Cellular Respiration. Honors Biology I

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1 Cellular Respiration Honors Biology I

2 Anaerobic vs. Aerobic 1) Respiration vs. Cellular respiration 2) When you run, you re using respiration to make energy in the form of ATP to allow your muscles to move. 3) Pace quickly drops off 1) Turbo button = anaerobic (without O 2, lactic acid build up) 2) Long distance = aerobic (WITH O 2 )

3 Who Uses Cellular Respiration? Heterotrophs Take organic molecules to make ATP Animals, bacteria, fungi Organic compounds + oxygen à CO2 + H2O + ATP Autotrophs CO2 + H2O à organic compounds (glucose)

4 Brain Pop rlifeandgenetics/cellularrespiration/

5 Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration: Process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP in plants and animals Nutrients + oxygen à water + ATP + CO 2 Changes the chemical energy in glucose into the chemical energy in ATP

6 Cellular Respiration There are three stages of Cellular Respiration: 1. Glycolysis Anaerobic does not require oxygen 2. Citric Acid Cycle Aerobic does require oxygen 3. Electron Transport Chain Aerobic does require oxygen

7 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid This reaction uses enzymes and takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell ATP ATP Enzymes + 2 ATP ATP Glucose Pyruvate Pyruvate ATP Glucose breaks down into 2 pyruvate and 4 ATPs (Net gain of 2 ATP)

8 Produces Glycolysis 2 pyruvic acid molecules (used in the next step of Cellular Respiration) 2 ATP molecules (energy the cell can use) ATP ATP Enzymes + 2 ATP ATP Glucose Pyruvate Pyruvate ATP Glucose breaks down into 2 pyruvate and 4 ATPs (Net gain of 2 ATP)

9 NADH carries electrons to the electron transport chain in mitochondria.

10 Into the Mitochondria Before the next step of Cellular Respiration can occur, the pyruvic acid molecules must go into the mitochondria. The two aerobic reactions are the Citric Acid Cycle (or Krebs Cycle) and the electron transport chain. Pyruvic acid à CO 2 + water + ATP

11 Aerobic Reactions: Citric Acid Cycle & Electron Transport Chain

12 THE KREB S CYCLE ATP Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb Cycle) Pyruvate Pyruvate e e - e - NADH - + FADH CO 2

13 Aerobic Reactions: Citric Acid Cycle & Electron Transport Chain

electrons down the protein chain and slowly release

14 Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain uses the electron carriers (NADH and FADH 2 ) to pass electrons down the protein chain and slowly release energy that is used to form ATP and water molecules LOTS OF ATPs (~34)!!!!

15 Cellular Respiration Glucose Glycolysis 2 ATP Pyruvic Acid Pyruvic Acid Citric Acid Cycle CO 2 NADH and FADH ATPs NADH and FADH Electron Transport Chain Water Oxygen ATPs

16 Cellular Respiration Equation C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy Glucose made in photosynthesis by plants or consumed by animals Used in Glycolysis Oxygen from the atmosphere Used in Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide waste product of the Citric Acid Cycle Water released from Electron Transport Chain Between ATP can be made with this process. This ATP can be used by the cells for cellular metabolism. ATP released from Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain

17 Fermentation When oxygen is not available anaerobic respiration, fermentation, can follow glycolysis in order to continue to produce energy. This is not as efficient as aerobic respiration and produces far fewer ATPs

18 Fermentation Two types of fermentation: Lactic acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation

19 Alcoholic Fermentation Yeast and some bacteria cells are capable of alcoholic fermentation during which glucose is broken down to release CO 2 and ethyl alcohol Glucose à pyruvic acid à alcohol + CO 2 + ATP

20 Alcoholic Fermentation The bubbles formed by the CO 2 make bread rise The alcohol released turns grape juice into wine

21 Lactic acid Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells during strenuous exercise when a lot of energy is required and oxygen is scarce (oxygen debt). Glucose à pyruvic acid à lactic acid + ATP

22 Lactic acid Fermentation The lactic acid is transferred from the muscle cells to the liver where it will be converted back into pyruvic acid The build up of lactic acid in the muscles is what causes them to be fatigued and sore.

23 Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration Stores Energy as glucose Releases Energy in glucose Occurs in Living Cells Uses an Electron Transport Chain Occurs in Plant Cells Occurs in Animal Cells Releases Oxygen Releases Carbon Dioxide Creates Energy Photosynthesis ü ü ü ü ü Neither! Cellular Respiration ü ü ü ü ü ü

Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration.

Section 3: Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the stages