A CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT IS AN EFFICIENT ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION FOR FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS. Claire Colenu9
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1 European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease A CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT IS AN EFFICIENT ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION FOR FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS Claire Colenu9
2 Introduc=on Multiple routes of transmission for Foot-and-Mouth disease Detection of FMDV in the environment Role of environmental transmission
3 Project outline: 4x cattle transmission experiments to study environmental and transmission Use of results to quantify the rate of indirect spread between cattle via environmental fomite/aerosol contamination Development of aerosol and environmental sampling methods for surveillance
4 Experimental plan: Transmission studies #1 Room 1 Day 0 Room 2 Day 3-8 Room 1 Room 2 Day 8-10 Day 2-3 Room 1 C4 Day 3-5 C4 C3 C3 = needle inoculation = direct contact C3 + C4 = environmental
5 Transmission study #1: results Experiment 1 November 2014 Experiment 2 February 2015 C3 Environmental in room contaminated by needle inoculated cattle One animal developed clinical signs 5 dpc Both animals developed clinical signs 5 dpc C4 Environmental in room contaminated by direct contact infected cattle No evident clinical signs, culled two weeks post One animal developed clinical signs 4 dpc
6 Transmission study #1: results Environmental samples per room: 1x feed trough swab 2x wall swabs 5x floor swabs 5x faecal samples Error bars = 1x standard deviation
7 Transmission study #1: results Environmental samples per room: 1x feed trough swab 2x wall swabs 5x floor swabs 5x faecal samples Error bars = 1x standard deviation
8 Experimental plan: Transmission studies #2 Room 1 Room 3 Day 0 Day 6-9 Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 Day 2-3 Day 3-6 Day 9-10 C5 C5 Room 1 24 hr gap between s/s and C3s Room 2 Day 4-5 Day Needle inoculated - Direct contact C3 C3 C4 C4 C3 + C5 Post-clinical fomite C4- Pre-clinical fomite
9 Transmission study #2: results Experiment 3 February 2016 Experiment 4 April 2016 C3 Environmental (24 hr gap) C4 Environmental, pre-clinical No clinical signs in observation period One animal developed clinical signs 6 dpc No clinical signs in observation period One animal developed clinical signs 2 dpc C5 Environmental One animal developed clinical signs 10 dpc One animal developed clinical signs 2 dpc
10 Transmission study #2: results Virus survival in room 1 contamina=on by needle inoculated ca9le Study 3 Study log 10 PFU/ml Trough Wall Floor Faeces log 10 PFU/ml Trough Wall Floor Faeces Day of study Day of study C3 environmental C3 environmental Environmental samples per room: 2x feed trough swabs 5x wall swabs 5x floor swabs 5x faecal samples Error bars = 1x standard deviation
11 Transmission study #2: results Virus survival in room 2 preclinical contamina=on from ca9le Study 3 Study log 10 PFU/ml Trough Wall Floor log 10 PFU/ml Trough Wall Floor 0.5 Faeces 0.5 Faeces Day of study Day of study C4 environmental Environmental samples per room: 2x feed trough swabs 5x wall swabs 5x floor swabs 5x faecal samples Error bars = 1x standard deviation C4 environmental
12 Transmission study #2: results Virus survival in room 3 contamina=on from ca9le displaying clinical signs Study 3 Study log 10 PFU/ml Trough Wall Floor log 10 PFU/ml Trough Wall Floor 0.5 Faeces 0.5 Faeces Day of study Day of study C5 environmental C5 environmental Environmental samples per room: 2x feed trough swabs 5x wall swabs 5x floor swabs 5x faecal samples Error bars = 1x standard deviation
13 Environmental transmission es=ma=ng probability of transmission
14 Conclusions Successfully demonstrated transmission of FMDV from a contaminated environment Able to quantify the amount of live virus in the environment at the point of Use of data to quantify the risk associated with transmission from the environment
15 Acknowledgements The Pirbright Institute Emma Brown Noel Nelson (Met Office) Simon Gubbins Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBR) Aldo Dekker Phaedra Eblé Jose Gonzales Animal technicians at both institutes Funded by DEFRA project SE2815
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