Index. G Geriatric depression scale (GDS), 25, 139

Transcription

1 A Absorption, drug administration, 54 Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), Acetaminophen characteristics, 124 considerations for older adults, indications for use, mechanism of action, route of administration, 125 Activities of daily living (ADLS), 22 Acute herpes zoster, management strategies, 84 Acute pain management in emergency department, in medical inpatients, in nursing home, quality improvement in, prevalence and impact of, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) lists, 96 Age-related physiologic changes, 53 Aging, pharmacologic changes with, 73 American Geriatrics Society (AGS), 17 American Medical Directors Association (AMDA), 17 American Pain Society (APS), 94 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), 42 Antiepileptic drugs, Arthritis Foundation Self Help Program (ASHP), 6 B Baby boomer population, 178 Behavioral interventions fear avoidance, 146 operant behavioral therapy, Benzodiazepine duration of action, 57 Biofeedback training, 143 Buprenorphine, 117 C Cancer pain anti-cancer treatments, 80 brain metastasis, 78 etiologies, 76 goals of care for patients, 77 intractable pain, 80 multimodal therapy, 80 neuropathic pain, 77 opioids for, 78 post-chemotherapy pain, 80 prevalence, 76 Caregiver self-assessment questionnaire, Central pain processing disorders, clinical consequence, 97 Central post-stroke pain (CSP) causes, 103 characteristics, 104 goals of care, 104 interventional therapies, 105 management of, 104 neurosurgical procedures, 106 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 G. A. Cordts, P. J. Christo (eds.), Effective Treatments for Pain in the Older Patient, 193

2 194 Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI), 17 Chronic pain in aging populations, 132 characteristics, 131 prevalence of, 132 Codeine, 113 Cognitive-behavioral interventions acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), technological applications of, Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), Complimentary therapies electrical nerve stimulation (ENS), 149 massage therapy, 150 Compression fractures causes, 91 diagnosis, 91 goals of care, 91 kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty, 92 wedge fractures, 91 Consensus Panel of the Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP), 186 Continuous intrathecal analgesia, Contractures causes, 92 complementary and alternative medicine techniques, 93 extremity, 92 goals of care, 93 treatment, 93 D Degenerative disorders, definition, Degenerative joint disease (DJD). See Osteoarthritis (OA) Delirium, perioperative pain and, Dementia, treatment strategy for elderly with, 31 Diabetes mellitus, 76 Diphenylheptane derivates, 112 Disuse atrophy, 92 Drug abuse screening test (DAST), 183 Drug addiction 4Cs, 181 assessment, cannabis, 178 clinical presentation, four A s, 183 interview process, 183 marijuana, 178 opioids, 178 prevalence by age, 178 prevention, risk stratified management, tolerance, 181 treatment, Drug adverse effects, 59 Drug interactions, E Electrical nerve stimulation (ENS), Epidural steroid injections, lumbar spinal stenosis, Equianalgesic doses, 79 Excretion, 58 Exercise, 149 F Facet joint injections and radiofrequency ablation, level of L4-L5, 158 Fear avoidance, Fentanyl, 116 Fibromyalgia (FM) definition, 98 goals of care, 98 pharmacotherapy, 98 pharmacotherapy for, 99 prevalence, 98 G Geriatric depression scale (GDS), 25, 139 H Hepatic impairment patients, 68 Herpes Zoster. See Varicella zoster virus (VZV) Hip fractures, 42 Hydrocodone, 114 Hydromorphone, 114 Hydrophylic drugs, 55 I Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), 22, 23

3 195 Interlaminar epidural steroid injection, fluoroscopic image of, 155 Intra-articular peripheral joint injections, Intramuscular absorption, 55 Intrathecal analgesia characteristics of patients with cancer, 169 contraindications to delivery system, 170 pump system, 168 Intravenous absorption, 55 K Kyphoplasty, 163 L Levorphanol, 115 Lipophilic drugs, 55 Low back pain (LBP) definition, 94 evaluation, 95 goals of care, 97 non-musculoskeletal cause, 96 pyriformis syndrome, 96 red flag, 95 treatment options, 97 yellow flag factors, 95 Lumbar spinal stenosis, M Massage therapy, 150 Medtronic Synchromed II intrathecal pump, 169 Mental healthiness and aging initiative (MHAI) intervention, 188 Meperidine, 115 Metabolism, Methadone, 115 Mindfulness-based therapy, 144 Minimum Data Set (MDS), 46 Morphine, 113 Myofascial pain, 86 N Neuromodulation, Neuropathic pain, 134 Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG), 76 Nociceptive and neuropathic pain, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 122 characteristics, 120 common side effects of, 124 considerations for older adults, indications for use, mechanism of action, 121 pharmacokinetics, routes of administration, 123 O Operant behavioral therapy, Opioid risk tool (ORT), 183 Opioids age-specific considerations, characteristics, 110 choice of, classification of, 79 dosing considerations, indications for drug, 111 long-acting, 79 mechanism of action/classification, 110 and metabolite half-lives, 56 and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 120 routes of administration, 111 short-acting, 79 types of, Oral absorption, 55 Oral opioid dosing chart, 79 Osteoarthritis (OA) cause of pain, 87 characteristic X-ray findings, 88 degree of disability, 87 diagnosis, 87 goals of care, 88 nonpharmacologic therapies, 88 opioids for, 89 pathophysiology, 87 pharmacologic agents, 88 physical therapy, 88 prevalence, 170 risk factors, 87 treatment, 89 Osteoporosis (OS), definition, 91 Oxycodone, 114 P Pain 6 A s, 31

4 196 Pain (cont.) assessment and management, 4 5 cancer, 3 cancer-related, 2 characteristics, 1 definition, 1 diseases causing, 19 epidemiology, 1 3 in later life, 3 4 management approaches in older adults, 5 8 minority aging, 141 nonpharmacologic therapies, 5 opioids for chronic, 7 pharmacologic therapies, 5 in post-operative setting, 3 prevalent causes in later life, 2 treatment, pharmacotherapy, Pain assessment caregiver assessment, cognitive assessment, documentation, 30 in elderly, challenges of, 14 emotional assessment, 24 functional assessment, 22, 135 hierarchy of, 17 history, 15 management implications, medication, 19 nociceptive and neuropathic pain, in nonverbal patients/patients with advanced dementia, 30 past medical history (PMH), perception and, physical examination, 24 purpose of, 14 red flags, 28 tools, 37 self-report instruments, vitamin D deficiency, 24 Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD), 17 Pain behaviors in cognitively impaired elderly persons, 18 noncommunicative patients and observation of, Pain management approach to, 14 Beer s list, 65 of fracture/surgery related, in hospital, Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) goals of care for patients, 81 incidence of, 80 nonpharmacologic treatment options, 82 pharmacologic treatments for, 82 prevalence, 81 signs and symptoms, 81 treatment, 82 Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 26 Perioperative pain and delirium, Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) causes, 99 goals of care, 100, 103 hydromorphone, 101 intractable forms of, 103 morphine, 101 post-op confusion, 99 treatment, 100 Personality traits and pain, 138 Pharmacodynamic drug interactions, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetic drug interactions, Pharmacokinetic interactions, analgesics, Pharmacokinetics, Phenanthrene derivatives, 112 Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), 161 Polymyalgia rheumatic (PMR) characteristics, 84 diagnosis, 85 etiology, 84 and giant cell arteritis (GCA), 85 goals of care, 86 treatment, 86 Postherpetic neuralgia, treatment, 85. See Varicella zoster virus (VZV) Postsurgical pain, opioid options for, 102 Pressure ulcers causes, 93 goals of care for, 93 Protein-bound drugs, 56 Psychological functioning beliefs about pain, 140 mood and emotional responses, personality traits, R Red flags, 28 Relaxation training, 144 Renal impairment patients, 67 Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction- Related Surveillance system (RADARS), 179

5 S Sacroiliac joint, 160 Sacroiliac joint interventions, Sciatica, Screener and opioid assessment for patients with pain (SOAPP), 183 Screening Tool for Addiction Risk (STAR), 183 Self-regulatory interventions biofeedback training, 143 mindfulness-based therapy, 144 relaxation training, 144 Serotonin-norephinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), dosing and side effects, 128 Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) lead placement, 167 probability of pain reduction, 167 Spinal stenosis cause, 90 clinical presentation, 90 diagnosis, 90 goals of care, 90 physical therapy, 90 treatment options, 90 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 139 Sublingual absorption, Substance abuse (SA) causes of, 179 early-onset users, 179 elderly population, 184 late-onset users, 179 patterns of use, 179 risk factors for, 180 treatment admissions, 178 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 186 Substance use disorders (SUD), assessment of, 181 SynchroMed Infusion System, 168 T Tapentadol, 118 Tolerance, 181 Tramadol, 117 Transdermal adsorption, 54 Transforaminal epidural steroid injection, fluoroscopic image of, 156 Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), dosing and side effects, 128 U Urine drug testing (UDT), 182 V Varicella zoster virus (VZV) acute zoster pain, 83 analgesic agents, 84 antiviral medication, 84 characteristics, 83 corticosteroid treatment, 84 goals of care, 83 incidence, 83 management strategies, 84 treatment, 83 Vertebral augmentation, contraindications to, 164 Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), 91 Vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty, needle placement for, 161 polymethyl methacrylate under fluoroscopy during, 162 W Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale, 16 Z Zarit Burden interview,