanoate part with the carboxyl (C=) is the parent other part is like the side chain carbon oxygen in the middle of the chain suffix is -ether
6 Primary Amine N2 Treat as two "side chains" methyl ethyl ether -N2 group is an amine suffix is -amine Amide C " N ' carbon double bonded to an oxygen bonded to carbon on one side N on the other side suffix is -amide Naming amide Treat part with C= as parent parts on the N as sidechains N2 N pentanamide N-ethyl-N-methylpentanamide
7 N2 Amine Alcohol Ether Ketone Carboxylic Acid Ester N Amide Alkene Important eaction for Biochemistry Formation of an Amide The don't call them functional groups for nothing Carboxylic Acid C Primary Amine N ' Carboxylic Acid C Amide + Water Primary Amine N ' C N ' + 2
8 Amino Acid Polypeptide 2N C C Carboxylic End and Amine End Can react with itself (or similar molecules) in a chain Two distinct ends N-terminus is an amine C-terminus is a carboxylic acid Carboxylic Acid Alcohol C Ester + Water ' C ' + 2 Gylcerol C1225C Triglycerides Fatty Acid (carboxylic acid with long chain) CC1225 Makes Trigylceride C1225C CC1225
9 The three fatty acids can all be the same or different Alcohol Alcohol igh levels of triglycerides is linked to build up of plaque in the arteries = heart disease ' Ether + Water ' + 2 Sugars Celluose Glucose (key factor for sugars lots of hydroxyls) They can react to form chains of sugars polysaccharide Very long ether chain (pretty much all plant material)
10 Condensation eactions (two molecules make one + water) Carboxylic Acid + Amine = Amide + water Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol = Ester + water Alcohol + Alcohol = Ether + water
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