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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), acute bowel injury/acute intestinal distress syndrome and, definitions of, intra-abdominal hypertension and, 275, , 280 intra-abdominal pressure, during pregnancy, in burn patients, in hematological patients, 288 in morbidly obese patients, 288 in pediatric patients, 287 recognition of, clinical awareness in, 277 etiology in, 277 risk factors for, 277, 279 Acute bowel injury, as new concept, defined, vs. intra-abdominal hypertension, 294 Acute intestinal distress syndrome, defined, Amino acid(s), arginine deficiency of, effects on wound healing, supplementation of, branched-chain, 184 glutamine, 184 in wound healing, Anesthesia, local, 219, 221 procedural sedation, 218, 221 regional, 219 topical agents, 220 with nitrous oxide, Anger management, wound healing and, 204 Antibiotics, intravenous for necrotizing fasciitis, 336 for osteomyelitis, for septic arthritis, prophylactic, for bite wounds, 231 for hand surgery, 328 for oral injuries, 231 Arginine, as substrate for nitric oxide, deficiency of, effects on wound healing, supplementation of, Crit Care Nurs Clin N Am 24 (2012) ccnursing.theclinics.com /12/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
2 346 Index B Biofilms, debridement of, 240 Bite wound management, algorithm for, 230 prophylactic antibiotics for, 231 Burn injuries, treatment of, 174 C Calcium alginate, for wound healing, 258 Carbohydrates, glucose, Compartments, interrelationships of, 290 Compartment syndrome(s), 276. See also Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS); Polycompartment syndrome. abdominal, cascade of events in, 263 defined, 275 forearm, four compartments, 276 in upper limb vs. in lower limb, leg or foot, reconstruction of foot after, D Debridement, as facilitator of wound healing, 241 benefits of, clinical practice guidelines for, 243 cultural competence and, 250 evidence-based practice and, in wound bed preparation, 240 in wound management, 222 methods for, factors influencing choice of, 244 of acute wounds, 173 of chronic wounds, 175 of wound bed, patient education for, 250 purpose of, 240 types and methods for, autolytic, 247 biotherapy, 248 chemical, enzymatic, 248 hydrogels, 247 hydrotherapy, 246 mechanical, pulsed lavage, 246 surgical, 245 topical substances, 249 wound VAC, 249 Diabetes, surgical site infections and, mortality and morbidity from, 325
3 Index 347 E Essential fatty acids, in wound healing, F Fats, in wound healing, Feeding(s), regimen for, total enteral nutrition, total parenteral nutrition, 192 Foot, reconstruction after leg or foot compartment sydrome, Foot compartment syndrome, anterior and posterior, 315 complications of, late, deformity in, claw toes, 314, plantar flexion, 316 varus foot, 318 diagnosis of, delay in, acute phase of care, 314 late, 314 equinus and cavus with heel varus and claw toes in, 314 flexor hallucis longus muscle damage in, 316, 320 late reconstructions, skin problems following, 320 posterior, contracture of, 317 late symptoms in, tenotomy for, Forearm compartment syndrome, anatomy in, cross-section of, 264 musculature in, nerves in, upper extremity in, 265 Volkmann s ischemic contracture in, 264 causes of, chronic, diagnosis of, electromyography in, 267 fluid infusion technique in, myotonometry, 267 signs in, 265 incidence of, 262 nonoperative treatment of, 267 pathophysiology of, arteriovenous pressure gradient differential in, 262 surgical techniques for, fasciotomies of forearm compartments, post-procedure care, 269 Volkmann s ischemic contracture following, classification of, reconstrution techniques, G Gauze, impregnated, in wound healing, 257 Glucose, in wound healing, H Hair removal, preoperative, 330 Hand injuries, prophylactic antibiotics for, 231
4 348 Index Hand surgery, prophylactic antibiotics in, 328 Healing, psychological stress impact on. See Psychological stress. Healing agents, Hemostasis, in wound healing, HIV-positive patients, surgical site infections and, 326 Hydrocolloids, for wound healing, Hydrogels, for wound healing, Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, for wound healing, 259 I Infection, wound healing and, 191 Inflammatory phase, in wound healing, , , 256 macrophages in, mast cells in, 167 neutrophils in, Intra-abdominal hypertension, acute bowel injury/acute intestinal distress syndrome and, assessment algorithm for, 277, 280 clinical management of, 295 fluid resuscitation in, fluid selection for, , 293 importance and effects of, massive, organ dysfunction and mortality and, improvement of abdominal wall compliance and, management algorithm for, 296 medical treatment of, 295 continuous negative abdominal pressure, 298 correction of capillary leak, 298 evacuation of abdominal fluid collections, evacuation of intra-luminal contents, 297 melatonin in, 298 octreotide in, 298 options for, 297 risk factors for, 277, 279 Intra-abdominal pressure. See Abdominal copartment syndrome (ACS). clinical and radiologic examination in, 278 measurement of, continuous, 281 direct, 278, 280 frequency of, 281 in awake patients, 282 in children, 282 indirect, patient selection for, 281 technique selection for, 277, 281 pathophysiologic implications, abdominal wall and endocrine, 287 cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, 287 hepatic, neurologic, pulmonary, 285 renal,
5 Index 349 Iron, in wound healing, 191 Irrigation, intraoperative, in wound management, 219, L Leg compartment syndrome, causes of, 312 diagnosis of, errors in, failure to, 312 fasciotomies in, foot deficit following, prevention of, M Magnesium, in wound healing, 190 Malnutrition, orthopedic wound infection and, 324 wound healing and, protein-energy and protein-calorie, 183 Marital discord, wound healing and, 204 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, in surgical site infections, 326 Micronutrients, in wound healing, Mucosal wound healing, psychological stress effect on, 203 N Necrotic tissue, debridement of, 240, 242 Necrotizing fasciitis, fluid resuscitation and intravenos antibiotics, 336 mortality from, surgical debridement of, 336 types of, 336 nitrous oxide anesthesia, in wound management, Nuitritional state, evaluation of, Nutrition, and wound healing, historical perspective on, in wound repair, amino acids and, carbohydrates and, evaluation of nutritional state and, fats and, feeding for, in infection, 191 malnutrition and, micronutrients and, protein and, 183 vitamins and, O Oral injuries, prophylactic antibiotics for, 231 Osteomyelitis, defined, 334 intravenous antibiotics for, presentation of, 334 surgical treatment of,
6 350 Index P Pain, wound healing and, 203 Partial thickness wounds, treatment of, 174 Polycompartment syndrome, abdominal compartment syndrome and, 289 interactions between compartments and, intra-abdominal hypertension and, 289 Postoperative infection(s), See also Surgical site infection(s). necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, Proliferation phase, in wound healing, 206, 256 fibroblasts in, TGF-, Prophylactic antibiotics, algorithm for preoperative use, 329 as risk factor for surgical site infection, for acute wounds, for bite wounds, 231 for hand injuries, 231 for oral injuries, 231 in hand surgery, 328 Protein, in wound healing, 183 Psychological stress, experimental studies of blister wound model, punch biopsy wound model, tape stripping disruption of skin barrier, impact on wound healing, intervention studies of, fluoxetine, 206 physical exericise, relaxation, 205 social support, 206 written emotional disclosure, 205 observational studies of, in chronic wounds, 202 in surgical wounds, 202 physiologic pathways of wound healing impairment, catecholamines in, cytokine production in, glucocorticoids in, 207 infection susceptibility in, 209 matrix metalloproteinase in, 209 oxytocin in, 208 vasopressin in, 208 wound cellularity and, 209 wound hypoxia and, 209 wound healing and, behavioral mechanisms and, 210 R Remodeling phase, in wound healing, 206, 256 metalloproteinase inhibitors in, 171 metalloproteinases in, 171 scar formation in,
7 Index 351 Rheumatoid arthritis, management of, TNF-, 327 medications for, as cause, 327 surgical site infections and, comorbidities and, 327 medication-induced, S Scar formation, factors in, in remodeling phase, Septic arthritis management, debridement in, 333 in hand and wrist, 333 in interphalangeal joints of hand, in metacarpophalangeal joints, 333 intravenous antibiotics in, Silver, for wound healing, 259 Smoking, wound healing and, Surgical site infection(s).see also Postoperative infection(s). defined, 323 drains and, closed suction vs. simple conduit, 331 hair removal and, preoperative, 330 intraoperatie wound irrigation and, 330 intraoperative risk factors for, modifiable, 328 management of, cellulitis, 332 differentiation of superficial vs. deep, surgical drainage in, 332 wound vacuum-assisted closure in, mastectomy with lymph node dissection and, 327 postoperative, methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus in, Staphylococcus aureus in, 323 preoperative risk factors for, diabetes, HIV, 326 malnutrition, 324 mastectomy with lymph node dissection, 327 modifiable, MRSA carrier, 325 prophylactic antibiotics, RA, smoking, preoperative skin preparation and, alcohol for, chlorhexidine gluconate for, 328 wound irrigation for, pulsatile, 330 with detergent, 330 with povidone-iodine irrigant, 330 Sutures, materials for, types of, T TGF- in wound healing,
8 352 Index V Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC), for wound healing, 259 in surgical site infection, in wound management, septic arthritis, Vitamin A, in wound healing, Vitamin B complex, in wound healing, 189 Vitamin C, in wound healing, Vitamin E, in wound healing, Vitamin K, in wound healing, 190 Vitamin(s), in wound healing, Volkmann s ischemic contracture, 264 classification of, following forearm compartment syndrome, reconstruction techniques for, W Wound closure, by primary intention vs. secondary intention, 173 Wound healing. See also Wounds. agents for, calcium alginate, 258 hydrocolloids, 258 hydrogels, impregnated gauze, 257 nonadherent, 257 silver, barriers to, 241 biology of, complications in, in diabetic patient, 183 facilitators of, 241 guidelines for acute wounds, hyperbaric oxygen therapy for, 259 impediments to, 255, mechanisms of, delayed primary intention, 172 in dermal wounds, 171 in open wounds, 172 partial thickness healing, 172 primary intention, 171 secondary intention, normal and pathologic responses to,acute wounds, chronic wounds, 175 nutrition and. See Nutrition. phases of, , 256 hemostasis, inflammatory, proliferative, remodeling, psychological stress and. See Psychological stress. vacuum-assissted closure, 259 wound definition and classification and, 172 Wound healing primer,
9 Index 353 Wound management, aftercare instructions, 232 anesthesia in, , antibiotics in, bites, 230, 231 botulinum toxin in, 233 clinical evaluation in, allergies and immunization history, 217 environmental factors, 216 time to, 216 time to suture, closure in, adhesive tapes, 227 materials for, 224 staples for, 224 sutures for, techniques of, tissue adhesives in, , 232 types of, 222 cosmesis in, diagnostic evaluation, 218 extremities, eyebrow, eyelid, 228 face, 228, 233 gunshot wounds, 230 hands, 229, 231 hyaluronidase injection in, 233 lip, 228 nail bed, oral cavity and mucous membranes, 228, 231 physical examination in, for foreign bodies, 218 motor, 218 neurovaascular, 217 wound depth, 218 pinna, 227 procine small intestinal mucosa in, 233 scalp, 227 therapeutic intervention in, wound preparation in, 219, Wound(s). See also Wound healing acute blood supply to, debridement of, 173 impediments to healing of, 172 primary closure of, 173 prophylactic antibiotics in, types of, 174 chronic, 175, 240 barriers to healing, 240 debridement of, 175, 240, 250 guidelines for, psychological stress and, 202
10 354 Index deep, 174 definition and classification of, 172 physiology of, 216 wounds, treatment of Deep, 174 Z Zinc, in wound healing,
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