Lipids and Membranes

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Lipids and Membranes"

Transcription

1 Lipids and Membranes Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy

2 Membrane transport D. Endocytosis and Exocytosis Macromolecules that are too large to pass through biological membranes are taken into cells by a process called endocytosis. Receptor-mediated endocytosis being with binding of macromolecules to specific receptor protein in the plasma membrane of the cell. The membrane then invaginates, forming a vesicle that contains the bound molecules called phagosome (figure 9.36), then the vesicle can fuse with endosome (another type of vesicle) and then with a lysosome that is caused degraded. Alternatively, the ligand, the receptor, or both can be recycled from the endosome back to the plasma membrane, Exocytosis is similar to endocytosis, except the direction is reversed. The materials destined for secretion from the cell enclosed in the vesicles by the golgi apparatus. The vesicle then fuse with the plasma membrane.

3 Membrane transport D. Endocytosis and Exocytosis Figure 9.36: Endocytosis and Exocytosis

4 Drug-Receptor Theories Divided to A. Cell-surface (extracellular) receptors 1. G Protein as signal transducers such as 1. The adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway and 2. The Inositol-Phospholipid Signaling Pathway. 2. Tyrosine kinase receptor such as insulin tyrosine kinase receptor 3. Ligand-gated ion channels. B. Intracellular receptor; steroid hormones

5 Transduction of extracellular signals * The plasma membrane of all cells contain specific receptor that allow the cell to respond to external chemical stimuli that cannot cross membrane. * Chemotaxis: A chemical signal via cell surface receptor to the flagella in bacteria, causing the bacterium swim toward food or away from toxic chemicals. * Hormones: molecules that allow cells in one part of an organisms to communicate with cells in another part of the same organism. * Neurotransmitters: substances that transmit nerve messages at synapses. * Growth factor: proteins that regulate cell proliferation. * A general mechanism for signal transduction (figure 9.37) a ligand binds to its specific receptor on the surface of the target cell. This generates a signal passed through a membrane protein transducer to a membrane bound effector enzyme. The action of the effector enzyme generates an intracellular second messenger which may be nuclear effectors and cellular response.

6 Transduction of extracellular signals * A single ligand receptor can interact with a number of transducer which can activate several effector enzyme, production many second messenger to activate many kinase enzymes which catalyze phosphorylation of many target protein this series is called cascade.

7 Transduction of extracellular signals A. G Protein are signal transducers: such as 1. The adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway 2. The Inositol-Phospholipid Signaling Pathway

8 Transduction of extracellular signals B. The adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway: 1) Hormone binds to a specific receptor. 2) GDP exchange to GTP on Gs and dissociation of the β and γ (Figure 9.39). 3) (G S, α, and GTP), moves to adenylyl cyclase (effector enzyme) and activates it. 4) Adenylyl cyclase cleaves ATP to camp and PPi. Note: effector enzyme can respond to stimulatory G protein (G S ) or inhibitory G protein (G i ). 5) camp (second messenger) activate protein kinase A at the cytosol. 6) Phosphorylation of cellular proteins to get cellular responses to the hormone. (see figure 9.43).

9 Transduction of extracellular signals A. G Protein are signal transducers

10 Transduction of extracellular signals: B. The adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway

11 Transduction of extracellular signals B. The adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway: The effector enzyme is adenylyl cyclase. The second messenger is cyclic AMP (camp). Regulation of The adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway 1. Hormone that bind to inhibitory G protein (G i ) inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity (figure 9.43). 2. camp concentration in the cytosol increases. camp phosphodieterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of camp to 5ˋAMP. 3. GTPase convert GTP to GDP, results inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity (Figure 9.38).

12 Transduction of extracellular signals B. The adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway * camp concentration in the cytosol increases. camp phosphodieterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of camp to AMP. * the methylated purines caffeine and theophylline inhibit prolong and intensify camp phosphodieterase and hence the activating effects of the stimulatory hormones.

13 Bacterial toxin and G Proteins Cholera toxin 1. Inter to the cytosol and activated the adenylyl cyclase by inactive GTPase so prevent forming GDP from GTP and prevent forming the inactive G protein (Gs, GDP, αβγ subunits) ; so 2. the camp level stay high 3.Dehydration result Pertussis toxin 1. Inhibit Gi protein due to the GDP can not replace with GTP; so 2. camp level stay high 3. Whooping cough

14 C. The Inositol-Phospholipid Signaling Pathway: see video 1. Hormone binds to to transmembrane receptor. 2. GDP exchange to GTP on Gq and dissociation of the β and γ. 3. (Gq, α, and GTP), moves to Phospholipase C (PLC) which is the effector enzyme and activates it. 4. PLC cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bis-phosphate (PIP 2 ) to inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ) and Diacylglycerol (DAG). (IP 3 and DAG are second messenger) 5. IP 3 binds to a specific intracellular receptor calcium channel on the endoplasmic reticulum, releasing sequestered Ca +2. (Ca +2 is a second messenger). 6. Diacylglycerol (DAG) and Ca +2 activate protein kinase C at the surface of the plasma membrane. 7. Phosphorylation of cellular proteins produces some of the cellular responses to the hormone. The Inositol-Phospholipid Signaling Pathway IP3, DAG and Ca+2 are second messengers Phospholipase C (PLC) is an effector enzyme.

15 C. The Inositol-Phospholipid Signaling Pathway: see video IP3, DAG and Ca +2 are second messengers Phospholipase C (PLC) is an effector enzyme. Note: The calcium signal is short time Ca +2 is pumped back into lumen of endoplasmic reticulum when channel is closed. DAG activates protein kinase C by increasing its affinity for calcium ions. protein kinase C catalyzes phosphorylation of protein (serinethreonine kinase family).

16 C. The Inositol-Phospholipid Signaling Pathway Several ways turned off the Inositol-phospholipid pathway 1. When GTP is hydrolyzed, Gq returns to its inactive. 2. The activation of IP3 is transient (short). IP3 hydrolyzed to other inositol phosphate. DAG converted to phosphatidate. (Both inositol and posphatidate are recycled back to phosphatidylinositol) 3. Phosphatidylinositol and extracellular signals lead to hydrolases sphingolipids to 1. sphingosine, 2. sphingosine1-phosphate and 3. ceramide. sphingosine inhibit protein kinase. Ceramide activate protein kinase and protein phosphatase. sphingosine1-phosphate activate phospholipase D

17 C. The Inositol-Phospholipid Signaling Pathway

18 D. Receptor Tyrosine kinases :Receptor tyrosine kinase exists of monomer free flooding in the cell membrane each receptor has an extracellular domain and intracellular domain. Activation of receptor tyrosine kinase: 1. Ligands bind to receptor on extracellular domain induce receptor dimerization and become activated. 2. After tyrosine kinase dimerises it autophosphorylation, the tyrosine kinase of one monomer add phosphate group to other monomer. 3. The phosphorylated dimer can catalyze phosphorylation of cytosolic proteins.

19 D. Receptor Tyrosine kinases example: The insulin receptor is an α 2 β 2 tetramer. Figure 9.47

20 D. Receptor Tyrosine kinases Activation of insulin tyrosine kinase receptor: 1. Insulin bind to receptor tyrosine kinase to activated, 2. leading to autophosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrates (IRSs) interact with phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI kinase) at the plasma membrane. 3. PI kinase act as effector enzyme, catalyzes phosphorylated PIP2 to PIP3. 4. PIP3 act as a second messenger and activate the protein kinases to phosphorylate the cellular proteins (cellular response). Note: The effector enzyme is phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI kinase). The second messenger is PIP3.

21 E. Ligand-and Voltage-Gated Channels: 1. When acetylcholine bind to the α- subunits, a conformational change causes the opening of the ion in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) also called ionotropc receptor, 2. which allows Na+ to follow downs its concentration gradients into cells, producing a localized excitatory postsynaptic potential a depolarization. 3. Involved in fast synaptic transmission.

22 F. Intracellular receptor; steroid hormones Lipophilic or hydrophobic ligands (steroid hormones) enter the cells by diffusion and bind to and activate a receptor in cytoplasm or nucleus. The activator receptor complex regulates transcription and protein synthesis. Example of intracellular receptors: 1. Steroid hormones receptor 2. IP 3 binds to a specific intracellular receptor calcium channel on the endoplasmic reticulum, releasing sequestered Ca +2.

23

Sarah Jaar Marah Al-Darawsheh

Sarah Jaar Marah Al-Darawsheh 22 Sarah Jaar Marah Al-Darawsheh Faisal Mohammad Receptors can be membrane proteins (for water-soluble hormones/ligands) or intracellular (found in the cytosol or nucleus and bind to DNA, for lipid-soluble

More information

Chapter 11. Cell Communication

Chapter 11. Cell Communication Chapter 11 Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet Cell-to-cell communication Is absolutely essential for multicellular organisms Concept 11.1: External signals are converted into responses

More information

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition. Lectures by Chris Romero. Neil Campbell and Jane Reece

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition. Lectures by Chris Romero. Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Overview: The Cellular Internet Cell-to-cell communication Is absolutely

More information

Cell Signaling part 2

Cell Signaling part 2 15 Cell Signaling part 2 Functions of Cell Surface Receptors Other cell surface receptors are directly linked to intracellular enzymes. The largest family of these is the receptor protein tyrosine kinases,

More information

Propagation of the Signal

Propagation of the Signal OpenStax-CNX module: m44452 1 Propagation of the Signal OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section,

More information

Receptors and Drug Action. Dr. Subasini Pharmacology Department Ishik University, Erbil

Receptors and Drug Action. Dr. Subasini Pharmacology Department Ishik University, Erbil Receptors and Drug Action Dr. Subasini Pharmacology Department Ishik University, Erbil Receptors and Drug Action Receptor Receptor is defined as a macromolecule or binding site located on the surface or

More information

BCOR 011 Lecture 19 Oct 12, 2005 I. Cell Communication Signal Transduction Chapter 11

BCOR 011 Lecture 19 Oct 12, 2005 I. Cell Communication Signal Transduction Chapter 11 BCOR 011 Lecture 19 Oct 12, 2005 I. Cell Communication Signal Transduction Chapter 11 External signal is received and converted to another form to elicit a response 1 Lecture Outline 1. Types of intercellular

More information

Lecture 9: Cell Communication I

Lecture 9: Cell Communication I 02.05.10 Lecture 9: Cell Communication I Multicellular organisms need to coordinate cellular functions in different tissues Cell-to-cell communication is also used by single celled organisms to signal

More information

Receptors Families. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia

Receptors Families. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia Receptors Families Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia Receptor Families 1. Ligand-gated ion channels 2. G protein coupled receptors 3. Enzyme-linked

More information

Signal Transduction Cascades

Signal Transduction Cascades Signal Transduction Cascades Contents of this page: Kinases & phosphatases Protein Kinase A (camp-dependent protein kinase) G-protein signal cascade Structure of G-proteins Small GTP-binding proteins,

More information

Plasma membranes. Plasmodesmata between plant cells. Gap junctions between animal cells Cell junctions. Cell-cell recognition

Plasma membranes. Plasmodesmata between plant cells. Gap junctions between animal cells Cell junctions. Cell-cell recognition Cell Communication Cell Signaling Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Communicate by chemical messengers Animal and plant cells have cell junctions that directly connect

More information

Chapter 20. Cell - Cell Signaling: Hormones and Receptors. Three general types of extracellular signaling. endocrine signaling. paracrine signaling

Chapter 20. Cell - Cell Signaling: Hormones and Receptors. Three general types of extracellular signaling. endocrine signaling. paracrine signaling Chapter 20 Cell - Cell Signaling: Hormones and Receptors Three general types of extracellular signaling endocrine signaling paracrine signaling autocrine signaling Endocrine Signaling - signaling molecules

More information

Lecture: CHAPTER 13 Signal Transduction Pathways

Lecture: CHAPTER 13 Signal Transduction Pathways Lecture: 10 17 2016 CHAPTER 13 Signal Transduction Pathways Chapter 13 Outline Signal transduction cascades have many components in common: 1. Release of a primary message as a response to a physiological

More information

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 6 - CELL COMMUNICATION.

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 6 - CELL COMMUNICATION. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: CELL-TO-CELL CONNECTIONS AND SIGNALING Gap and Tight Junctions: Adjacent cells communicate and hold on to each other via junctions. Two important kinds: Gap Junctions are

More information

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

G-Protein Signaling. Introduction to intracellular signaling. Dr. SARRAY Sameh, Ph.D

G-Protein Signaling. Introduction to intracellular signaling. Dr. SARRAY Sameh, Ph.D G-Protein Signaling Introduction to intracellular signaling Dr. SARRAY Sameh, Ph.D Cell signaling Cells communicate via extracellular signaling molecules (Hormones, growth factors and neurotransmitters

More information

Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule

Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule Cell Communication Cell Communication Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule receptor protein: the molecule to which the ligand binds (may be on the plasma membrane or within

More information

Chapter 11. Cell Communication. Signal Transduction Pathways

Chapter 11. Cell Communication. Signal Transduction Pathways Chapter 11 Cell Communication Signal Transduction Pathways Signal-Transduction Pathway Signal on a cell s surface is converted into a specific cellular response Local signaling (short distance) - Paracrine

More information

Chapter 15: Signal transduction

Chapter 15: Signal transduction Chapter 15: Signal transduction Know the terminology: Enzyme-linked receptor, G-protein linked receptor, nuclear hormone receptor, G-protein, adaptor protein, scaffolding protein, SH2 domain, MAPK, Ras,

More information

BIOLOGY. Cell Communication CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick

BIOLOGY. Cell Communication CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 11 Cell Communication Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Cellular Messaging Cells can signal to

More information

Membrane associated receptor transfers the information. Second messengers relay information

Membrane associated receptor transfers the information. Second messengers relay information Membrane associated receptor transfers the information Most signals are polar and large Few of the signals are nonpolar Receptors are intrinsic membrane proteins Extracellular and intracellular domains

More information

GPCR. General Principles of Cell Signaling G-protein-Coupled Receptors Enzyme-Coupled Receptors Other Signaling Pathways. G-protein-Coupled Receptors

GPCR. General Principles of Cell Signaling G-protein-Coupled Receptors Enzyme-Coupled Receptors Other Signaling Pathways. G-protein-Coupled Receptors G-protein-Coupled Receptors General Principles of Cell Signaling G-protein-Coupled Receptors Enzyme-Coupled Receptors Other Signaling Pathways GPCR G-protein-coupled receptors Figure 15-30 Molecular Biology

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Signaling

Chapter 9. Cellular Signaling Chapter 9 Cellular Signaling Cellular Messaging Page 215 Cells can signal to each other and interpret the signals they receive from other cells and the environment Signals are most often chemicals The

More information

Cell Communication. Local and Long Distance Signaling

Cell Communication. Local and Long Distance Signaling Cell Communication Cell to cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Some universal mechanisms of cellular regulation providing more evidence for the evolutionary relatedness of all life

More information

Signal Transduction: G-Protein Coupled Receptors

Signal Transduction: G-Protein Coupled Receptors Signal Transduction: G-Protein Coupled Receptors Federle, M. (2017). Lectures 4-5: Signal Transduction parts 1&2: nuclear receptors and GPCRs. Lecture presented at PHAR 423 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy,

More information

Mechanisms of Hormone Action

Mechanisms of Hormone Action Mechanisms of Hormone Action General principles: 1. Signals act over different ranges. 2. Signals have different chemical natures. 3. The same signal can induce a different response in different cells.

More information

Physiology Unit 1 CELL SIGNALING: CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS

Physiology Unit 1 CELL SIGNALING: CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS Physiology Unit 1 CELL SIGNALING: CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS In Physiology Today Cell Communication Homeostatic mechanisms maintain a normal balance of the body s internal environment

More information

Revision. camp pathway

Revision. camp pathway االله الرحمن الرحيم بسم Revision camp pathway camp pathway Revision camp pathway Adenylate cyclase Adenylate Cyclase enzyme Adenylate cyclase catalyses the formation of camp from ATP. Stimulation or inhibition

More information

Cell Communication. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Cell Communication. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

Resp & Cell Comm Review

Resp & Cell Comm Review Resp & Cell Comm Review Two main catabolic processes: fermentation: partial degradation of sugars in the absence of oxygen. cellular respiration: uses oxygen to complete the breakdown of many organic molecules.

More information

Receptor mediated Signal Transduction

Receptor mediated Signal Transduction Receptor mediated Signal Transduction G-protein-linked receptors adenylyl cyclase camp PKA Organization of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases From G.M. Cooper, The Cell. A molecular approach, 2004, third

More information

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Chapter 9. Communication between cells requires:

Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Chapter 9. Communication between cells requires: Chapter 9 Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule receptor protein: the molecule to which the receptor binds -may be on the plasma membrane or within the cell 2 There are four

More information

UNIT 3: Signal transduction. Prof K Syed Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology University of Zululand Room no. 247

UNIT 3: Signal transduction. Prof K Syed Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology University of Zululand Room no. 247 UNIT 3: Signal transduction Prof K Syed Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology University of Zululand Room no. 247 SyedK@unizulu.ac.za Topics Signal transduction Terminology G-protein signaling pathway

More information

Signal Transduction Pathways. Part 2

Signal Transduction Pathways. Part 2 Signal Transduction Pathways Part 2 GPCRs G-protein coupled receptors > 700 GPCRs in humans Mediate responses to senses taste, smell, sight ~ 1000 GPCRs mediate sense of smell in mouse Half of all known

More information

BIOLOGY. Cell Communication CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick

BIOLOGY. Cell Communication CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 11 Cell Communication Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Cellular Messaging Cells can signal to

More information

Chapter 11 Cell Communication Guided Reading. 3. How do intercellular connections function in cell to cell communication?

Chapter 11 Cell Communication Guided Reading. 3. How do intercellular connections function in cell to cell communication? AP Biology TEXT: Biology, Campbell and Reece 7 th Edition Name Chapter 11 Cell Communication Guided Reading This chapter is often considered difficult as you have not covered it in an introductory biology

More information

Lecture 15. Signal Transduction Pathways - Introduction

Lecture 15. Signal Transduction Pathways - Introduction Lecture 15 Signal Transduction Pathways - Introduction So far.. Regulation of mrna synthesis Regulation of rrna synthesis Regulation of trna & 5S rrna synthesis Regulation of gene expression by signals

More information

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 19: Cell Signaling Pathways and Gene Expression

Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 19: Cell Signaling Pathways and Gene Expression Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 19: Cell Signaling Pathways and Gene Expression Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which statement about cell signaling is correct? Question #1 (A) Cell signaling involves receiving

More information

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Key Concepts in Chapter 11. Cellular Messaging. Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Key Concepts in Chapter 11. Cellular Messaging. Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Chapter 11 Cell Communication Dr. Wendy Sera Houston Community College Biology 1406 Key Concepts in Chapter 11 1. External signals are converted to responses within the cell. 2. Reception: A signaling

More information

Organization of lectures: Cell Signaling I: Sex, Drugs and Violence. Cell signaling is central to modern medicine. Forms of Cell Signaling

Organization of lectures: Cell Signaling I: Sex, Drugs and Violence. Cell signaling is central to modern medicine. Forms of Cell Signaling Cell Signaling I: Sex, Drugs and Violence Joe W. Ramos jramos@crch.hawaii.edu www.crch.org/profiles/jramos Organization of lectures: General Principles of signaling cascades Hormone Signaling Signaling

More information

Asma Karameh Omar Sami

Asma Karameh Omar Sami 5 Asma Karameh Omar Sami Mohammad khatatbeh Happy day friends! This lecture will be discussing what we have said in the previous lectures relating to different mechanisms of transport across a biological

More information

- Biosignaling: Signal transduction. References: chapter 8 of Lippincots chapter 1 3 of Lehningers

- Biosignaling: Signal transduction. References: chapter 8 of Lippincots chapter 1 3 of Lehningers Basic concepts of Metabolism Metabolism and metabolic pathway Metabolic Map Catabolism Anabolism - Regulation of Metabolism Signals from within the cell (Intracellular) Communication between cells. - Biosignaling:

More information

Effects of Second Messengers

Effects of Second Messengers Effects of Second Messengers Inositol trisphosphate Diacylglycerol Opens Calcium Channels Binding to IP 3 -gated Channel Cooperative binding Activates Protein Kinase C is required Phosphorylation of many

More information

2013 W. H. Freeman and Company. 12 Signal Transduction

2013 W. H. Freeman and Company. 12 Signal Transduction 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company 12 Signal Transduction CHAPTER 12 Signal Transduction Key topics: General features of signal transduction Structure and function of G protein coupled receptors Structure

More information

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

Cellular Messengers. Intracellular Communication

Cellular Messengers. Intracellular Communication Cellular Messengers Intracellular Communication Most common cellular communication is done through extracellular chemical messengers: Ligands Specific in function 1. Paracrines Local messengers (neighboring

More information

Regulation of cell function by intracellular signaling

Regulation of cell function by intracellular signaling Regulation of cell function by intracellular signaling Objectives: Regulation principle Allosteric and covalent mechanisms, Popular second messengers, Protein kinases, Kinase cascade and interaction. regulation

More information

11/8/16. Cell Signaling Mechanisms. Dr. Abercrombie 11/8/2016. Principal Parts of Neurons A Signal Processing Computer

11/8/16. Cell Signaling Mechanisms. Dr. Abercrombie 11/8/2016. Principal Parts of Neurons A Signal Processing Computer Cell Signaling Mechanisms Dr. Abercrombie 11/8/2016 Principal Parts of Neurons A Signal Processing Computer A Multitude of Synapses and Synaptic Actions Summation/Synaptic Integration 1 The Synapse Signal

More information

Biochemie 4. Cell communication - GPCR

Biochemie 4. Cell communication - GPCR Biochemie 4 Cell communication - GPCR 1 Lecture outline General principles - local and long-distance signaling - classes of receptors - molecular switches and second messengers Receptor tyrosine kinases

More information

Drug Receptor Interactions and Pharmacodynamics

Drug Receptor Interactions and Pharmacodynamics Drug Receptor Interactions and Pharmacodynamics Dr. Raz Mohammed MSc Pharmacology School of Pharmacy 22.10.2017 Lec 6 Pharmacodynamics definition Pharmacodynamics describes the actions of a drug on the

More information

Cellular Signaling Pathways. Signaling Overview

Cellular Signaling Pathways. Signaling Overview Cellular Signaling Pathways Signaling Overview Signaling steps Synthesis and release of signaling molecules (ligands) by the signaling cell. Transport of the signal to the target cell Detection of the

More information

By the name of Allah

By the name of Allah By the name of Allah Receptors function and signal transduction ( Hormones and receptors Types) We were talking about receptors of the neurotransmitters; we have 2 types of receptors: 1- Ionotropic receptors

More information

2402 : Anatomy/Physiology

2402 : Anatomy/Physiology Dr. Chris Doumen Lecture 2 2402 : Anatomy/Physiology The Endocrine System G proteins and Adenylate Cyclase /camp TextBook Readings Pages 405 and 599 through 603. Make use of the figures in your textbook

More information

Cell Biology Lecture 9 Notes Basic Principles of cell signaling and GPCR system

Cell Biology Lecture 9 Notes Basic Principles of cell signaling and GPCR system Cell Biology Lecture 9 Notes Basic Principles of cell signaling and GPCR system Basic Elements of cell signaling: Signal or signaling molecule (ligand, first messenger) o Small molecules (epinephrine,

More information

PHSI3009 Frontiers in Cellular Physiology 2017

PHSI3009 Frontiers in Cellular Physiology 2017 Overview of PHSI3009 L2 Cell membrane and Principles of cell communication L3 Signalling via G protein-coupled receptor L4 Calcium Signalling L5 Signalling via Growth Factors L6 Signalling via small G-protein

More information

BIOL1040 Study Guide Sample

BIOL1040 Study Guide Sample BIOL1040 Study Guide Sample Introduction: BIOL1040 is perhaps one of the hardest first year subjects due to both the 85% final exam and the amount of content involved. However it is conquerable and these

More information

Biosignals, Chapter 8, rearranged, Part I

Biosignals, Chapter 8, rearranged, Part I Biosignals, Chapter 8, rearranged, Part I Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: A Ligand-Binding Ion Channel Classes of Receptor Proteins in Eukaryotes, Heterotrimeric G Proteins Signaling View the Heterotrimeric

More information

General Principles of Endocrine Physiology

General Principles of Endocrine Physiology General Principles of Endocrine Physiology By Dr. Isabel S.S. Hwang Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong The major human endocrine glands Endocrine glands and hormones

More information

Cellular Communication

Cellular Communication Cellular Communication But before we get into that What have we learned about so far? Energy and Matter Why do living things need energy? Grow Reproduce Maintain homeostasis Cellular signaling Cells communicate

More information

Bio 111 Study Guide Chapter 11 Cell Communication

Bio 111 Study Guide Chapter 11 Cell Communication Bio 111 Study Guide Chapter 11 Cell Communication BEFORE CLASS: Reading: Read the introduction on p. 210, and for Concept 11.1, read from the first full paragraph on p. 212. Read all of Concept 11.2. Pay

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS Vol. I - Biochemistry of Vitamins, Hormones and Other Messenger Molecules - Chris Whiteley

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS Vol. I - Biochemistry of Vitamins, Hormones and Other Messenger Molecules - Chris Whiteley BIOCHEMISTRY OF VITAMINS, HORMONES AND OTHER MESSENGER MOLECULES Chris Whiteley Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa Keywords: phosphorylation, phosphorylase,

More information

Cell Signaling and Communication - 1

Cell Signaling and Communication - 1 Cell Signaling and Communication - 1 Just as we communicate with other humans in a number of different ways, cells communicate with other cells and with their external environment with a set of cell signal

More information

Introduction! Introduction! Introduction! Chem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 2

Introduction! Introduction! Introduction! Chem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 2 Chem 452 - Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 2 Questions of the Day: How does the hormone insulin trigger the uptake of glucose in the cells that it targets. Introduction! Signal transduction

More information

General principles: Cells sense and respond to the environment. 1. Signals act over different ranges. 2. Signals have different chemical natures.

General principles: Cells sense and respond to the environment. 1. Signals act over different ranges. 2. Signals have different chemical natures. 3 4 BCOR 011 Lecture 19 Oct 12, 2005. Cell Communication Signal Transduction Chapter 11 Lecture Outline 1. Types of intercellular communication 2. The primary receiver Receptors 3. the concept of AMPLIFICATION

More information

BL 424 Chapter 15: Cell Signaling; Signal Transduction

BL 424 Chapter 15: Cell Signaling; Signal Transduction BL 424 Chapter 15: Cell Signaling; Signal Transduction All cells receive and respond to signals from their environments. The behavior of each individual cell in multicellular plants and animals must be

More information

Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction- L4- L5

Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction- L4- L5 Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction- L4- L5 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD University of Jordan 1 PKC Phosphorylates many substrates, can activate kinase pathway, gene regulation PLC- signaling pathway

More information

Enzymes Part III: regulation II. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017

Enzymes Part III: regulation II. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017 Enzymes Part III: regulation II Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017 Advantage This is a major mechanism for rapid and transient regulation of enzyme activity. A most common mechanism is enzyme phosphorylation

More information

G-Proteins Receptors and 2nd Messenger Mechanism

G-Proteins Receptors and 2nd Messenger Mechanism G-Proteins Receptors and 2nd Messenger Mechanism (A lot of information in this sheet is repeated over and over. In my opinion, this is the easiest lecture, enjoy ) Recap: Receptors are specific protein

More information

Hormones and Signal Transduction. Dr. Kevin Ahern

Hormones and Signal Transduction. Dr. Kevin Ahern Dr. Kevin Ahern Signaling Outline Signaling Outline Background Signaling Outline Background Membranes Signaling Outline Background Membranes Hormones & Receptors Signaling Outline Background Membranes

More information

Relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway

Relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway Cell Signaling Figure 11.6-3 EXTRACELLULAR FLUID Plasma membrane CYTOPLASM 1 Reception 2 Transduction 3 Response Receptor Relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway Activation of cellular response

More information

Cell Communication - 1

Cell Communication - 1 Cell Communication - 1 Just as we communicate with other humans (a number of different ways), cells communicate with other cells, to interact with the external environment and to make appropriate responses

More information

Cellular Physiology (PHSI3009) Contents:

Cellular Physiology (PHSI3009) Contents: Cellular Physiology (PHSI3009) Contents: Cell membranes and communication 2 nd messenger systems G-coupled protein signalling Calcium signalling Small G-protein signalling o RAS o MAPK o PI3K RHO GTPases

More information

Cell Signaling (part 1)

Cell Signaling (part 1) 15 Cell Signaling (part 1) Introduction Bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes respond to environmental signals and to signaling molecules secreted by other cells for mating and other communication. In multicellular

More information

Lojayn Salah. Razan Aburumman. Faisal Muhammad

Lojayn Salah. Razan Aburumman. Faisal Muhammad 20 Lojayn Salah Razan Aburumman Faisal Muhammad Note: I tried to include everything that's important from the doctor's slides but you can refer back to them after studying this sheet.. After you read this

More information

10/15/2011. Chapter 11 Cell Communication. Outline. Overview: Cellular Messaging. Evolution. Evolution of Signaling

10/15/2011. Chapter 11 Cell Communication. Outline. Overview: Cellular Messaging. Evolution. Evolution of Signaling Chapter 11 Cell Communication Outline I. Cell Signaling II. Forms of cell signaling III. Quick review of cell membrane IV. Cell Surface s I. G- Coupled s II. osine Kinase s III. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

More information

Signaling Through Immune System Receptors (Ch. 7)

Signaling Through Immune System Receptors (Ch. 7) Signaling Through Immune System Receptors (Ch. 7) 1. General principles of signal transduction and propagation. 2. Antigen receptor signaling and lymphocyte activation. 3. Other receptors and signaling

More information

The Tissue Engineer s Toolkit

The Tissue Engineer s Toolkit The Tissue Engineer s Toolkit Stimuli Detection and Response Ken Webb, Ph. D. Assistant Professor Dept. of Bioengineering Clemson University Environmental Stimulus-Cellular Response Environmental Stimuli

More information

LECTURE PRESENTATIONS

LECTURE PRESENTATIONS LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 11 Cell Communication Lectures

More information

Principles of Genetics and Molecular Biology

Principles of Genetics and Molecular Biology Cell signaling Dr. Diala Abu-Hassan, DDS, PhD School of Medicine Dr.abuhassand@gmail.com Principles of Genetics and Molecular Biology www.cs.montana.edu Modes of cell signaling Direct interaction of a

More information

Cell responses to environment-- Signals

Cell responses to environment-- Signals Cell responses to environment-- Signals Signal transduction can coordinate: Development Formation of tissues Timing of cell division Direction of cell enlargement Size and shape of organs Responses to

More information

Ayman Mesleh & Leen Alnemrawi. Bayan Abusheikha. Faisal

Ayman Mesleh & Leen Alnemrawi. Bayan Abusheikha. Faisal 24 Ayman Mesleh & Leen Alnemrawi Bayan Abusheikha Faisal We were talking last time about receptors for lipid soluble hormones.the general mechanism of receptors for lipid soluble hormones: 1. Receptors

More information

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Overview: The Cellular Internet

Cell Communication. Chapter 11. Overview: The Cellular Internet Chapter 11 Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Biologists have discovered some universal mechanisms of cellular regulation

More information

Cellular Communication

Cellular Communication (a) Communicating cell junctions. by direct cell-cell contact lasma membranes 1. Direct cell contact. Vesicle-mediated 3. Chemical messengers (b) Cell-cell recognition. Gap junctions between animal cells

More information

INTERACTION DRUG BODY

INTERACTION DRUG BODY INTERACTION DRUG BODY What the drug does to the body What the body does to the drug Receptors - intracellular receptors - membrane receptors - Channel receptors - G protein-coupled receptors - Tyrosine-kinase

More information

Chapter 11 Guided Reading: Cell Communication

Chapter 11 Guided Reading: Cell Communication Name Chapter 11 Guided Reading: Cell Communication The special challenge in Chapter 11 is not that the material is so difficult, but that most of the material will be completely new to you. Cell communication

More information

Chapter 5 Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Chapter 5 Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers Chapter 5 Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers = How hormones and other signals work Intercellular Communication = Intercellular Signal Transmission Chemical communication Electrical communication Intercellular

More information

Cell Communication CHAPTER 11

Cell Communication CHAPTER 11 Cell Communication CHAPTER 11 What you should know: The 3 stages of cell communication: reception, transduction, and response. How a receptor protein recognizes signal molecules and starts transduction.

More information

Enzyme-coupled Receptors. Cell-surface receptors 1. Ion-channel-coupled receptors 2. G-protein-coupled receptors 3. Enzyme-coupled receptors

Enzyme-coupled Receptors. Cell-surface receptors 1. Ion-channel-coupled receptors 2. G-protein-coupled receptors 3. Enzyme-coupled receptors Enzyme-coupled Receptors Cell-surface receptors 1. Ion-channel-coupled receptors 2. G-protein-coupled receptors 3. Enzyme-coupled receptors Cell-surface receptors allow a flow of ions across the plasma

More information

Signal-Transduction Cascades - 2. The Phosphoinositide Cascade

Signal-Transduction Cascades - 2. The Phosphoinositide Cascade Signal-Transduction Cascades - 2 The Phosphoinositide Cascade Calcium ion as a second messenger Tyrosine kinase and receptor dimerization scribd.com Faisal Khatib JU The Phosphoinositide Cascade Used by

More information

Tala Saleh. Ahmad Attari. Mamoun Ahram

Tala Saleh. Ahmad Attari. Mamoun Ahram 23 Tala Saleh Ahmad Attari Minna Mushtaha Mamoun Ahram In the previous lecture, we discussed the mechanisms of regulating enzymes through inhibitors. Now, we will start this lecture by discussing regulation

More information

Signal Transduction: Information Metabolism. Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire

Signal Transduction: Information Metabolism. Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Signal Transduction: Information Metabolism Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction Information Metabolism How cells receive, process and respond

More information

Reading Packet 2- Cells Unit. Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell 1. What is resolving power?

Reading Packet 2- Cells Unit. Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell 1. What is resolving power? AP Biology Reading Packet 2- Cells Unit Name Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell 1. What is resolving power? 2. How is an electron microscope different from a light microscope and what is the difference between

More information

Biol220 Cell Signalling Cyclic AMP the classical secondary messenger

Biol220 Cell Signalling Cyclic AMP the classical secondary messenger Biol220 Cell Signalling Cyclic AMP the classical secondary messenger The classical secondary messenger model of intracellular signalling A cell surface receptor binds the signal molecule (the primary

More information

PHRM20001 NOTES PART 1 Lecture 1 History of Pharmacology- Key Principles

PHRM20001 NOTES PART 1 Lecture 1 History of Pharmacology- Key Principles PHRM20001 NOTES PART 1 Lecture 1 History of Pharmacology- Key Principles Hippocrates (5 th century BCE):... benefit my patients according to my greatest ability and judgment, and I will do no harm or injustice

More information

Leen Osama, Lujain Hamdan, Osama Mohd, Razi Kittaneh... Faisal Mohammad

Leen Osama, Lujain Hamdan, Osama Mohd, Razi Kittaneh... Faisal Mohammad 23 Leen Osama, Lujain Hamdan, Osama Mohd, Razi Kittaneh... Faisal Mohammad Revision of previous lectures G-proteins coupled receptors mechanism: When a hormone binds to G-protein coupled receptor, GTP

More information

target effector enzyme is Phospholipase C A. target protein adenylate cyclase camp-> PKA B. target protein phospholipase C two 2nd Messengers:

target effector enzyme is Phospholipase C A. target protein adenylate cyclase camp-> PKA B. target protein phospholipase C two 2nd Messengers: COR 011 Cell Communication II Lect 19 Lecture Outline Signal molecule Activated Ras-GT A G-rotein And they tell friends And they tell friends And they tell friends 1. Finish Trimeric G-rotein: hospholipase

More information

Chem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction

Chem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction Chem 452 - Lecture 10 Signal Transduction 111130 Here we look at the movement of a signal from the outside of a cell to its inside, where it elicits changes within the cell. These changes are usually mediated

More information