Red Cell Rheology. Editors: M. Bessis, S. B. Shohet and N. Mohandas. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York With 200 Figures and 36 Tables

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1 Red Cell Rheology Editors: M. Bessis, S. B. Shohet and N. Mohandas With 200 Figures and 36 Tables Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978

2 Acknowledgements This Symposium, held at the Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Hopital de Bicetre, France, July 16-18, 1976, was made possible by the generosity of HOECHST Laboratories. The proofs have been corrected by each author. The discussions were edited by Stephen B. Shohet and N aria Mohandas; they have been somewhat shortened because of difficulties of intelligibility in the recordings. Authors so inclined are always welcome to submit letters or other commentaries for the next issue of BLOOD CELLS. MARCEL BESS]S Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire H6pital de Bicetre F Bicetre, France STEPHEN B. SHOHET The University of California School of Medicine Cancer Research Center San Francisco, CA 94143, USA N. MOHANDAS University of California School of Medicine Cancer Research Institute San Francisco, CA 94143, USA This monograph comprises Vol. 3, 1-2 of the international journal Blood Cells (Editor: Marcel Bessis, Associate Editor: Stephen B. Shohet and N. Mohandas) ISBN-13: e-isbn -13: DOl: / This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations. broadcastings, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under 54 of the German Copyright Law, where copies are made for other than private use, fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher. by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. 2121/

3 Table of Contents Part I SECTION I: METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF RED CELL DEFORMABILITY P.-I. BRANEMARK, U. BAGGE: Intravascular Rheology of Erythrocytes in Man Discussion... J.D. BRAILSFORD, R.A. KORPMAN, B.S. BULL: The Aspiration of Red Cell Membrane into Small Holes: New Data B.S. BULL, J.D. BRAILSFORD, R.A. KORPMAN: Red Cell Membrane Deformability: an Examination of Two Apparently Disparate Methods of Measurement Discussion of Papers by Brailsford et al. and Bull et al P. TEITEL: Basic Principles of the' Filterability Test' (FT) and Analysis of Erythrocyte Flow Behavior S. CHIEN: Principles and Techniques for Assessing Erythrocyte Deformability Discussion W.M. PHILLIPS: Viscometric Techniques and the Rheology of Blood Discussion II SECTION II: BIOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR RED CELL SHAPE AND DEFORMABILITY S.B. SHOHET, A.C. GREENQUIST: Possible Roles for Membrane Protein Phosphorylation in the Control of Erythrocyte Shape E. BEUTLER, E. GUINTO, C. JOHNSON: Human Red Cell Protein Kinase in Normal Subjects and Patients with Hereditary Spherocytosis, Sickle Cell Disease, and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia C. FEO, N. MOHANDAS: Role of A TP Depletion on Red Cell Shape and Deformability Discussion

4 4 Table of Contents K. TADANO, J.D. HELLUMS, E.C. LYNCH, E.J. PECK, c.p. ALFREY: The Effects of A TP Depletion on the Response of Erythrocytes to Shear Stress R.S. HEUSINKVELD, D.A. GOLDSTEIN, R.I. WEED, P.L. LACELLE: Effect of Protein Modification on Erythrocyte Membrane Mechanical Properties 175 A.C. GREENQUIST, S.S. SHOHET: Commentary SECTION III: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS N. MOHANDAS, A.DEBOISFLEURY: Antibody-Induced Spherocytic Anemia. I. Changes in Red Cell Deformability A. DE BOISFLEURY, N. MOHANDAs: Antibody-Induced Spherocytic Anemia. II. Splenic Passage and Sequestration of Red Cells Discussion of Papers by Mohandas, Boisfleury and Boisfleury, Mohandas 206 C. ALLARD, N. MOHANDAS, M. BESSIS: Red Cell Deformability Changes in Hemolytic Anemias Estimated by Diffractometric Methods (Ektacytometry). Preliminary Results Discussion Part II SECTION I: SICKLE CELL RHEOLOGY M. BESSIS, N. MOHANDAS: Laser Diffraction Patterns of Sickle Cells in Fluid Shear Fields L.S. LESSIN, J. KURANTSIN-MILLS, H.B. WEEMS: Deformability of Normal and Sickle Erythrocytes in a Pressure-flow Filtration System P.P. KLUG, L.S. LESSIN: Microvascular Blood Flow of Sickled Erythrocytes: A Dynamic Morphologic Study Discussion of Papers by Lessin et al. and Klug and Lessin P.L. LACELLE: Oxygen Delivery to Muscle Cells during Capillary Occlusion by Sickled Erythrocytes Discussion S. CHIEN: Rheology of Sickle Cells and Erythrocyte Content 279 Discussion

5 Table of Contents 5 H.S. ZARKOWSKY, R.M. HOCHMUTH: Experimentally-Induced Alterations in the Kinetics of Erythrocyte Sickling SECTION II: GENERAL THEORIES OF RED CELL SHAPE, STRUCTURE, AND RHEOLOGY R.A. KORPMAN, D.C. DORROUGH, J.D. BRAILSFORD, B.S. BULL: The Red Cell Shape as an Indicator of Membrane Structure: Ponder's Rule Reexamined. Discussion P.L. LACELLE, E.A. EVANS, R.M. HOCHMUTH: Erythrocyte Membrane Elasticity, Fragmentation and Lysis Discussion T. FISCHER, H. SCHMID-SCHONBEIN: Tank Tread Motion of Red Cell Membranes in Viscometric Flow: Behavior of Intracellular and Extracellular Markers (with Film) L. DINTENFASS: Theoretical Aspects and Clinical Applications of the Blood Viscosity Equation Containing a Term for the Internal Viscosity of the Red Cell.... J.D. BRAILSFORD: Commentary P.L. BLACKSHEAR, JR., R.J. ANDERSON: Hemolysis Thresholds in Microporous Structures Discussion P. ASPELIN, H. SCHMID-SCHONBEIN: Effect of Radio Contrast Media on the Red Blood Cell: An in vitro Study on Human Erythrocytes J.A. SIRS: Effects of Storage on the Respiratory Function and Flexibility of Red Blood Cells 405 Discussion SECTION III: SUMMING UP S. CHIEN: Rheological Methods 423 B. BULL: The Implications of Rheology for Red Cell Membrane Structure 427 G. BRECHER: Clinical Applications Red Cell Rheology; Glossary of Terms

6 This issue is dedicated to the memory of Robert I. WEED ( ) Bob was Associate Editor of the journal Blood Cells to which he gave his enthusiasm and his knowledge. His industry, his creativity, his thoroughness and efficiency made him one of the leaders of International Hematology. He never hesitated to commit himself and to explore new fields. He fought for his ideas which were numerous and sometimes shocking for the classical hematologist, a certain sign of originality. Those who knew him and loved him are aware that the projects that death kept him from accomplishing may be more important than those his short life allowed him to conclude. His legacy of ideas remains for the hematologists of the world a source of stimulation and inspiration.