A Study of Performance Properties of Alkyl Poly(glucoside) and Sodium Dodecylsulfate in their Mixed Systems
|
|
- Robert Robinson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 J. Surface Sci. Technol., Vol 22, No. 1-2, pp , Indian Society for Surface Science and Technology, India A Study of Performance Properties of Alkyl Poly(glucoside) and Sodium Dodecylsulfate in their Mixed Systems R. M. SATAM and M. R. SAWANT* University Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai , India. Abstract The interaction parameters and performance properties such as solubilizing capacity and foaming behaviour of the aqueous Alkyl poly (glucoside) (APG) sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) mixed surfactant system have been investigated. The critical micellar concentrations (cmcs) obtained by surface tension measurements revealed that there is a synergism between these two surfactants. Performance properties such as solubilizing capacity have been investigated by measuring the absorbance and the viscosity of solubilized polar oily materials like octanol, decanol, dodecanol. The solubilizing phenomenon exhibited by mixed surfactant systems showed better results than that of the individual surfactant system. The foaming capacity of Alkyl poly (glucoside) with Sodium dodecylsulfate showed highly stabilized foaming behaviour in both distilled water as well as in hard water (324 ppm). Keywords : Alkyl poly (glucosides), Sodium dodecylsulfate, Micellization, Mixed surfactant, Interaction parameter, Solubilization, Foaming. INTRODUCTION Surfactants are amphiphilic materials that have numerous functionality, which changes with its structural characteristics and are therefore employed to various industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, polymerization processes, detergency, foods and enhanced oil recovery [1]. In many biological and industrial applications, mixed surfactants are employed because they form mixed micellar aggregates, which exhibit characteristic properties and are superior to those of the individual components [2,3]. Synergistic behaviour of mixed surfactant system can be exploited to reduce the total *Author for correspondance
2 76 Satam and Sawant amount of surfactant used in particular applications resulting in reduction of cost and environmental impact [4]. Alkyl poly (glucoside) has wide range of applications in areas such as cosmetics, pharmaceutical, paint, pesticide, etc. Surfactants used in all such applications should have good solubilizing power. The physico-chemical properties of an aqueous solution of mixed surfactants will change as the concentration increases and aggregates form. Mixture of surfactants forming insoluble aggregates and mixed micelles has assumed importance in industrial applications and laboratory surface chemical work of surfactants, because of the tendency to form aggregated structures substantially different from that in solutions having only pure surfactants [5]. In fact, some phenomena, which are not expected to take place in the single system, occur in aqueous solutions containing mixtures of surfactants [6-8]. Studies involved the investigation of various physiochemical properties such as surface tension, using tensiometry. We have used Rubingh s method [9] to calculate the mole fraction, interaction parameters and activity coefficients of surfactants in mixed micelles. Studies also deal with the solubilization capacity of mixed surfactant systems. Solubilization is a phenomenon in which a solution of a surfactant in concentrations beyond the critical micelle concentration dissolves a variety of organic compounds to yield a transparent solution, which results from the incorporation of the substances into the micelles [10]. Modes of incorporating the solubilizate into the micelles, which are closely related to the structure of micelles, are adsorption on the surface of the micelles, deep penetration of the palisade layer and dissolution in the hydrocarbon core. These methods have been described by Kolthoff [11], Riegleman [12] and Mulley [13] respectively. Effect of macro-monomer on the solubilization by ionic micelles have examined by A. B. Mandal [14,15]. To study the capacity of solubilization, normal higher alcohols were solubilized by individual, nonionic and anionic surfactants as well as mixtures of nonionic and anionic surfactants. Mechanism of solubilization was investigated by measuring the amount of solubilization by spectrophotometric and the relative viscosity measurements. The present investigation also deals with foamability and foam stability of surfactant solutions. A feature of many conventional nonionic surfactants, such as ethoxylates, is relatively low foaming capacity, alone or in combination with conventional anionic surfactants. The present method of evaluation and characterization of (i) the foam ability of solutions of different surfactants and (ii) the stability of the foams formed, by using simple and quick pneumatic test in which foam studies have been done by a well-controlled volume of gas introduced into a definite volume of solution.
3 A Study of Performance Properties of APG and SDS in their Mixed Systems 77 EXPERIMENTAL Materials : Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) of a reagent grade was recrystallized from ethanol. Alkyl poly (glucoside) C 12/14 G 1.3 from Henkel KGaA, CFC Cospha, Germany, supplied as a 50 wt% solution in water, was further recrystallized by methanol to get a pure form. The octyl alcohol (C 8, bp C), decyl alcohol (C 10, bp C), dodecyl alcohol (C 12, bp C) were the purest grade products. Doubly distilled water was used for preparing solutions. Conductivity of the doubly distilled water was 3.4 ms cm -1 and the surface tension was 71.8 mn/m at 30 0 C. Methods : Preparation of mixed surfactant solutions Into several 100 ml standard flasks, binary surfactant mixtures of nonionic surfactant APG 12/14 and an anionic surfactant (SDS) in water were taken at different mole fractions ranging from 0 to 1. The solutions were stirred for 5 h in a thermostated bath at 30 ± C and kept overnight to establish equilibria. Surface Tension Measurements Surface tensions (g) of aqueous solutions of single and mixed surfactants at various concentrations were determined by a ring method using the Du-Nöuy tensiometer (S. C. Dey and Co., Kolkata, India). All measurements were done at room temperature, i.e., at 30 ± C. The surface tension measurements have an accuracy of ±0.3%. Solubilization When oily materials are added to a surfactant solution, beyond the saturation point they are emulsified and the solution becomes turbid. The following procedure was used for the determination of the limits of solubilization. Into several 100 ml glass-stoppered flasks, 50 ml portions of a M surfactants were placed; then varying quantites of polar oily materials were added to them and the mixtures were stirred for 5 h in a thermostat at 30 0 C, followed by settling until solubilization equilibria were established. After the equilibrium had been established, the turbidity of the solution was measured with an Electrophotocolorimeter, with a cell of 1 cm path length at 655 nm. The turbidity concentration obtained was extrapolated to zero in order to obtain the amount of solubilization. Viscosity Measurements The relative viscosities of the solutions solubilizing oily substances were measured at 30 0 C ± 0.2 with an Ubelohde viscometer with appropriate auxiliary equipment to keep atmospheric moisture off as far as possible. The flow times of water and surfactant solutions were used in calculating the relative viscosities. The times of flow were determined with a stopwatch of ±0.1 s precision; the overall fluctuations of the times measured were within ±0.1 to 0.2 s.
4 78 Satam and Sawant Foaming Apparatus used in the test was designed by K. Lunkenheimer and K. Malysa [16]. The solution (50 ml) was poured into the column in such a manner that no foam layer was formed. The gas from the syringe was introduced into the solution through sintered glass. Gas (50 ml at the experimental temperature and ambient pressure) was supplied manually within a period of 10 s, i.e., an average gas velocity of 18 L/h was used in most of the experiments. Then changes in foam height and level were determined as a function of time. The measurements were repeated 2 3 times for each solution concentration. The experiments were performed at room temperature (30 ± C). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Surface tension The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of pure and mixed surfactants were determined by surface tension measurements at varying total surfactant concentration in aqueous solution at different mole fractions. The measured CMC values of individual surfactants, C 12/14 APG and SDS are listed in Table 1. The nature and strength of interaction between two surfactants can be determined by Rubingh s theory. According to Rubingh, the mixed CMC (C 12 ) for a binary surfactant system obtained by mixing two surfactants is given by the equation, 1 a 1 (1 a 1 ) = + (1) C 12 f 1 C 1 f 2 C 2 where a 1 is the mole fraction of surfactant 1 in the mixture, C 1 and C 2 are the CMC values of the surfactants 1 and 2 respectively; f 1 and f 2 are the activity coefficients of the surfactants 1 and 2, respectively. In case of ideal behaviour, f 1 = f 2 = 1; hence, the equation 1 reduces to the form 1 a 1 (1 a 1 ) = + (2) C 12 C 1 C 2 as proposed by Clint [17] for ideal binary mixtures of surfactants. The mixed CMC value (C 12 ) was calculated by using equation (2) for ideal behaviour. Fig.1 shows plot of CMC values vs. mole fractions (a 1 ) of the sodium dodecylsulfate for the anionic nonionic systems studied. The formation of micelle is the result of hydrophobic interaction. The CMC mix values thus obtained
5 A Study of Performance Properties of APG and SDS in their Mixed Systems 79 TABLE 1. CMC (C 12 ), X 1, b, and Average b for SDS + Glucoside APG (C 12/14 ) systems with varying mole fractions (a 1 ) of SDS in Water at 30ºC. SDS (a 1 ) C / M X 1 b Average b f 1 f Fig. 1. Variation of critical micelle concentration (CMC) with mole fraction (a 1 ) of the SDS for the SDS APG (C 12/14 ) systems at 30 0 C ideal values; experimental values. experimentally, were found to be lower than the values calculated from the above equation, which indicate non-ideality as indicated by Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the plot of X 1 vs. a 1 for an SDS + APG system which reveals that the contribution of anionic surfactant is significant up to a certain mole fraction whereas, at higher mole fractions the mixed micelles become rich in nonionic content. The nature and strength of the interaction between the two surfactants in mixed systems are determined by calculating the values of the b parameter from the plot
6 80 Satam and Sawant Fig. 2. Plot of mole fractions of APG in mixed micelles (X 1 ) vs. mole fractions of SDS in bulk (a 1 ) at 30 0 C ideal values; experimental values. of surface tension g vs. the concentrations of aqueous solutions of the individual surfactants and their mixtures. This is indicative of some interaction between the two ionic nonionic surfactant molecules; by considering the phase separation model for micellization, Rubingh derived the relation, (X 1 ) 2 ln[(a 1 C 12 /X 1 C 1 )] = 1 (3) (1 X 1 ) 2 ln[(1 a 1 )C 12 /(1 X 1 )C 1 ] where X 1 is the mole fraction of surfactant 1 (APG) in the mixed micelle. Equation (3) was solved iteratively to obtain the value of X 1. ln[c 12 /C 1 X 1 ] b = (4) (1 X 1 ) 2 The b values calculated for all ionic nonionic surfactant systems studied are listed in Table 1. b values calculated for SDS + APG system are negative and indicate considerable attractive interaction between the ionic and the nonionic surfactants. Activity coefficients were calculated as defined by Rosen and Hua et al. [18] in equations 5 and 6, f 1 = exp[b (1 X 1 ) 2 ] (5) f 2 = exp[b X 2 1 ] (6) where f 1 and f 2 are the activity coefficients of nonionic and anionic surfactants respectively, in the mixed micelles. Equations 5 and 6 show that the activity
7 A Study of Performance Properties of APG and SDS in their Mixed Systems 81 coefficients are directly related to both interaction parameter of mixing, b and micellar mole fraction of the anionic surfactant. Increases in the attractive or repulsive forces between various molecules in the mixed systems change the activity coefficients of the components. Activity coefficients are less than unity, owing to interaction between anionic and nonionic surfactants (Table 1). The activity coefficients tend to unity only when the mole fraction of any one of the components approaches unity. The activity coefficient values are nearer to unity indicating that both these components are very near to their respective standard states. In a binary system, the main nonideal behaviour attributed to the activity coefficients of the constituents, is due to the change in the electrostatic repulsion energy of surfactant molecules. Solubilising Power of surfactants The change in solubilizing property of different surfactants in mixed micellar solution is studied to check the synergistic effect of mixed surfactant systems on the solubilising power of individual surfactants. Fig. 3 shows the absorbance of varying molar concentrations of APG with SDS solutions at different mole concentrations with increasing amounts of dissolved octanol. The rapid increase in I 0 /I began when emulsion droplets first appeared. The point of the interaction of the curves representing the optical density with horizontal axis is considered to give the solubility of octanol in mixed surfactant solutions. As is evident from Fig. 3, 4 and 5, the solubilizing power of mixed surfactants is higher than that of the individual surfactants. The arrows in the figures indicate the limit of solubilization. This result is considered to be due to the mixed micellar synergistic interaction between SDS and APG surfactant. The solubility and solubilizing power decreases with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the molecules of oily materials. This result is obtained due to the decrease in the magnitude of the dipole moment with the increase in the number of carbon atoms in the molecule of the oily material. Limit of solubilization of individual and mixed surfactants are listed in Table 2. Relative Viscosity The above results were confirmed by viscosity data; Fig. 6, 7 and 8 show the relative viscosities of solutions, which were produced by solubilizing oily materials using SDS and APG12/14 mixture of a given concentration (1X10-2 mol/l). For a given concentration of oily material, relative viscosity of the mixed surfactant solutions showed far different values than that of the individual surfactant solutions. For a given concentration of oily materials, the relative viscosity increases with an increase in number of carbon atoms in the molecules of oily materials in mixed surfactant solutions. The viscosity pattern in Fig 6 is more or less similar to that in Fig 7, but one can observe unexpected decrease in viscosity with increasing concentration of oil. Regarding the reasons for change in behaviour, the key probably lies in a change in the site of solubilization at higher oil content. This result is
8 82 Satam and Sawant Fig. 3. Absorbance vs concentration of octanol in SDS, APG 12/14 and mixtures of the two in different mole ratios, APG : SDS = 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4. t SDS, n APG12/14, s 4:1, 6 3:2, Q 2:3, l 1:4. Fig. 4. Absorbance vs concentration of decanol in SDS, APG 12/14 and mixtures of the two in different mole ratios, APG : SDS = 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4. t SDS, n APG12/14, s 4:1, 6 3:2, Q 2:3, l 1:4.
9 A Study of Performance Properties of APG and SDS in their Mixed Systems 83 Fig. 5. Absorbance vs concentration of dodecanol in SDS, APG 12/14 and mixtures of the two in different mole ratios, APG : SDS = 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4. t SDS, n APG12/14, s 4:1, 6 3:2, Q 2:3, l 1:4. considered to be due to synergistic effect of the mixed surfactant systems, which increases the solubilizing property of surfactants. Foaming property Fig. 9 presents the height of foam column formed by individual as well as mixed surfactant system in distilled as well as hard water. The concentration of the surfactants used was mol/l each. In the mixture the surfactants were present in 1 : 1 mol ratio. This shows how foam stability of mixed TABLE 2. Capacity of solubilization of individual and mixed surfactant systems at 30ºC. Fatty Limit of solubilization (mol dm 3 ) in individual and mixed srufactant systems alcohol APG12/14 SDS APG:SDS(4:1)* APG:SDS(3:2)* APG:SDS(2:3)* APG:SDS(1:4)* C C C *Ratios within brackets indicate mole ratios.
10 84 Satam and Sawant Fig. 6. Relative viscosity vs. octanol concentration in APG, SDS and mixtures of the two in various mole ratios (APG : SDS). t SDS, n APG12/14, s 4:1, 6 3:2, Q 2:3, l 1:4. Fig. 7. Relative viscosity vs. decanol concentration in APG, SDS and mixtures of the two in various mole ratios (APG : SDS). t SDS, n APG12/14, s 4:1, 6 3:2, Q 2:3, l 1:4. surfactant is superior to that of the individual surfactant. Foam stability in hard water is another important parameter; Fig. 10 shows that the stability of the foam in SDS improves in hard water on addition of APG to it. This study has been done by studying the parameter called the R 5 parameter, which can be determined as the ratio of foam height at a time of five min after foaming, h 5, to the initial height h 0 of
11 A Study of Performance Properties of APG and SDS in their Mixed Systems 85 Fig. 8. Relative viscosity vs. dodecanol concentration in APG, SDS and mixtures of the two in various mole ratios (APG : SDS). t SDS, n APG12/14, s 4:1, 6 3:2, Q 2:3, l 1:4. Fig. 9. Height of foam formed on injecting 50 ml gas within 10 s in distilled (o) as well as hard water (n).
12 86 Satam and Sawant Fig. 10. R 5 parameter values to calculate % foam stability as a function of surfactant in distilled (o) as well as hard water (n). Fig. 11. Foam stability after 20 min as a function of surfactant in distilled (o) as well as hard water (n).
13 A Study of Performance Properties of APG and SDS in their Mixed Systems 87 the foam formed after having introduced a definite amount of air into a definite volume of solution (50 ml of air into 25 ml of solution). R 5 = (h 5 /h 0 ) 100 (7) The same parameter applied to study the foam stability after 20 min, Fig. 11 implies that stability of foam found in APG and mixed surfactant is higher than that in SDS in hard water. CONCLUSION Solubilizing property of SDS for polar oily materials showed better performance in presence of APG in mixed surfactant system. The nature and strength of interaction between two surfactants have been studied by using the phase separation model for mixed micelization, the interaction parameter b and the compositions in the mixed micelles are evaluated. These studies revealed very superior synergism of surfactant monomers in the mixed micelle. This effect has also been seen on foaming property of surfactants. SDS which is a relatively better foaming agent in plane water, was found to be poorer in hard water. But in mixed surfactant system, its performance in hard water was better. The synergistic effect of surfactants in mixed systems facilitated often better performance than pure surfactants. REFERENCES 1. M. Rodgers, C. Rodgers and R. Palepu; J. Surf. Sci. Technol., 20, 33 (2004). 2. J. F. Scamehorn, in Phenomena in Mixed Surfactant Systems;Scamehorn, J. F., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series 311; American Chemical Society : Washington D. C., 324 (1986). 3. M. Abe and K. Ogino, Mixed Surfactant Systems; Surfactant Science Series; Marcel Dekker : New York, 46 (1992). 4. D. Blakschtein and A. Shiloach, Langmuir, 14, 1618 (1998). 5. A. B. Mandal and S. Ray, Indian J. Chem, 19A, 620 (1980). 6. H. Lange and K. H. Beck, Colloid Polym. 251, 424 (1973). 7. Moroi Y., N. Nishikido and R. Matsuura., J. Colloid Interface Science, 60, 344 (1977). 8. Y. Moroi, H. Askisada, M. Sato and R. Matsuura, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 61, 233 (1977). 9. D. N. Rubingh, in Solution Chemistry of Surfactants, Ed. K. L. Mittal, Plenum Press, New York, 3, 37 (1979).
14 88 Satam and Sawant 10. K. Ogino, M. Abe and N Takesita, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 49, 3679 (1976). 11. Kolthoff and Stricks, J. Phys. Colloid Chem., 52, 915 (1948). 12. Riegleman et al, J. Colloid Sci., 13, 208 (1954). 13. Mulley and Metcalf, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 8, 774 (1956). 14. A. B. Mandal and G. Baskar, J. Surf. Sci. Technol., 17, 29 (2001). 15. A. B. Mandal et al, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans, 89 (16), 3075 (1993). 16. Lunkenheimer et al, Colloids Surf. 53; 47 (1991). 17. J. H. Clint, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 73: 1327 (1975). 18. M. J. Rosen and X. Y. Hua, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 86, 164 (1982).
Interactions between Bisphosphate. Geminis and Sodium Lauryl Ether
Chapter 5 Interactions between Bisphosphate Geminis and Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate 110 5.1 Introduction The physiochemical and surface active properties of mixed surfactants are of more interest and
More informationPhysical Pharmacy. Interfacial phenomena. Khalid T Maaroof MSc. Pharmaceutical sciences School of pharmacy Pharmaceutics department
Physical Pharmacy Interfacial phenomena Khalid T Maaroof MSc. Pharmaceutical sciences School of pharmacy Pharmaceutics department 1 Introduction The boundary between two phases is generally described as
More informationA Conductometric Study of Interaction between Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and 1-Propanol, 1-Butanol, 1-Pentanol and 1-Hexanol at Different Temperatures
1 J. Surface Sci. Technol., Vol 24, No. 3-4, pp. 139-148, 2008 2008 Indian Society for Surface Science and Technology, India. A Conductometric Study of Interaction between Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and 1-Propanol,
More informationConductivity Studies of Binary Mixtures of Ionic and Non-ionic Surfactants at different Temperatures and Concentrations.
JASEM ISSN 1119-8362 All rights reserved Full-text Available Online at www.ajol.info and www.bioline.org.br/ja J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. September 2014 Vol. 18 (3) 530-534 Conductivity Studies of
More informationMicellization of Surfactants in Mixed Solvent of Different Polarity
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Archives of Applied Science Research, 2012, 4 (1):662-668 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-508X CODEN (USA) AASRC9 Micellization
More informationAlcohols Effect on Critic Micelle Concentration of Polysorbate 20 and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromine Mixed Solutions
J Surfact Deterg (2013) 16:601 607 DOI 10.1007/s11743-012-1429-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Alcohols Effect on Critic Micelle Concentration of Polysorbate 20 and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromine Mixed Solutions
More informationSYNERGISTIC ASPECTS OF SURFACTANT MIXTURES 1. THE ANIONIC SURFACTANT SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE AND THE CATIONIC SURFACTANT TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE
Laboratory Services and Instrumentation for Surface Science SYNERGISTIC ASPECTS OF SURFACTANT MIXTURES 1. THE ANIONIC SURFACTANT SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE AND THE CATIONIC SURFACTANT TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE
More informationA Cloud Point Study on the Micellar Growth of an Amphiphilic Drug in the Presence of Alcohol and Ionic Surfactant
J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 8689-8693 8689 A Cloud Point Study on the Micellar Growth of an Amphiphilic Drug in the Presence of Alcohol and Ionic Surfactant Eui Jung Kim and Dinesh O. Shah*, Department
More informationA Novel Sulfonated Alkyl Ester Surfactant to Reduce Oil-Water Interfacial Tensions in Wide Range Salinity with Monovalent and Divalent Ions
Modern Applied Science; Vol. 10, No. 1; 2016 ISSN 1913-1844 E-ISSN 1913-1852 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education A Novel Sulfonated Alkyl Ester Surfactant to Reduce Oil-Water Interfacial
More informationSolubilization of Some Synthetic Perfumes by Ionic and Non-Ionic Surfactants
J. Jpn. Oil Chem. Soc. Vol. 45, No. 1 (1996) 13 ORIGINAL Solubilization of Some Synthetic Perfumes by Ionic and Non-Ionic Surfactants Yoshikazu TOKUOKA * 1, * 3, Hirotaka UCHIYAMA * 1, * 4, and Masahiko
More informationSynthesis of Cationic Novel Bolaform Surfactant and Effect of Alkyl Group Chain Length on Polar Head Group
Synthesis of Cationic Novel Bolaform Surfactant and Effect of Alkyl Group Chain Length on Polar Head Group 1. Propane-1,3-bis(trimethylammonium bromide) and Propane-1,3-bis(triethylammonium bromide) V.
More informationInternational Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences. International Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
International Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal Home Page: www.pharmaresearchlibrary.com/ijcps Research Article Open Access Emulsification of Neem oil: effect of polar solvents and
More informationColloid chemistry. Lecture 10: Surfactants
Colloid chemistry Lecture 10: Surfactants Applications of surfactants: cleaning/detergents (40%); textiles; cosmetics; pharmacy; paint; food; etc. Etymology Surfactant micelles surfactant molecule spherical
More informationSelf-assembled nanostructures soft and hard matter
Hands-On Nano-Technology course Nano-Science Center University of Copenhagen Self-assembled nanostructures soft and hard matter One-day workshop, August 12, 2004 Division of Physical Chemistry 1, Center
More informationModern Aspects of Colloid Science MICELLES
Modern Aspects of Colloid Science MICELLES critical micelle concentration (CMC) micellar shape determination of critical micelle concentration purity of surfactants Krafft temperature micellar equilibria
More information2. Block Copolymers. 2.1 Micelle and gel formation in amphiphilic block copolymers. 2.2 Phase behavior in the bulk. 2.3 Structures in thin films
2. Block Copolymers 2.1 Micelle and gel formation in amphiphilic block copolymers 2.2 Phase behavior in the bulk 2.3 Structures in thin films I.W. Hamley, Block Copolymers in Solution. Wiley 2005. 1 Block
More informationSelf-Assembly. Lecture 3 Lecture 3 Surfactants Self-Assembly
Self-Assembly Lecture 3 Lecture 3 Surfactants Self-Assembly Anionic surfactants unsaturated omega-3 3 fatty acids rd carbon from the metyl end has double bond saturated Non-ionic surfactants Cationic surfactants
More informationSurfactants. The Basic Theory. Surfactants (or surface active agents ): are organic compounds with at least one lyophilic. Paints and Adhesives
Surfactants Surfactants (or surface active agents ): are organic compounds with at least one lyophilic ( solvent-loving ) group and one lyophobic ( solvent-fearing ) group in the molecule. In the simplest
More informationAPPLIED CHEMISTRY SURFACE TENSION, SURFACTANTS TYPES OF SURFACTANTS & THEIR USES IN TEXTILE PROCESSING
APPLIED CHEMISTRY SURFACE TENSION, SURFACTANTS TYPES OF SURFACTANTS & THEIR USES IN TEXTILE PROCESSING Lecture No. 13 & 14 2 Surface Tension This property of liquids arises from the intermolecular forces
More informationPelagia Research Library
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Der Chemica Sinica, 2012, 3(3):8-635 ISSN: 0976-8505 CODEN (USA) CSHIA5 A study on solution behaviour of sodiumdodecyl sulphate and cetyltrimethylammonium
More informationSmall angle neutron scattering study of mixed micelles of oppositely charged surfactants
PRAMANA c Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 71, No. 5 journal of November 2008 physics pp. 1039 1043 Small angle neutron scattering study of mixed micelles of oppositely charged surfactants J V JOSHI 1,,
More informationQuiz 8 Introduction to Polymers (Chemistry)
051117 Quiz 8 Introduction to Polymers (Chemistry) (Figures from Heimenz Colloid Sci.) 1) Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules (molecules having one end hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic) and are
More informationEffect of tetrabutylammonium bromide on the micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 245 (2004) 69 73 Effect of tetrabutylammonium bromide on the micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate J. Mata a,, D. Varade a, G. Ghosh b, P. Bahadur a a Department
More informationCharacterisation of crude palm oil O/W emulsion produced with Tween 80 and potential in residual oil recovery of palm pressed mesocarp fibre
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Characterisation of crude palm oil O/W emulsion produced with Tween 80 and potential in residual oil recovery of palm pressed mesocarp
More informationCHEM 470 Surfactant Science
CHEM 470 Surfactant Science As a chemist recently recruited to cosmetic industry, or as a recent chemistry graduate, you may be surprised to discover that the technical foundation of the personal-care
More informationMicellar Solubilization of Poorly Water Soluble Drug Using Non Ionic Surfactant
Chauhan and Udawat, IJARPB, 2012; Vol.2 (1):1-8. IN 2277 6222 Received on 08/01/2012; Revised on 19/01/2012; Accepted on 30/01/2012. Micellar olubilization of Poorly Water oluble Drug Using Non Ionic urfactant
More informationColloid chemistry. Lecture 13: Emulsions
Colloid chemistry Lecture 13: Emulsions Emulsions food cosmetics pharmaceutics biological systems bituminous carpet (asphalt) etc. Emulsion suitable for intravenous injection. Balm: Water in oil emulsion
More informationEffect of Surfactant Tail Structure on Phase Behavior of Branched and Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Water and Oil Ternary Systems
Effect of Surfactant Tail Structure on Phase Behavior of Branched and Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Water and Oil Ternary Systems Abeer Al Bawab 1, 2, Ayat Bozeya 2, Fadwa Odeh 2 10.7603/s40837-014-0005-5
More informationColloid Chemistry. Lecture #2 Association colloid
Colloid Chemistry Lecture #2 Association colloid 1 https://ilustracionmedica.wordpress.com/2014/08/27/fisicos-haciendo-medicina-john-tyndall/ Solution Classical vs. Colloid solution Tyndall effect Increased
More informationTA Instruments Applications Note. Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation
Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation Angélica Román Guerrero 1, E. Jaime Vernon Carter 1 and Neil A. Demarse 2 1 DIPH and DBT, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco #186, Col.
More informationEFFECT OF COMPRESSED CO 2 ON THE PROPERTIES OF AOT IN ISOOCTANE REVERSE MICELLAR SOLUTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO RECOVER NANOPARTICLES
EFFECT OF COMPRESSED CO 2 ON THE PROPERTIES OF AOT IN ISOOCTANE REVERSE MICELLAR SOLUTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO RECOVER NANOPARTICLES Dongxia Liu, Jianling Zhang, Tiancheng Mu, Jing Chen, Weize Wu, Jun
More informationEfficiency of Amphoteric Surfactants as Flow Improvers and Pour Point Depressants
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 13, 1, 90-94 http://dx.doi.org/.4236/jpee.13.0 Published Online October 13 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jpee) Efficiency of Amphoteric Surfactants as Flow Improvers
More informationA Concise Review on Surfactants and Its Significance
International Journal of Applied Chemistry. ISSN 0973-1792 Volume 13, Number 3 (2017) pp. 663-672 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com A Concise Review on Surfactants and Its Significance
More informationVOL. 11, NO. 16, AUGUST 2016 ISSN ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
STUDY ON IMPACT OF THE SIZE OF COMPOUND MICELLES COMPRISED OF ANIONIC AND NONIONIC SURFACTANTS ON EFFICIENCY OF RESIDUAL OIL DISPLACEMENT AFTER FLOODING K. I. Babitskaya and V.V. Konovalov Samara State
More informationPR. Sathesh Babu * et al. /International Journal Of Pharmacy&Technology
ISSN: 0975-766X CODEN: IJPTFI Available Online through Research Article www.ijptonline.com SOLUBILIZATION OF MEFANAMIC ACID Swathi CH 1, CVS. Subrahmanyam 1, SA. Kedarnath 2, PR. Sathesh Babu 1* 1 Gokaraju
More informationAnalytica Chimica Acta 441 (2001)
Analytica Chimica Acta 441 (2001) 201 206 Voltammetric behavior of -tocopherol and its determination using surfactant + ethanol + water and surfactant + acetonitrile + water mixed solvent systems Priya
More informationENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF NIMESULIDE BY CYCLODEXTRINS, POLOXAMER AND PVP
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 9(2), 20, 637-646 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF NIMESULIDE BY CYCLODEXTRINS, POLOXAMER AND PVP K. P. R. CHOWDARY *, K.
More informationA FACTORIAL STUDY ON ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF IBUPROFEN BY β CYCLODEXTRIN AND SOLUTOL HS15
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article A FACTORIAL STUDY ON ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF IBUPROFEN BY β CYCLODEXTRIN
More informationCritical Micelle Concentrations of Nonionic Surfactants in Organic Solvents: Approximate Prediction with UNIFAC
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 240, 277 283 (2001) doi:10.1006/jcis.2001.7627, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Critical Micelle Concentrations of Nonionic Surfactants in Organic
More informationJournal of Science and Technology UTHM
chap.indd Association Behavior of Polyoxyethylene (20) Cetyl Ether (Brij 58) and Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monooleate (Tween 80) with Polyoxyethylene (4) Lauryl Ether (Brij 30) A.L. Tan, C.R. Laili,
More informationEmulsions. Purpose of emulsions and of emulsification:
Pharmacist Ghada Hamid Emulsions Emulsion is a dispersion in which the dispersed phase is composed of small globules of a liquid distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is immiscible. The dispersed
More informationB. semisolid materials consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions
CHEM 470 Understanding Emulsions I. Definitions A. Any heterogeneous system which has at least one immiscible or barely miscible liquid dispersed in another liquid in the form of tiny droplets. A. Becher,
More informationA FACTORIAL STUDY ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE OF KETOPROFEN BY SOLID DISPERSION IN COMBINED CARRIERS
Research Article A FACTORIAL STUDY ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE OF KETOPROFEN BY SOLID DISPERSION IN COMBINED CARRIERS K. P. R. Chowdary *, Tanniru Adinarayana, T. Vijay, Mercy. R. Prabhakhar
More informationLiquid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium in Glycerol-Methanol- Fatty Acids Systems
Liquid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium in Glycerol-Methanol- Fatty Acids Systems Marrone L., Pasco L., Moscatelli D., Gelosa S. Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica G. Natta, Politecnico di
More informationLeon Cohen Æ Fernando Soto Æ Ana Melgarejo Æ David W. Roberts
DOI 1.17/s11743-8-169-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Performance of U-Sulfo Fatty Methyl Ester Sulfonate Versus Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Secondary Alkane Sulfonate and a-sulfo Fatty Methyl Ester Sulfonate Leon
More informationMicellization Behavior of an Amphiphilic Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride-Surfactant System in an Aqueous Medium
1900 物理化学学报 (Wuli Huaxue Xuebao) Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2011, 27 (8), 1900-1906 August [Article] www.whxb.pku.edu.cn Micellization Behavior of an Amphiphilic Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride-Surfactant
More informationCloud Point and Dye Solubilization Studies of Amphiphilic Drug Solutions: The Effect of Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
Chem. Eng. Comm., 193:1065 1074, 2006 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0098-6445 print/1563-5201 online DOI: 10.1080/00986440500352014 Cloud Point and Dye Solubilization Studies of Amphiphilic
More informationMICROEMULSION FORMATION OF VEGETABLE OILS USING MIXED EXTENDED SURFACTANT FOR CLEANING APPLICATIONS
MICROEMULSION FORMATION OF VEGETABLE OILS USING MIXED EXTENDED SURFACTANT FOR CLEANING APPLICATIONS Siriluk Jariyawattanarat a, Chodchanok Attapong b, David A. Sabatini c, John F. Scamehorn c, Ampira Charoensaeng*,a
More informationStudy on Colloid Vibration Current in Aqueous Solution of Binary Surfactant Mixtures: Effects of Counterions and Hydrophobic Chains
Journal of Oleo Science Copyright 2016 by Japan Oil Chemists Society doi : 10.5650/jos.ess16101 Study on Colloid Vibration Current in Aqueous Solution of Binary Surfactant Mixtures: Effects of Counterions
More informationOil Soluble Silicones
Siltech LLC 1625 Lakes Parkway Lawrenceville Ga 30019 Oil Soluble Silicones Tony O Lenick November 2015 1 Why Silicone? 2 Solubility n Materials can be defined can be defined by solubility: Hydrophilic
More informationPharmaceutical Applications of Gemini Surfactants
Pharmaceutical Applications of Gemini Surfactants by Javed Raymond Akbar A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science in
More informationSurfactant Aggregation
Surfactant Aggregation Background What Is A Surfactant? S u r f a c t a n t Surface active agent... A chemical that, when dissolved in water, moves toward "surfaces" What Does A Surfactant Do?... Cleans
More informationBiopharmaceutics Dosage form factors influencing bioavailability Lec:5
Biopharmaceutics Dosage form factors influencing bioavailability Lec:5 Ali Y Ali BSc Pharmacy MSc Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences Dept. of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy University of Sulaimani 09/01/2019
More informationFORMATION OF MICROEMULSIONS WITH PALM-BASED OILS STABILIZED BY A NON-IONIC SURFACTANT
JOURNAL Journal of OF Oil OIL Palm PALM Research RESEARCH Vol. 15 (2) 15 No. 2, December 2003, p. 50-61 FORMATION OF MICROEMULSIONS WITH PALM-BASED OILS STABILIZED BY A NON-IONIC SURFACTANT RAMAN, I A
More informationLiquid-Liquid Extraction Prof. Mukesh Doble Department Of Biotechnology Indian Institute Of Technology, Madras. Lecture - 19
Liquid-Liquid Extraction Prof. Mukesh Doble Department Of Biotechnology Indian Institute Of Technology, Madras Lecture - 19 Liquid-Liquid Extraction Let us continue with the Liquid- Liquid Extraction.
More informationChemate and Chowdary, IJPSR, 2012; Vol. 3(7): ISSN:
IJPSR (2012), Vol. 3, Issue 07 (Research Article) Received on 18 March, 2012; received in revised form 25 April, 2012; accepted 22 June, 2012 A FACTORIAL STUDY ON ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION
More informationPaper 4. Biomolecules and their interactions Module 22: Aggregates of lipids: micelles, liposomes and their applications OBJECTIVE
Paper 4. Biomolecules and their interactions Module 22: Aggregates of lipids: micelles, liposomes and their applications OBJECTIVE The main aim of this module is to introduce the students to the types
More informationDevelopments of Multifunctional Additives for High Quality Lube Oil
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 2013, 1, 84-89 http://dx.doi.org/.4236/jpee.2013.14 Published Online October 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jpee) Developments of Multifunctional Additives
More informationEnhanced delivery methods for greater efficacy
On-Line Formulation Training - Anywhere In The World - Enhanced delivery methods for greater efficacy Belinda Carli Director, Institute of Personal Care Science Image showing absorbance in the outer stratum
More informationContinuous process of detergents production on the basis of alkylarylsulfonic acids
MATERIAL FOR EXPERIMENT NO. 09 Continuous process of detergents production on the basis of alkylarylsulfonic acids based on: Podręcznik do ćwiczeń z technologii chemicznej (Ed. T. Kasprzycka-Guttman),
More informationBIOPHYSICS II. By Prof. Xiang Yang Liu Department of Physics,
BIOPHYSICS II By Prof. Xiang Yang Liu Department of Physics, NUS 1 Hydrogen bond and the stability of macromolecular structure Membrane Model Amphiphilic molecule self-assembly at the surface and din the
More informationResearch Article Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Bulk Drug and Dosage Form
Research Article Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Bulk Drug and Dosage Form Gowekar NM, Lawande YS*, Jadhav DP, Hase RS and Savita N. Gowekar Department
More informationWATER/PERFUME MICROEMULSION REGION STABILIZED BY HYDROPHOBIC SURFACTANTS AND THEIR MIXTURES
Journal of Industrial Technology 6 (2), 1997, 55-63 /PERFUME MICROEMULSION REGION STABILIZED BY HYDROPHOBIC SURFACTANTS AND THEIR MIXTURES Hamdan Suhaimi Surfactant Research Group Faculty of Arts and Science,
More informationOil Soluble Silicones. Southeast Chapter March 19, 2015
Oil Soluble Silicones Southeast Chapter March 19, 2015 1 Background! Silicone compounds have been known since 1860, but were of little commercial interest until the 1940's. 2 Background! Silicone compounds
More informationUsable in formulations. Active content [%] Flash point [ C] Delivery form. Chemical description. Product. Solvent. Solvent free UV curing.
Product Chemical description Active content [%] Solvent ph-value Flash point [ C] Delivery form Usable in formulations Solvent free UV curing Solvent based Water based LUCRAMUL 1820 LIQ. LUCRAMUL AP LUCRAMUL
More informationSinglet Oxygen Production Photosensitized by Fluorescein in Reversed Micellar Solutions. Norio Miyoshi and Giiti Tomita*
Singlet Oxygen Production Photosensitized by Fluorescein in Reversed Micellar Solutions Norio Miyoshi and Giiti Tomita* Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812,
More informationLecipro AOCS Lecithin SC Montreal
Lecithin Dispersion and Emulsification Demo W. van Nieuwenhuyzen Lecipro Consulting www.lecipro.nl AOCS Lecithin SC - Montreal, April 27-28, 28, 2013 Lecipro AOCS Lecithin SC Montreal 2013 1 Topics Emulsifying
More informationEmulsion Polymerisation of Acrylamide in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Monitored by High-Pressure NMR
Emulsion Polymerisation of Acrylamide in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Monitored by High-Pressure NMR Kristofer J. Thurecht, David J. T. Hill and Andrew K. Whittaker Chemistry Department and Centre for
More informationChemistry. CAS Number : Kao Chemicals Europe O R N H R = C 17 H AMIDET N In-Cosmetics th April 2012
AMIDET N Chemistry O R N H O 2.5 H R = C 17 H 33 INCI Name : PEG-4 Rapeseedamide CAS Number : 85536-23-8 Character : non-ionic Characteristics Appearance (20ºC) : Clear Yellowish Liquid Colour (Gardner)
More informationNew chelating glucose-based surfactants
New chelating glucose-based surfactants Nadège FERLIN Laboratoire des Glucides UMR 6219 Université de Picardie Jules VERNE AMIENS A Greener Chemistry for Industry 2 au 5 octobre 2007 Villeneuve d Ascq
More informationc = pc p regime III: surface tension nearly constant because chemical potential depends only weakly on surfactant concentration chemical potential:
regime III: surface tension nearly constant because chemical otential deends only weakly on surfactant concentration chemical otential: below CMC: c c s i.e. total surfactant concentration unimer concentration
More informationCHAPTER 6 FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES
68 CHAPTER 6 FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES 6.1 INTRODUCTION Functional properties can be defined as the overall physicochemical properties of proteins in food systems during processing,
More informationCHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS /166/ 5.0 Summary The leather industry uses a quite number of chemicals during various steps involved in the conversion of raw hides and skins to finished leather. Surfactants are
More informationMixed-Surfactant System of Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate and Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate: Micellar and Volumetric Studies
Mixed-Surfactant System of Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate and Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate: Micellar and Volumetric Studies Satish Bharadwaj and J.C. Ahluwalia* Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology,
More informationReceived 6 March 2004; accepted 13 August 2004 Available online 16 September 2004
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 282 (2005) 149 155 www.elsevier.com/locate/jcis Effects of interactions on the formation of mixed micelles of 1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine with sodium
More informationSP Technical Research Institute of Sweden
SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden 10:45 Kemi Hur fungerar egentligen de olika kemikalierna i rengöringsmedel? Mikael Kjellin från SP och Anders Karlsson, NVADAN Important parameters for Cleaning
More informationImbentin -U Series effective alternatives to NPE s and Tridecanolethoxylates
Imbentin -U Series effective alternatives to NPE s and Tridecanolethoxylates Imbentin -U: effective alternatives to NPE s and Tridecanol ethoxylates Imbentin -U products are ethoxylates of iso-undecanol
More informationIntroduction of emulsions Effect of polysaccharides on emulsion stability Use of polysaccharides as emulsifier. Polysaccharides in Food Emulsions
1 Introduction of emulsions Effect of polysaccharides on emulsion stability Use of polysaccharides as emulsifier 2 Basic concepts of emulsions Interfacial tension (): the force that operates on an interface
More informationStructure of Nonionic Surfactant Diglycerol Monomyristate Micelles in Cyclohexane: a SAXS Study
Structure of Nonionic Surfactant Diglycerol Monomyristate Micelles in Cyclohexane: a SAXS Study Lok Kumar Shrestha * Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University,
More informationHumic acid - ability to use as natural surfactants Jelena Avdalović 1, Srđan Miletić 2, Vladimir Beškoski 2, Mila Ilić 2, Gordana-Gojgić Cvijović 2, Miroslav Vrvić 3 1 Institute for Technology of Nuclear
More informationAADE-02-DFWM-HO-24. Copyright 2002 AADE Technical Conference
AADE-02-DFWM-HO-24 Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids: Effect of Emulsifier when Changing Synthetic and Base Oil Lirio Quintero, Dennis Clapper, and Alex McKellar, Baker Hughes INTEQ Copyright 2002 AADE Technical
More informationBy Anastasia Mardilovich Behr, Luis Madrigal, Cynthia Pierre, Gregory Monaghan, and Flor Castillo The Dow Chemical Company
O - By Anastasia Mardilovich Behr, Luis Madrigal, Cynthia Pierre, Gregory Monaghan, and Flor Castillo The Dow Chemical Company With the industry trend to low-voc latex paints, managing foam is a significant
More informationThe use of Nile Red to monitor the aggregation behavior in ternary surfactant-waterorganic
University of Groningen The use of Nile Red to monitor the aggregation behavior in ternary surfactant-waterorganic solvent systems Stuart, Marcus; van de Pas, JC; Engberts, Jan; Pas, John C. van de Published
More informationBIO-SOFT. N-Series Product Guide
BIO-SOFT N-Series Guide 13 Safety and Regulatory Information Thank you for considering Stepan Company as Your Complete Surfactant Source. TM Stepan s linear alcohol ethoxylates (LAEs) are sold under the
More informationMutual Influence of HEDP and SDS - Zn 2+ System on Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel
Transactions of the SAEST 40 (2005) 35-39 Transactions of the SAEST Mutual Influence of and SDS - Zn 2+ System on Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel Susai Rajendran 1*, A. John Amalraj 1, J. Wilson Sahayaraj
More informationRevised Synthesis and Properties of N-(3-Oxapropanoxyl)dodecanamide: A Novel Surfactant for Use in Surfactant-Polymer Flooding
Professor Rainer Glaser, Associate Editor 321 Chemistry Building 601 S. College Avenue Columbia, MO 65211 Jessica Stokes; Charlotte Wesley Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri 205 Schlundt Hall
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage:
Research Article CODEN: IJRPJK ISSN: 2319 9563 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage: www.ijrpns.com COMPARARISSION OF SOLUBILITY IMPROVEMENT OF CEFIXIME
More informationSURFACTANTS AND INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA
SURFACTANTS AND INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA THIRD EDITION Milton J. Rosen Surfactant Research Institute Brooklyn College The City University of New York A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION SURFACTANTS AND
More informationCH 3. Lipids CHAPTER SUMMARY
H 3 C H 3 C 15 H 3 C H Views of Cholesterol APTER SUMMARY 15.1 The Nature of can best be defined as biomolecules which are soluble to a great extent in solvents. In contrast to carbohydrates, proteins
More informationSolubilization-emulsification mechanisms of detergency
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 74, 169-215 (1993) Review Solubilization-emulsification mechanisms of detergency Clarence A. Miller a,* Kirk H. Raney b a Department of
More informationEFFECT OF PVP ON CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXATION OF EFAVIRENZ FOR ENHANCING ITS SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article EFFECT OF PVP ON CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXATION OF EFAVIRENZ FOR ENHANCING ITS SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION
More informationISSN: X CODEN: IJPTFI Available Online through Research Article
ISSN: 0975-766X CODEN: IJPTFI Available Online through Research Article www.ijptonline.com NEW SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF NAPROXEN TABLETS FORMULATIONS EMPLOYING MIXED SOLVENCY CONCEPT (AT 331NM)
More informationSilicone Surfactants. Group Opposites. Amphilic Compounds
Silicone Surfactants Editors Note: This edition of The Silicone Spectator will begin to address polymeric materials derived from silicone that have a at least two groups that in pure form are insoluble
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Research Article INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (p-issn: 2348-5213: e-issn: 2348-5221) www.ijcrcps.com MICELLIZATION BEHAVIOUR OF BILE SALTS WITH DISPRINE
More informationDow Surfactants. A guide to products and performance for paints and coatings
Dow Surfactants A guide to products and performance for paints and coatings Dow Surfactants for Paints and Coatings Dow Coating Materials offers an innovative and diverse portfolio of paint and coatings
More informationW III. Formulation Scan! W II W I. What is Solubilization?! All phase diagrams contain a. Phase behavior!
1 / 235 44 th American Chemical Society National Meeting, New rleans LA USA, April 6-10, 2008 2 / 44 What is Solubilization? it is the ability of a surfactant to produce a monophasic system containing
More informationMECHANISM OF NONIONIC SURFAC- TANT INHIBITION OF PENTACHLO- ROPHENOL BIODEGRADATION
MECHANISM OF NONIONIC SURFAC- TANT INHIBITION OF PENTACHLO- ROPHENOL BIODEGRADATION T. Cort and A. Bielefeldt University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering,
More informationCharacterization and Emulsification Properties of Rhamnolipid and Sophorolipid Biosurfactants and Their Applications
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 1232-1244; doi:10.3390/ijms12021232 Review OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Characterization and Emulsification
More informationISM08. Surfactants II Chapters 3 and 4
ISM08 Surfactants II Chapters 3 and 4 1 Topics Emulsions Foam Curvature Laplace pressure Packing factor Lyotropic phases Membranes and vesicles 2 Emulsions Emulsions are dispersions of immiscible or partially
More informationMicellar and Phase Transfer Catalyses
Micellar and Phase Transfer Catalyses Dr. Pallab Ghosh Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781039 India Joint Initiative of IITs and IISc Funded by MHRD 1/17 Table
More information