1. Describe the difference between covalent and ionic bonds. What are the electrons doing?

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1 Exam 1 Review Bio 212: 1. Describe the difference between covalent and ionic bonds. What are the electrons doing? 2. Label each picture either a Carbohydrate, Protein, Nucleic Acid, or Fats(Lipid). a. b. c. d. 3. The structural level of a protein in which alpha helixes and beta plated sheets are present is the A. Primary level B. Secondary level C. Tertiary level D. Quaternary level

2 E. Affects all levels equally 4. Facilitated diffusion transport A. requires membrane channel or carrier protein. B. requires ATP hydrolysis. C. requires H + cotransport. D. requires membrane potential. E. requires osmosis. 5. An electrochemical gradient is NOT dependent upon A. the membrane potential. B. the chemical concentration gradient. C. facilitated diffusion. D. active transport. E. osmosis. 6. Match the following monomers: carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids A. amino acids B. nucleotides C. sugars D. phospholipid 7. A is formed by a specific electrostatic interaction between an electronegative atom and a H atom. A. Covalent bond B. Peptide bond C. Hydrogen bond D. Ionic Bond E. Hydrophilic Hydrophobic attraction 8. Why are biological membranes important to life and this class? 9. The lipid bilayer is held together primarily by: a. The repulsion of phospholipid tails and water b. Linkage of phospholipids together by ester bonds c. High concentration of transmembrane proteins and cholesterol d. Hydrogen bonds and Van deer Waals forces

3 10. Lauren LOVES water and cause she LOVES it so much she often overfills her glass and the water bulges over the top but does spill, why is this? a. Adhesion b. Cohesion c. A miracle for Lauren so she can have more! d. Colligative property 11. If a strand of DNA has 20% Adenine, How much of Guanine is there? 12. Which of these answers correctly identifies the macromolecules from left to right a. A is a carbohydrate, B is a lipid, C is a nucleic acid b. A is a lipid, B is a carbohydrate, C is a protein c. A is a nucleic acid, B is a lipid, C is a protein d. A is a nucleic acid, B is a carbohydrate, C is a protein 13. A cation occurs when a neutral atom or molecule a. Loses an electron b. Gains a neutron c. Loses a proton d. Gains an electron

4 14. The side chain of tyrosine is best classified as e. Polar uncharged f. Nonpolar g. Basic h. Acidic 15. The nucleic acid is: a. Basic b. Acidic c. Nonpolar d. Polar 16. The amino acid is: a. Basic b. Acidic c. Nonpolar d. Polar 17. DNA is described as less reactive than RNA or protein. The reason can be attributed to which one of the below? a. DNA double helix introduces more stability b. Lack of the OH group in the 2 sugar of DNA c. The hydrophobic interactions within the nonpolar nitrogenous bases are hard to disrupt. d. All of the above

5 18. If you were to put phospholipids into a cup of vegetable oil, which picture shows what could be expected? a. A b. B c. C d. D 19. Unsaturated Fatty Acids have only single bonds (True / False?) Explain why if false. 20. What is permeability and list four factors that influence permeability? 21. What part of the phospholipid bilayer have hydrophobic properties? a. Nonpolar tails b. Nonpolar heads c. Polar tails d. Polar heads

6 Ionic Bonds 22. Fill in the chart: What are the electrons doing? An example Covalent Bonds Hydrogen Bonds 23. What are the three parts that make up an amino acid? a. Amino group, carboxyl group, side chain b. Glucose group, carboxyl group, side chain c. Amino group, water group, nitrogenous base d. Amino group, carboxyl group, nitrogenous base 24. What are the three parts that make up a Nucleic Acid? a. Phosphate group, five carbon sugar, water group b. Phosphate group, six carbon sugar, water group c. Glucose group, five carbon sugar, nitrogenous base d. Phosphate group, five carbon sugar, nitrogenous base 25. What is the structural difference between an RNA structure and a DNA structure? a. RNA does not have a phosphate group b. DNA has an extra Carbon, making it a six carbon sugar c. RNA has an OH on its five carbon sugar while DNA has an H d. DNA does not have a phosphate group

7 26. What is the general formula for a carbohydrate? a. C n (H 2 O) n b. C n H n c. C n On Hn d. (H O) C n What is NOT a kind of lipid? a. Fats b. Steroids c. Phospholipid d. Glucose 28. If a solution is hypotonic to the cell, which of the following will happen a. Nothing. The phospholipid membrane stops the solutes from moving. b. The water moves into the cell because it has a greater number of solutes. c. The water moves out of the cell because it has a lesser number of solutes. d. The ions in the cell move out because they want to follow the chemical gradient. 29. Label the following as active transport or passive transport. What is the difference between the two kinds of transport? What kind of molecules need active compared to passive. a. Pumps b. Diffusion c. Channels d. Osmosis e. Carrier Proteins Differences: Molecules Transported: 30. Which of the following is not true: If a molecule is being moved by secondary transport, it is: a. Being moved with the gradient b. Required energy from a second molecule to power its transportation c. Being moved against the chemical gradient d. Is used to move ions and large molecules

8 31. True or False: Water moves from regions of low solute concentration to high solute concentrations, while solutes move from areas of high concentrate to areas of low concentration. 32. Crenation occurs when: a. The plant cell pulls away from the cell wall b. The blood cell burst c. When the base pair and the sugar react to create water d. The blood cell shrinks 33. Draw what will happen when the solution is at equilibrium if the purple circles are fructose and the pink circles are CCl4: 34.Put the following in order of high permeability and low permeability a. Large, polar molecules b. Small, polar molecules c. Ions d. Small, nonpolar molecules 35. Match the following molecules to the four kinds of molecules which cross membranes above. e. urea (CH 4 N 2 O) f. methane (CH4) g. Sulfite (SO3 2 ) h. sulfur dioxide (SO2)