small molecules that make up larger molecules organic compound made up of sugar molecules sugar that contains one sugar unit
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1 organic molecule carbon based compound inorganic molecule hydrocarbon functional group hydrophilic NON-carbon based compound organic molecule made of only carbon and hydrogen group of atoms bonded to a compound that behaves in predictable ways attracts water molecules monomer polymer carbohydrate small molecules that make up larger molecules large molecule made up of smaller molecules (monomers) organic compound made up of sugar molecules monosacharide sugar that contains one sugar unit disacharide polysaccharide starch glycogen cellulose sugar that contains two monosacharides sugar that is made up of 3 or more monosaccharides polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers polysaccharide in animal cells (animal version of starch) polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls;
2 lipid aka fats & oils, they are hydrophobic hydrophobic fat saturated fat unsaturated fat steroid cholesterol protein amino acid polypeptide denaturation activation energy catalyst enzyme water avoiding molecules organic compound consisting of a three-carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups chain of linked amino acids loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor -loses function minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction agent that speeds up chemical reactions specialized protein that speeds up chemical reactions
3 substrate active site Name the 4 groups of biological compounds: How many bonds can a single carbon atom form? What kind of reaction occurs when monomers are linked? What molecule is released during a dehydration reaction? What kind of reaction occurs when polymers are broken down/apart? What molecule is required for a hydrolysis reaction? Which type of carbohydrate is utilized for short term energy? Which type of carbohydrate is utilized for longterm energy sources? Which biological molecule is made up of C,H, and O only in ratios of 1:2:1 Steroids fall into which category of biological molecules? Name 3 uses of oils/fats/lipids steroid specific reactant acted on by an enzyme region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits carbohydrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid 4 dehydration reaction water hydrolysis reaction water Sugars starches Carbohydrates Lipids 1. insulate body temperature 2. Store energy 3. Used to form cell membranes a form of a lipid that is a chemical messenger
4 What are the monomers that make up the polymers proteins? Give three functions/uses of proteins. Name the four parts of an amino acid: What are two things that influence the shape of a protein? What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acids? What is different about DNA vs. RNA? What is the monomer of the polymer carbohydrates? What is the monomer that makes up a nucleic acid? What is the monomer that makes up a nucleic acid? Give the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide: How many different types of nitrogen bases are there? Name the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA Name the 4 nitrogen bases found in RNA: Why does a purine always pair with a pyrimidine? amino acids (20 different kinds) 1. Found in muscles and hair 2. Part of immune system 3. Chemical messengers Carboxyl group & Hydrogen & Amine Group & Functional Group varies with a.a. 1. Temperature & 2. ph DNA and RNA The type of sugar sugars nucleotides nucleotides 1. Sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogen base 2: Purines & Pyrimidines Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine It maintains a constant width of "rung" on the DNA molecule
5 Name the 4 shapes hydrocarbon backbones are found in: Name the 4 Functional groups ring, straight chain, & branched chain hydroxyl, amine, carbonyl, carboxyl
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