SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: Immunity toward H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin of historical and contemporary strains suggests protection and vaccine failure

Transcription

1 SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: Immunity toward H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin of historical and contemporary strains suggests protection and vaccine failure Running Title: Immunity toward the evolving H1N1 influenza viruses Stephen S. H. Huang 1,2,*, Zhen Lin 1,*, David Banner 1, Alberto Leon 1, Stephane Paquette 1,6, Barry Rubin 3, Salvatore Rubino 4, Yi Guan 5, David J. Kelvin 1,2,4,5,6,#, and Alyson A. Kelvin 7 1 Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 2 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 3 Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 4 Universita' degli Studi di Sassari, Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07 Sassari, Italia; 5 International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; 6 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 7 Immune Diagnostics & Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; *These authors contributed equally to this manuscript #Corresponding Author. Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity of the Shantou University Medical College, Xingling Road. 22, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China address: dkelvin@uhnresearch.ca (David J. Kelvin) Tel: 1(416) Fax: 1(416)

2 Figure and Table Legends Supplementary Figure S1. Infection of historical and contemporary H1N1 strain infections in ferrets showed diverse clinical features. Clinical signs of infected ferrets were measured daily over 14 days. Temperature A) and weight B) were recorded daily until end day and are expressed as percentage relative to the pre-infection level at Day 0. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Supplementary Figure S2. HA aa Clustal sequence alignment shows various sequence changes between NCal/ with SI/06 and Bris/07. Clustal alignment of the full HA aa sequence from NCal/, SI/06 and Bris/07 was done using the ClustalW program. GenBank accession numbers for clustal alignment: A/NewCaledonia/20/19(H1N1) (AAP ); A/SolomonIslands/3/2006(H1N1) (ABU109.1); A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1) (ADE ). Supplementary Table S1. Secondary clinical signs of evolutionary H1N1 virus strains infected in ferrets. Ferrets were infected with various H1N1 virus strains isolated from relevant influenza outbreaks: Marton/43, FM/47, USSR/77, Taiwan/86, NCal/, and NY/09. Percent nasal discharge, percent sneezing and inactivity index were observed daily and the highest percentages and fractions of infected ferrets displaying symptoms are shown. Physical inactivity index measures the degree to which ferrets respond to environmental stimuli with a basal level of

3 Supplementary Table S2. Summary of HI assays using antisera from H1N1 infected ferrets against historical and contemporary H1N1 viruses. Ferrets were infected with Marton/43, FM/47, USSR/77, Taiwan/86, NCal/, and NY/09 H1N1 in this study or previously with SI/06 and Bris/07 influenza strains. Antisera isolated from each infection were used for HI assays against a panel of H1N1 viruses. Results from the HI assay are summarized in the table where + denotes a positive HI reaction between antisera and virus strain. Supplementary Table S3. Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay using WHO control antisera against a panel of historical and contemporary H1N1 viruses. Hemagglutination inhibition assay was preformed using control influenza virus antisera from the WHO Influenza detection kit ( WHO Influenza Reagent Kit for Identification of Influenza Isolates) against a panel of H1N1 viruses: PR/34, Marton/43, FM/47, USSR/77, Taiwan/86, NC/, SI/06 and NY/09. Supplementary Table S4. Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay using the panel of ferret antisera from historical and contemporary H1N1 infected ferrets against currently circulating influenza viruses (WHO kit). Hemagglutination Inhibition assay was performed using antisera extracted from historical and contemporary influenza infected ferrets against currently circulating influenza viruses: 2009 H1N1pdm, sh1n1, H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata ( WHO Influenza Reagent Kit for Identification of Influenza Isolates). Figures and Tables

4 %Temperature %Temperature %Temperature SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: Immune Response and H1N1 Huang et al., 2013 FIG. S1. A. Temperature B. i. Marton/43 i. Weight Marton/43 ii. %Temperature %Temperature %Temperature iii. iv. v. vi. FM/47 USSR/77 Taiwan/86 NCal/ NY/09 NY/09 ii. %Weight %Weight %Weight %Weight %Weight %Weight iii. iv. v. vi. FM/47 USSR/77 Taiwan/86 NCal/ NY/09 Days Post Infection Days Post Infection

5 Bris/07-HA MKVKLLVLLCTFTATYADTICIGYHANNSTDTVDTVLEKNVTVTHSVNLLENSHNGKLCL 60 SI/06-HA MKVKLLVLLCTFTATYADTICIGYHANNSTDTVDTVLEKNVTVTHSVNLLEDSHNGKLCL 60 NCal/-HA MKAKLLVLLCTFTATYADTICIGYHANNSTDTVDTVLEKNVTVTHSVNLLEDSHNGKLCL 60 **.************************************************:******** Bris/07-HA LKGIAPLQLGNCSVAGWILGNPECELLISKESWSYIVEKPNPENGTCYPGHFADYEELRE 120 SI/06-HA LKGIAPLQLGNCSVAGWILGNPECELLISRESWSYIVEKPNPENGTCYPGHFADYEELRE 120 NCal/-HA LKGIAPLQLGNCSVAGWILGNPECELLISKESWSYIVETPNPENGTCYPGYFADYEELRE 120 *****************************:********.***********:********* Bris/07-HA QLSSVSSFERFEIFPKESSWPNHTVTGVSASCSHNGESSFYRNLLWLTGKNGLYPNLSKS 180 SI/06-HA QLSSVSSFERFEIFPKESSWPNHTTTGVSASCSHNGESSFYKNLLWLTGKNGLYPNLSKS 180 NCal/-HA QLSSVSSFERFEIFPKESSWPNHTVTGVSASCSHNGKSSFYRNLLWLTGKNGLYPNLSKS 180 ************************.***********:****:****************** Bris/07-HA YANNKEKEVLVLWGVHHPPNIGNQKALYHTENAYVSVVSSHYSRKFTPEIAKRPKVRDQE 240 SI/06-HA YANNKEKEVLVLWGVHHPPNIGDQRALYHTENAYVSVVSSHYSRKFTPEIAKRPKVRDRE 240 NCal/-HA YVNNKEKEVLVLWGVHHPPNIGNQRALYHTENAYVSVVSSHYSRRFTPEIAKRPKVRDQE 240 *.********************:*:*******************:*************:* Bris/07-HA GRINYYWTLLEPGDTIIFEANGNLIAPRYAFALSRGFGSGIINSNAPMDKCDAKCQTPQG 300 SI/06-HA GRINYYWTLLEPGDTIIFEANGNLIAPRYAFALSRGFGSGIINSNAPMDECDAKCQTPQG 300 NCal/-HA GRINYYWTLLEPGDTIIFEANGNLIAPWYAFALSRGFGSGIITSNAPMDECDAKCQTPQG 300 *************************** **************.******:********** Bris/07-HA AINSSLPFQNVHPVTIGECPKYVRSAKLRMVTGLRNIPSIQSRGLFGAIAGFIEGGWTGM 360 SI/06-HA AINSSLPFQNVHPVTIGECPKYVRSAKLRMVTGLRNIPSIQSRGLFGAIAGFIEGGWTGM 360 NCal/-HA AINSSLPFQNVHPVTIGECPKYVRSAKLRMVTGLRNIPSIQSRGLFGAIAGFIEGGWTGM 360 ************************************************************ Bris/07-HA VDGWYGYHHQNEQGSGYAADQKSTQNAINGITNKVNSVIEKMNTQFTAVGKEFNKLERRM 420 SI/06-HA VDGWYGYHHQNEQGSGYAADQKSTQNAINGITNKVNSVIEKMNTQFTAVGKEFNKLERRM 420 NCal/-HA VDGWYGYHHQNEQGSGYAADQKSTQNAINGITNKVNSVIEKMNTQFTAVGKEFNKLERRM 420 ************************************************************ Bris/07-HA ENLNKKVDDGFIDIWTYNAELLVLLENERTLDFHDSNVKNLYEKVKSQLKNNAKEIGNGC 480 SI/06-HA ENLNKKVDDGFIDIWTYNAELLVLLENERTLDFHDSNVKNLYEKVKSQLKNNAKEIGNGC 480 NCal/-HA ENLNKKVDDGFLDIWTYNAELLVLLENERTLDFHDSNVKNLYEKVKSQLKNNAKEIGNGC 480 ***********:************************************************ Bris/07-HA FEFYHKCNDECMESVKNGTYDYPKYSEESKLNREKIDGVKLESMGVYQILAIYSTVASSL 540 SI/06-HA FEFYHKCNDECMESVKNGTYDYPKYSEESKLNREKIDGVKLESMGVYQILAIYSTVASSR 540 NCal/-HA FEFYHKCNNECMESVKNGTYDYPKYSEESKLNREKIDGVKLESMGVYQILAIYSTVASSL 540 ********:************************************************** Bris/07-HA VLLVSLGAISFWMCSNGSLQCRICI 565 SI/06-HA VLLVSLGAISFWMCSNGSLQCRICI 565 NCal/-HA VLLVSLGAISFWMCSNGSLQCRICI 565 ************************* FIG. S2. HA aa Clustal sequence alignment shows various sequences changes between Ncal/ with SI/06 and Bris/07 Clustal alignment of the full HA aa sequence from NCal/, SI/06 and Bris/07 was done using the ClustalW program. GenBank accession numbers for clustal alignment: A/NewCaledonia/20/19(H1N1) (AAP ); A/SolomonIslands/3/2006(H1N1) (ABU109.1); A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1) (ADE ).

6 Table S1. Secondary clinical signs in H1N1 virus infected ferrets Ferrets were infected with various H1N1 virus strains isolated from relevant influenza outbreaks: Marton/43, FM/47, USSR/77, Taiwan/86, NCal/, and NY/09. Percent nasal discharge, percent sneezing and inactivity index were observed daily and the highest percentages and fractions of infected ferrets displaying symptoms are shown. Physical inactivity index measures the degree to which ferrets respond to environmental stimuli with a basal level of Marton/43 FM/47 USSR/77 Taiwan/86 NCal/ NY/09 % Nasal 66.7 (8/12) 25.0 (3/12) 91.7 (11/12) 70.0 (7/10) 85.7 (12/14) 50.0 (6/12) Discharge % Sneezing 0.0 (0/12) 8.3 (1/12) 0.0 (0/12) 0.0 (0/10) 14.3 (2/14) 58.3 (7/12) Inactivity Index **The Inactivity Index system is based on the reference Reuman et al., 1989 (47) to assess the inactivity level: 0, alert and playful; 0.5, alert but playful only when stimulated; 1, alert but not playful when stimulated; 2, neither alert nor playful when stimulated. **The Inactivity Index system is based on the reference Reuman et al., 1989 (47) to assess the inactivity level: 0, alert and playful; 0.5, alert but playful only when stimulated; 1, alert but not playful when stimulated; 2, neither alert nor playful when stimulated.

7 Table S2. Summary of HI assays using antisera from H1N1 infected ferrets against historical and contemporary H1N1 viruses Ferrets were infected with Marton/43, FM/47, USSR/77, Taiwan/86, NCal/, and NY/09 H1N1 in this study or previously with SI/06 and Bris/07 influenza strains. Antisera isolated from each infection were used for HI assays against a panel of H1N1 viruses. Results from the HI assay are summarized in the table where + denotes a positive HI reaction between antisera and virus strain. Ferret Antisera Virus Strain PR/34 Marton/43 FM/47 USSR/77 Taiwan/86 NCal/ SI/06 Bris/07 NY/09 Marton/ FM/ USSR/ Taiwan/86 + NCal/ + SI/ Bris/ Cal/09 or NY/09 +

8 Table S3. Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay using WHO control antisera against a panel of historical and contemporary H1N1 viruses Hemagglutination inhibition assay was preformed using control influenza virus antisera from the WHO Influenza detection kit ( WHO Influenza Reagent Kit for Identification of Influenza Isolates) against a panel of H1N1 viruses: PR/34, Marton/43, FM/47, USSR/77, Taiwan/86, NC/, SI/06 and NY/09. Virus Strain Panel 2009 H1N1pdm WHO Control Antisera sh1n1 H3N2 B/Victoria B/Yamagata PR/ Marton/ FM/ USSR/ Taiwan/ NCal/ SI/ NY/

9 Table S4. Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay using the panel of ferret antisera from historical and contemporary H1N1 infected ferrets against currently circulating influenza viruses (WHO kit) Hemagglutination Inhibition assay was performed using antisera extracted from historical and contemporary influenza infected ferrets against currently circulating influenza viruses: 2009 H1N1pdm, sh1n1, H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata ( WHO Influenza Reagent Kit for Identification of Influenza Isolates). WHO Virus Preparation Panel of Ferret Antisera Marton/43 FM/47 USSR/77 Taiwan/86 NCal/ SI/06 Bris/07 NY/ H1N1pdm sh1n H3N B/Victoria B/Yamagata