SIMVASTATIN AND EZETIMIBE IN THE DRUG PRODUCTS

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1 SIMVASTATIN AND EZETIMIBE IN THE DRUG PRODUCTS T.V.KAMALI Ph.D. Research Scholar of Bharathiar University Coimbatore Dr. T. ANANDABASKARAN Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar , Tamilnadu ABSTRACT The study aims to identify the validation through various experimental to separate the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe from the drug products and also retention using mobile phase consisting of 0.05M phosphate buffer ph3.0 and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55 at a flow rate of 0.8ml per minute. The experimental are acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, oxidation, neutral hydrolysis, high humidity stress, visible light stress, UV light stress, and thermal stress. The results of the all experiments of the study are no peaks were detected in at the retention time of Simvastatin/Ezetimibe. Degradation products are adequately resolved from Simvastatin/Ezetimibe peak. Peak purity of Simvastatin/Ezetimibe peak meets acceptance criteria. Key Words: Simvastatin, Ezetimibe, and Drugs Introduction Simvastatin is an effective lipid-lowering drug that can decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by up to 50%. Simvastatin had been shown to interact with lipid lowering transcription factor PPAR-alpha (Roy etal. Cell Metabolism 2015) and that interaction might control the neurotrophic action of the drug. The drug is in the form of an inactive lactone that is hydrolyzed after ingestion to produce the active agent. It is a white, nonhygroscopic, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water, and freely soluble in chloroform, methanol, and ethanol. All statins act by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) coenzyme A reductase. HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, the metabolic pathway responsible for the endogenous production of cholesterol. Statins are more effective than other lipid-regulating drugs at lowering LDL-cholesterol concentration, but they are less effective than the fibrates in reducing triglyceride concentration. However, statins reduce cardiovascular disease events and total mortality irrespective of the initial cholesterol concentration. This is a major piece of evidence that statins work in another way than the lowering of cholesterol (called pleiotropic effects). i Simvastatin was introduced in the late 1980s, and since 2006 in many countries, it is available as a generic preparation. This has led to a decrease of the price of most statin drugs, and a reappraisal of the health economics of preventive statin treatment. In the UK in 2008, the typical per-patient cost to the NHS of simvastatin was about 1.50 per month. Statins - cholesterol-lowering drugs - are described by many as a breakthrough in the treatment of life-threatening conditions. But it has emerged that doctors waste tens of millions of pounds on buying unnecessarily expensive versions of the drug. ii Simvastatin has important interactions with grapefruit juice and other drugs, including some that are commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. These interactions are clinically important because increasing simvastatin serum levels above those normally provided by the maximum recommended dose increases the risk of muscle damage, including the otherwise rare and potentially fatal side effect of rhabdomyolysis. iii 62

2 Consuming large amounts of grapefruit juice increases serum levels of simvastatin by up to three-fold, increasing the risk of side effects. The FDA recommends that people taking statins should avoid consuming more than a quart of grapefruit juice per day. Simvastatin also interacts with other drugs, including some used to treat cardiovascular problems. It should not be taken by people who are also taking the antifungal drugs fluconazole, itraconazole, or posaconazole; the antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin, or telithromycin; HIV protease inhibitors; the antidepressant nefazodone; the cardiovascular drug gemfibrozil; the immunosuppressant ciclosporin, or the endometriosis drug danazol. Reduced maximum doses of simvastatin apply for patients taking certain other drugs, including the cardiovascular drugs verapamil, diltiazem, amiodarone, amlodipine, and ranolazine. The FDA is notifying the public of the risk of a rare condition of muscle injury called rhabdomyolysis, which can lead to kidney failure or death, when simvastatin is used with amiodarone. This risk is dose-related and increases when a dose of simvastatin greater than 20 mg per day is given with amiodarone. A revision of the simvastatin labeling in 2002 described an increased risk of rhabdomyolysis when amiodarone is taken with simvastatin doses greater than 20 mg daily. However, the FDA continues to receive reports of rhabdomyolysis in patients treated concurrently with amiodarone and simvastatin, particularly with simvastatin doses greater than 20 mg daily. Prescribers should be aware of the increased risk of rhabdomyolysis when simvastatin is prescribed with amiodarone, and they should avoid doses of simvastatin greater than 20 mg per day in patients taking amiodarone. iv The limitation of simvastatin dose is when used with simvastatin, the following medications can raise the levels of simvastatin in the body and increase the risk of myopathy. Taking no more than the recommended dose of simvastatin with these medications will help keep simvastatin levels in the body at a safer level. Ezetimibe is a drug that lowers plasma cholesterol levels. It acts by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the small intestine. It may be used alone, when other cholesterol-lowering medications are not tolerated, or together with statins when statins alone do not control cholesterol. Ezetimibe is recommended as second line therapy for those intolerant of statins or unable to achieve target LDL cholesterol levels on statins alone by several major medical group practice guidelines, but not by those of the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. Ezetimibe inhibits the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine and decreases the amount of cholesterol normally available to liver cells, leading them to absorb more from circulation and thus lowering levels of circulating cholesterol. The exact mechanism is not known, but it appears that ezetimibe blocks the critical mediator of cholesterol absorption, the Niemann-Pick C1- like 1 (NPC1L1) protein on the gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells as well as in hepatocytes; blocks aminopeptidase N, and interrupts a Caveolin 1-Annexin A2 complex involved in trafficking cholesterol. v The present study is identified a quick assessing method for simultaneous determination of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed method has been validated. Validation met all requirements of ICH Q2(R1). And also, stability of standard and sample solutions and stability of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mobile phase were established, and filter validation was performed. TEST METHOD The preparation of buffer is done by weigh and dissolves 1.36 gm of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in1000ml of milli-q water and adjusts the ph to 3.0 with ortho phosphoric acid. Filter this buffer through 0.45pm Nylon 66 membrane filter. Preparation of mobile phase is through mix of ph 3.0 phosphate buffer and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 45: 55 and degass in a sonicator for 10 minutes with diluents of mobile phase to prepare under the Simvastatin Standard Stock Solution method by transferring accurately about 40 mg of Simvastatin calcium working standard /reference standard, into a 50 ml volumetric flask, add about 30 ml of Methanoland sonicate to dissolve. Dilute to volume with Methanol and mix well. The preparation of Ezetimibe Standard Stock Solution is done by transferring accurately about 25 mg of Ezetimibe working standard / reference standard, accurately weighed into a 200 ml volumetric flask, add about 150 ml of Methanol and sonicate dissolve. Dilute to volume with methanol and mix well. The preparation of standard solution is through the pipette 5 ml of Simvastatin standard stock solution and 4mL of Ezetimibe standard stock into a 50 ml volumetric flask and dilute to volume with methanol and mix well. The test preparation of Simvastatin or Ezetimibe is weighed and crushed not less than ten tablets into fine powder. Weigh the blend equivalent to 80 mg of Simvastatin or 10 mg of Ezetimibe in to 100ml of volumetric flask. Add about 70 ml of diluent sonicate for 30 minutes with intermediate shaking. Dilute to volume with diluent and mix. Centrifuge above solution with lid at 4000 RPM for about 5 minutes. Pipette 5 ml of the above solution into a 50 ml volumetric flask and dilute to volume with diluents and mix. The chromatographic condition of the test is given in the following table: UV visible Column Column temperature Flow rate Injection volume Run time detector 236nm VALIDATION X-terra RP-18 50mm X 4.6mm 5pm or equivalent Ambient 0.8 ml/min 10 pl 5 Minutes 63

3 A standard solution of Simvastatin and Ezetimibe working standard was prepared and injected five times into the high performance liquid chromatography system. Peak area of Simvastatin/Ezetimibe peak, the average peak area for 5replicate injections, its %RSD and the USP tailing factor were calculated. Table No. 1.Validation Parameter Result Ezetimibe Simvastatin Acceptance Criteria Tailing Factor NMT 2.00 %RSD of Peak Area NMT 2.00% Injection Purity Angle Purity Threshold Peak Purity Ezetimibe Simvastatin Ezetimibe Simvastatin Standard Pass Sample Pass Stress Type Photolysis - Acid Base Neutral High Photolysis - Oxidation Visible Hydrolysis Hydrolysis Hydrolysis Humidity UV Light Light Stress Conditions 1.0 N HC1 at 60 C for 3 hours 1.0 N NaOH at 60 C for 3 hours 6% H2O2 for 1 hours Heat in water at 60 C for 3 hours 90% RH at RT for 7 days 1.2 Million lux hours 200 Watts per m2 Table No. 2. Separation of Degradation Products Separation of Degradation Products Peak Ezetimibe Simvastatin Acid Hydrolysis RT, min USP Resolution Not Available Area % Base Hydrolysis RT, min USP Resolution Not Available Area % Oxidation RT, min USP Resolution Not Available Area % Neutral Hydrolysis RT, min USP Resolution Not Available Area % High Humidity Stress RT, min USP Resolution Not Available Area % Visible Light Stress RT, min USP Resolution Not Available Area % UV Light Stress RT, min USP Resolution Not Available Area % Thermal Stress RT, min USP Resolution Not Available Area % Thermal 105 C for 24 hours 64

0.805 3.409 9.34 0.801 2.393 8.92 0.35 0.807 3.403 0.788 3.382 0.801 3.381 0.8 3.378 0.8 3.378 0.802 3.393 9.56 9.27 9.03 9.03 9.03 9.14 Area Percentage 45.26 89.73 89.96 90.27 90.35 90.

4 Area Percentage Asia Pacific Journal of Research Fig. No. 1 SIMVASTATIN AND EZETIMIBE (Separation of Degradation Products ) Acid Hydrolysis Base Hydrolysis OxidationNeutral Hydrolysis High Humidity Stress Visible Light Stress UV Light Stress Thermal Stress RT Minutes Ezetimibe Simvastatin Table No. 3. Peak Purity Experiments Purity Angle Purity Threshold Peak Purity Ezetimibe Simvastatin Ezetimibe Simvastatin Acid Hydrolyzed Pass Base Hydrolysis Pass Peroxide Stressed Pass Neutral Hydrolyzed Pass Humidity Stressed Pass Visible Light Stressed Pass UV Light Stressed Pass Thermally Stressed Pass No peaks were detected at the retention time of Simvastatin/Ezetimibe. Degradation products are adequately resolved from Simvastatin/Ezetimibe peak. Peak purity of Simvastatin/Ezetimibe peak meets acceptance criteria. From the above tables of the study are summarized. Linearity Experimental Linearity of detector response for Simvastatin/Ezetimibe was established by analyzing serial dilutions of a stock solution of the working standard. Five concentrations ranging from 50% to 150% of the test concentration were prepared and analyzed. The final concentration of each solution in pg per ml was plotted against peak area response. Slope, intercept and correlation coefficient (R) were calculated. Table No. 4. Linearity-Ezetimibe S. No. Concentration(µg per ml) Area Slope R

5 Area Area Asia Pacific Journal of Research Fig. No. 2 Linearity-Ezetimibe y = 25668x R² = Concentration Table No. 5. Linearity-Simvstatin S. No. Concentration(µg per ml) Area Slope R Fig.No.3 Linearity-Simvstatin y = 30116x R² = Concentration Results meet acceptance criteria of correlation coefficient not less than for the both the case of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin. Conclusion From the above results researcher has concluded that the validation of the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in the drug products are separated and it was done within 5 minutes with certain acceptance criteria in a certain resolution, accuracy and precision. Hence the utility of the method can use for routine analysis. Separation of Chromatographic (X-terra RP-18 column (50 4.6mm, 5µ)) was achieved. Researcher has used a mobile phase consisting of 0.05M phosphate buffer ph3.0 and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55 at a flow rate of 0.8ml per minute. The detection was made at 236nm. The retention time of Simvastatin and Ezetimibe were 3.3and 0.8 minutes respectively. The method was found linear over the range of 5-15 µg per ml for Ezetimibe and µg per ml for Simvastatin. The proposed method was validated as per the ICH and USP guidelines. 66

6 References i Pedersen, TR (2010). "Pleiotropic effects of statins: Evidence against benefits beyond LDL-cholesterol lowering". American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs. 10 Suppl 1: ii David Thompson, NHS overspends on statins, The Politics Show, Thursday, 17 January 2008, iii Graham DJ, Staffa JA, Shatin D, Andrade SE, Schech SD, La Grenade L. Incidence of hospitalized rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid-lowering drugs. JAMA. 2004;292: iv ndproviders/ucm htm v Phan BA, Dayspring TD, Toth PP (2012). "Ezetimibe therapy: mechanism of action and clinical update". Vasc Health Risk Manag. 8:

Development and validation of stability indicating RP-LC method for estimation of calcium dobesilate in pharmaceutical formulations

Development and validation of stability indicating RP-LC method for estimation of calcium dobesilate in pharmaceutical formulations Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2016, 8 (11):236-242 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4