Health implications in the aftermath of Japan s crisis: Mental health, radiation risks, and the importance of continued surveillance
|
|
- Jonas Hardy
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Health implications in the aftermath of Japan s crisis: Mental health, radiation risks, and the importance of continued surveillance An Interview with Dr. Francesco Checchi By Rebecca Kennedy and Karuna Luthra April 12, 2011 The March 11 earthquake off the coast of Japan, followed by the devastating tsunami and an ongoing nuclear crisis in Fukushima, will create long-term challenges for both Japan and the world. This week, we spoke with Dr. Francesco Checchi (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine), an expert on infectious disease surveillance and control in crisis-affected populations, about the health aspects of recent events. This interview was published on the NBR website: Dr. Checchi splits his time between the Department of Disease Control at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and Epicentre, the epidemiology unit of Médecins Sans Frontières. His work focuses on infectious disease surveillance and control in crisis-affected populations. Dr. Checchi also conducts research on mortality estimation in emergencies, and on survey and surveillance methods in difficult settings. He has previously done fieldwork in places such as Kosovo, Sudan, Angola, Thailand, Nepal, and Afghanistan. What do you view as Japan s most urgent health concerns in wake of the recent tragedy? At this stage, it is quite difficult to predict the full impact of the nuclear crisis, as the extent of radiation exposure to date and in the upcoming weeks or months is not very clear. It seems inevitable that at least a small rise in cancer incidence will occur, particularly among people closest to the Fukushima plant. However, this excess risk might turn out to be quite small. Pending developments on the nuclear front, I would say that mental health will be by far the most pressing concern both now and in the future. Altogether, mental health disorders already affect about one-fourth of people worldwide at some point in their lifetime, and account for a greater burden of disease than heart disease or cancer. The prevalence of various mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety, is known to be far higher in crisis-affected populations across various areas of the world. In Japan, tens of thousands of people have lost a loved one. Hundreds of thousands have lost their homes and livelihoods, compounded by the stress of temporary living conditions. Many more have been
2 exposed to various traumas the earthquake itself and the countless aftershocks, including the massive one of April 7; the nuclear scare; and witnessing extreme suffering and devastation. Addressing mental health disorders in this very large population is going to be a major challenge for the Japanese health system, both in the short and the long-term. Keeping stress in mind, another pressing health concern will probably be cardiovascular disease. I am aware of only one paper (from Armenia in the 1980s) suggesting that earthquake survivors are at higher risk of developing heart conditions, but stress is a known risk factor. I would guess that many elderly persons will be at some level of increased risk due to brief discontinuations in care and difficult living conditions. Much of this excess risk will probably occur over the days and weeks immediately following the disaster, and I would expect that the excellent health infrastructure of Japan will be able to contain this risk to a minimum within the next few weeks. Infectious diseases often spread rapidly after crises. Should this also be a concern for Japan right now? Infectious diseases are a threat in any post-disaster situation. However, given the high vaccination coverage before the earthquake, the excellent nutritional status of the Japanese population, and the availability of basic care even in evacuation centers, I would not expect major outbreaks, provided that newborns in the evacuation centers continue to receive their routine vaccines, food rations are adequate, and health services are available. I think that the main infectious risk will be pneumonia, particularly among the elderly, due to exposure to the elements and overcrowding. Pneumonia was actually the first cause of hospitalization during the first two weeks following the 1995 earthquake in Kobe. Despite Japan s exceptional health infrastructure, the scale of the disaster has proved challenging and resulted in an enormous loss of life, with many people still unaccounted for. Much of your work focuses on the quantification of human casualties in crisis-afflicted regions. What difficulties are present in determining such figures in Japan at this time? The death toll of this disaster remains unclear, largely because many public records have been lost and thousands of people are still missing. I don't think quantifying the exact death toll is a priority now. The major challenge here will be to quantify the number of deaths in households of which no single member survived to report a family member as missing. However, I would expect that a good estimate would be easy to arrive at by analyzing missing persons lists and allowing extended family members to contribute to these lists. The next countrywide census will probably give the most accurate death toll estimate.
3 In northeast Japan, an estimated 350,000 people currently reside in evacuation centers, including 100,000 children and many elderly. What are the health risks and challenges of these living conditions during and following major disasters? In physical terms, I don't think that these evacuation centers pose major health risks, as long as vaccination programs continue, basic health care is available on site with the opportunity for quick referral to nearby hospitals in case of complications, and food rations are sufficient in quantity and quality (micronutrient content). The information I have is that these basic conditions are currently met, and one can expect that conditions will improve as better accommodations are found for the evacuees. What measures should be taken to facilitate physical and mental health wellness in these evacuation centers? Mental health, as I mentioned above, is a paramount concern. Ensuring a modicum of privacy and sufficient living space, as well as promoting community groups for evacuated survivors, should be priority interventions in these evacuation centers. Actively identifying persons in emotional and mental distress and initiating care for them would also be essential. Much has to do with the duration of exposure: the sooner people can be moved to better accommodations, the better for their mental health. You mention that most of the basic conditions are being met in evacuation centers, but what about for the general Japanese population? Water issues both shortages and radiation contamination in particular continue to draw major attention. In your opinion, what are the health risks from water consumption right now and possibly in the future? I don't think that temporary shortages of potable water or unfiltered water consumption in some areas will bear major health risks. Thus far, no major outbreak of waterborne disease has been reported. Some of the obvious risk factors malnutrition, environmental or human reservoirs of diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, and lack of sanitation are just not there in this scenario. Furthermore, where people are overcrowded (in the evacuation centers), clean water seems to be available. Even if a major outbreak began, I suspect that authorities would quickly be able to bring it under control. Consumption of water contaminated with radiation is a different matter. Here, the risk is very difficult to quantify at present, as it is a function of the dose one is exposed to, which is unclear right now, given both what may happen in the next few weeks, and that people may respond to health warnings in various ways for example, by drinking only bottled water from safe sources. There are three main types of effect from exposure. First, in the case of a large dose, immediate radiation poisoning may occur, ranging from blood disorders (e.g. anemia or a drop in white blood cells) to gastrointestinal problems to more neurological (e.g. dizziness or loss of consciousness) or skin
4 problems. I doubt that radiation levels for the vast majority of Japanese will reach high enough levels to cause these problems. Second, radiation exposure leads to an increased risk of birth defects and genetic mutations. Lastly, there is an increased risk of various cancers in the long-term. Basically, risks two and three are never nil, but may range from minimal to very substantial, depending on the level of intake. I think it is still too early to venture a guess as to the magnitude of these risks. Just as a benchmark, the UN estimates that as of 2005, about 6,000 cancer cases have resulted from the Chernobyl disaster, while scientists working for Greenpeace have put the death toll of that disaster at 200,000! While the latter may be an overestimate, this illustrates the difficulty in accurately estimating the extent of health effects from a nuclear crisis the effects are varied, of complex attribution, and diluted across decades and large populations. Thankfully, most scientists agree that the Fukushima disaster is of considerably lesser magnitude than Chernobyl's. You ve pointed out that tracking specific effects of the crisis will prove difficult in the short-term. The Japanese continue to conduct the world s longest longitudinal study of radiation poisoning, which dates back to 1945 and still monitors the health of remaining atomic bomb survivors. Does this position the Japanese well to track both existing and prospective issues from the current nuclear crisis? In general, how can Japan best monitor the health of the crisis-affected population, both at present and in the future? The Japanese have excellent epidemiology and biostatistics research centers and are as well equipped as anyone to issue good estimates of the public health effects of this disaster, particularly as regards radiation exposure. Right now, reinforcing public health surveillance would be key in order to pick up abnormally high mortality in specific population groups, communities, or evacuation centers, detect any outbreaks early, and observe any signals of radiation-attributable illness. In the long-term, useful methods for monitoring health status might include reinforcing cancer and birth defect registries, and establishing prospective cohort studies among disaster survivors that quantify mortality and also the prevalence and incidence of various diseases of interest. Again, I would stress mental disorders as well as suicide as key health events to monitor. All of these studies generally require a control group people that were less or not at all exposed to the disaster. It can be helpful to compare a current situation to similar events. How does the Japan disaster compare to other crises that you ve experienced through your work? Is there a comparable situation in terms of its health challenges and outcomes? The combination of earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disasters is unprecedented. On the other hand, this is all taking place in one of the world s best-prepared countries. As such, the situation is very
5 difficult to compare with recent earthquakes in Haiti or Pakistan, or armed conflicts in sub-saharan Africa. There are two critical differences to consider in the aforementioned cases. First, people in resource-poor settings are already very vulnerable before the disaster their nutritional status is low, they are unvaccinated, they live in areas endemic for various infectious diseases, and they don't have wellfunctioning health services. Second, relief efforts in such settings are often hampered by insecurity and inaccessibility, as well as insufficient funding by donors. It is important to remember that Japan is one of the richest, healthiest countries on earth, with a vast capacity for disaster response. In these respects, the situation in Japan compares to no other I've experienced again, the only real common feature may be the high risk of mental disorders. Indeed, MSF teams currently responding to the disaster are focusing their efforts on mental health, which, even in rich countries, remains a neglected area of public health. Thankfully, Japan today is much better placed to respond to this disaster. Rebecca Kennedy is Editing Intern for the NBR Center for Health and Aging and leading the Center s Expert Q&A s on the health implications for Japan following the earthquake and tsunami of March 11. Karuna Luthra is Senior Project Manager in the NBR Center for Health and Aging and manages the Center s publications.
Disease Prevention, Detection & Response During Public Health Emergencies
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Disease Prevention, Detection & Response During Public Health Emergencies Tom Frieden, MD, MPH Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Global Disaster
More informationCholera. Report by the Secretariat
EXECUTIVE BOARD EB128/13 128th Session 9 December 2010 Provisional agenda item 4.10 Cholera Report by the Secretariat 1. In May 2010, the Executive Board at its 127th session considered a report on cholera
More information2013 Disease Detectives
2013 Disease Detectives Since the catastrophic earthquake that hit Haiti in January of 2010, there have been an alarming number of cases of Cholera, spread by the Vibrio cholera bacterium, reported within
More informationPublic Health Issues in the Wake of Katrina
Public Health Issues in the Wake of Katrina And Rita too. A Presentation by: Pavani K. Ram, MD Research Assistant Professor Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University at Buffalo Public Health
More informationOne year after a devastating earthquake and tsunami struck Japan, CARE continues to provide support for communities recovering from the disaster.
One year after a devastating earthquake and tsunami struck Japan, CARE continues to provide support for communities recovering from the disaster. On March 11, 2011, the northeast coast of Japan s main
More informationStrategic Plan for Emergency Communicable Diseases Response to the Tsunami Disaster
SEA-CD-144 SEA-EHA-12 Distribution: General Strategic Plan for Emergency Communicable Diseases Response to the Tsunami Disaster WHO Project: ICP CSR 001 New Delhi World Health Organization, August 2005
More informationHUMANITARIAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (HIP) EMERGENCY TOOLBOX
Ref. Ares(2017)5917758-04/12/2017 HUMANITARIAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (HIP) EMERGENCY TOOLBOX The activities proposed hereafter are still subject to the adoption of the financing decision ECHO/WWD/BUD/2018/01000
More informationHUMANITARIAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (HIP) EMERGENCY TOOLBOX AMOUNT: EUR MAJOR CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS VERSION OF THE HIP
Ref. Ares(2018)3291284-21/06/2018 HUMANITARIAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (HIP) EMERGENCY TOOLBOX AMOUNT: EUR 18 000 000 The present Humanitarian Implementation Plan (HIP) was prepared on the basis of the financing
More informationRapid Health Assessment Form Iran Earthquake 27 December 2003
World Health Organization Rapid Health Assessment Form Iran Earthquake 27 December 2003 Summary of findings and conclusions: The earthquake that struck Bam on December 26, 2003 has killed at least 15,000
More informationGlobal Update. Reducing Mortality From Major Childhood Killer Diseases. infant feeding, including exclusive breastfeeding.
INDIAN PEDIATRICS VOLUME 35-FEBRUARY 1998 Global Update Reducing Mortality From Major Childhood Killer Diseases Seven out of 10 childhood deaths in developing countries can be attributed to just five main
More informationMedia Briefing Notes UN Palais press corps, Geneva. Mortality Projections for Darfur 15 October 2004
Media Briefing Notes UN Palais press corps, Geneva Mortality Projections for Darfur 15 October 24 Presented by David Nabarro Representative of the World Health Organization Director-General Health Action
More informationPublic Health & Disasters. Handoyo Pramusinto
Public Health & Disasters Handoyo Pramusinto Morbidity from disaster Injuries Emotional stress Epidemic of disease Increase in indigenous diseases Effects of Disaster Health Problems Common to
More informationNuclear Plant Emergency Response. NPP Function and Malfunction: Historical Overview. Why is this training program important to you?
Nuclear Plant Emergency Response NPP Function and Malfunction: Historical Overview Module 1 Why is this training program important to you? The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) crisis impacted
More informationAddressing climate change driven health challenges in Africa
Addressing climate change driven health challenges in Africa Ednah N Ototo, Parasitologist, Climate Change and Health Kenyatta University, Kenya Kenya Medical Research Institute Outline The impact of climate
More informationSo just how concerned about radiation poisoning should you be? Everyday Health took your top questions to experts for answers.
Page 1 of 5 Print Close 7 Questions About the Japan Radiation Scare The radiation from Japan's power plants has everyone worried about the potential worldwide health impact. Here, top nuclear energy and
More informationMedical and Health Surveillance in Post-Accident Recovery: Lessons learned in Fukushima
ICRP, 4 th International Symposium on the System of Radiological Protection October 10-12 2017, Paris, France Medical and Health Surveillance in Post-Accident Recovery: Lessons learned in Fukushima Koichi
More informationVIRAL HEPATITIS: SITUATION ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE AFRICAN REGION. Report of the Secretariat. CONTENTS Paragraphs BACKGROUND...
8 April 2014 REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR AFRICA ORIGINAL: ENGLISH PROGRAMME SUBCOMMITTEE Sixty-fourth session Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, 9 11 June 2014 Provisional agenda item 6 VIRAL HEPATITIS: SITUATION
More informationustainable Development Goals
26 April 2018 ustainable Development Goals Peter Okoth enya Pediatric Association Conference 3-27 April 2018 ombasa, Kenya UNICEF/UNI197921/Schermbrucker MDG Global Achievements: The Benefits of Global
More informationHIGHLIGHTS IN NEED (HEALTH) DISPLACED INTERNALLY 187, 126 DISPLACED EXTERNALLY >20,000 DEATHS 14, 800,000 AFFECTED
Situation report # 4 06 SEPTEMBER TO 12 SEPTEMBER, 2016 NIGERIAN CONFLICT - Armed conflict in the Northeast. 14, 800,000 AFFECTED WHO 2 230 000 DISPLACED INTERNALLY 06 EMERGENCY STAFF IN THE COUNTRY MEDICINES
More informationVIRAL HEPATITIS: SITUATION ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE AFRICAN REGION. Report of the Secretariat. CONTENTS Paragraphs BACKGROUND...
5 November 2014 REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR AFRICA ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Sixty-fourth session Cotonou, Republic of Benin, 3 7 November 2014 Provisional agenda item 11 VIRAL HEPATITIS: SITUATION ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES
More informationJOINT STATEMENT OF ASEAN PLUS THREE HEALTH MINISTERS SPECIAL MEETING ON EBOLA PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Bangkok, Thailand, 15 December 2014
JOINT STATEMENT OF ASEAN PLUS THREE HEALTH MINISTERS SPECIAL MEETING ON EBOLA PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Bangkok, Thailand, 15 December 2014 We, the Health Ministers of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia,
More informationIntroduction to Measles a Priority Vaccine Preventable Disease (VPD) in Africa
Introduction to Measles a Priority Vaccine Preventable Disease (VPD) in Africa Nigeria Center for Disease Control Federal Ministry of Health Abuja July 2015 Outline 1. Measles disease 2. Progress towards
More informationNuclear Weapons: The Final Pandemic Preventing Proliferation and Achieving Abolition London, October
Nuclear Weapons: The Final Pandemic Preventing Proliferation and Achieving Abolition London, October 3-4 2007 Sponsored by The Catastrophes and Conflict Forum, Royal Society of Medicine And International
More informationHospital Response to Natural Disasters : form Tsunami to Hurricane Katrina
Hospital Response to Natural Disasters : form Tsunami to Hurricane Katrina Dr. WL Cheung Director Professional services & Operations Hospital Authority The Affected Tsunami Areas 2004 Tsunami 2004 Tsunami
More informationINTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
SPEECH AT FUKUSHIMA MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR SAFETY KORIYAMA CITY, FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE JAPAN 15 DECEMBER 2012 Yukiya Amano Director General INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY Mr President, Excellencies,
More informationDIARRHEAL DISEASE MESSAGING
DEFEATDD.ORG DIARRHEAL DISEASE MESSAGING PATH developed these messages for use by anyone interested in communicating the impact of diarrhea on the health and development of children and families around
More informationToyako Framework for Action on Global Health - Report of the G8 Health Experts Group -
Toyako Framework for Action on Global Health - Report of the G8 Health Experts Group - 8 July 2008 This report is the recommendation from the G8 Health Experts Group to the G8 leaders. I Introduction 1.
More informationTechnical Note. 13 January 2016
Technical Note Evidence of the risks and benefits of vaccinating pregnant women with WHO pre-qualified cholera vaccines during mass campaigns 13 January 2016 Background Two oral cholera vaccines (OCVs)
More informationCredit: OCHA/Abdoulaye Hamani. 345 meningitis cases registered. 2,041 measles cases registered
Niger: Humanitarian Bulletin March 2015 HIGHLIGHTS: Two health districts are affected by a meningitis epidemic; 11 are affected by measles. 44 per cent of households interviewed in Diffa during February
More informationHIDDEN AFTERSHOCKS. Report. Summary
HIDDEN AFTERSHOCKS Summary Report An Assessment of the Mental Health and Psychosocial Status and Needs of Earthquake-Affected Communities in Rasuwa, Nuwakot, and Makwanpur Districts Conducted by With the
More informationUCLA Nutrition Noteworthy
UCLA Nutrition Noteworthy Title The Epidemiology of Malnutrition in Disasters Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7799v282 Journal Nutrition Noteworthy, 2(1) ISSN 1556-1895 Author Coil, Clinton
More informationEmerging Infectious Disease Threats. Margaret A. Hamburg M.D. Foreign Secretary, U.S. National Academy of Medicine
Emerging Infectious Disease Threats Margaret A. Hamburg M.D. Foreign Secretary, U.S. National Academy of Medicine Plagues and History Leading causes of global deaths from infectious diseases Infectious
More informationHow to talk about typhoid: menu of messages
How to talk about typhoid: menu of messages PATH/Rocky Prajapati The more we talk about typhoid, the better we ll be able to prioritize it. These messages were developed for use by anyone interested in
More informationLessons learnt by IRSN about the involvement of experts towards the population in contaminated areas in Fukushima Prefecture
Lessons learnt by IRSN about the involvement of experts towards the population in contaminated areas in Fukushima Prefecture F. Rollinger a, J. Lochard b, T. Schneider b a IRSN, 31 avenue de la Division
More informationCommunicable Disease Surveillance and Response
Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Under the stewardship of the Ministry of Health, the Central Epidemiology Unit (CEU), being the National Focal Point for the Communicable Disease Surveillance
More informationMika Shimizu, Ph.D. Visiting Scholar, East West Center & Abe Fellow
Mika Shimizu, Ph.D. Visiting Scholar, East West Center & Abe Fellow 1 Introduction Security threats today visible threats vs. invisible/unpredictable threats Accelerated globalization and plethora of disasters
More informationContent. Introduction. Overview of reported outbreaks in WHO African Region. Disease Surveillance and Response. Vol. 2 Issue 6, 13 September 2012
Vol. 2 Issue 6, 13 September 2012 Content Introduction Overview of reported outbreaks in the WHO African Region Cholera Ongoing outbreaks Cholera in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia Cholera in DR Congo
More informationA 25 year retrospective review of the psychological consequences of the chernobyl accident.
資料 3-2 Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2011 May;23(4):297-305. Epub 2011 Feb 16. A 25 year retrospective review of the psychological consequences of the chernobyl accident. Bromet EJ, Havenaar JM, Guey LT.
More informationYes I Can Site Report: The Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Hiroshima Report by Shari Yasin, McMaster University
Yes I Can Site Report: The Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Hiroshima Report by Shari Yasin, McMaster University 1. How did the RERF start? The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC), the predecessor
More informationWater, Sanitation and Health in Alaska: A brief review of the evidence
Water, Sanitation and Health in Alaska: A brief review of the evidence Tom Hennessy, MD, MPH US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Arctic Investigations Program Anchorage, Alaska thennessy@cdc.gov
More informationGlobal Health. Transitions. Packet #1 Chapter #1
Global Health Transitions Packet #1 Chapter #1 Tuesday, January 8, 2019 Check Points KWHLAQ 2 Defining Global Health 1.1 Tuesday, January 8, 2019 Entry Checkpoint #1 KWHLAQ Topic :-Defining Global Health
More informationHUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS. Bahar Yetiş Kara
HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS Bahar Yetiş Kara Context Natural and Man-Made Disaster Ongoing Problems: Food, water, shelter...essential components of life Humanitarian Logistics Relief logistics Development logistics
More informationSomalia Drought Response Reporting period (1 st January 2018 to 28 th February 2018)
HEALTH CLUSTER BULLETIN # 01 January - February 2018 Somalia Drought Response Reporting period (1 st January 2018 to 28 th February 2018) 12.3M POPULATION 6.2M PEOPLE IN NEED HIGHLIGHTS In 2018, humanitarian
More informationFukushima Emergency Planning Zones, Use of Potassium Iodide, Health Effects
Fukushima Emergency Planning Zones, Use of Potassium Iodide, Health Effects Patricia A. Milligan, CHP Senior Technical Advisor Division of Preparedness & Response Office of Nuclear Security and Incident
More informationExperiences with pre-emptive cholera vaccination in emergency situations
Experiences with pre-emptive cholera vaccination in emergency situations Meeting on integrating vaccines into global cholera control efforts Les Pensières, Veyrier du Lac, France 14-17.04.2009 Dr Claire-Lise
More informationModule 2 - Public Health Preparedness
Module 2 - Public Health Preparedness Objectives Define a public health emergency List examples of types of public health events and emergencies Overview Protecting the public from health threats involves
More informationGood Health & Well-Being. By Alexandra Russo
Good Health & Well-Being By Alexandra Russo SDG 3 Goal 3 aims to ensure healthy living and promote well-being for all at all ages There are 9 targets associated with SDG 3 The targets encompass a wide
More informationNO MORE MISSED MDG4 OPPORTUNITIES: OPTIMIZING EXISTING HEALTH PLATFORMS FOR CHILD SURVIVAL. Measles & Rubella Campaigns
NO MORE MISSED MDG4 OPPORTUNITIES: OPTIMIZING EXISTING HEALTH PLATFORMS FOR CHILD SURVIVAL Measles & Rubella Campaigns With fewer than 600 days remaining to the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) deadline,
More informationSocial impacts induced by radiation risk in Fukushima
Social impacts induced by radiation risk in Fukushima Takehiko Murayama, PhD Department of Environmental Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology e-mail: murayama.t.ac@m.titech.ac.jp ABSTRACT
More informationMedia centre Statement on the 7th IHR Emergency Committee meeting regarding the international spread of poliovirus
Media centre Statement on the 7th IHR Emergency Committee meeting regarding the international spread of poliovirus WHO statement 26 November The 7th meeting of the Emergency Committee under the International
More informationREGIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR CHOLERA PREVENTION AND CONTROL, Report of the Secretariat
12 June 2018 REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR AFRICA ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Sixty-eighth session Dakar, Republic of Senegal, 27 31 August 2018 Provisional agenda item 10 REGIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
More informationPuerto Rico Prevention Leaders Take Action in Response to Hurricane Disaster
Puerto Rico Prevention Leaders Take Action in Response to Hurricane Disaster On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico, causing massive destruction. The Category 4 storm tore across the
More informationMSF report November A preventable fate: The failure of ART scale-up in Myanmar
MSF report November 2008 A preventable fate: The failure of ART scale-up in Myanmar Executive Summary The situation for many people living with HIV in Myanmar is critical due to a severe lack of lifesaving
More informationTHE GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY AGENDA. We have to change our mindsets and start thinking about biological threats as the security threats that they are.
THE GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY AGENDA We have to change our mindsets and start thinking about biological threats as the security threats that they are. President Barack Obama September 26, 2014 1 Global Health
More informationGender and Humanitarian Crisis. Oxfam photo Geoff Sayar, Uganda Oxfam photo Anisa Draboo, India Oxfam photo Rajendra Shaw, India
Gender and Humanitarian Crisis Oxfam photo Geoff Sayar, Uganda Oxfam photo Anisa Draboo, India Oxfam photo Rajendra Shaw, India Impacts on Women and Girls Wars, natural disasters and related crisis situations
More informationA C T I O N T O A D D R E S S P N E U M O N I A A N D D I A R R H O E A
A C T I O N T O A D D R E S S P N E U M O N I A A N D D I A R R H O E A Integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea: Frequently Asked Questions Document for
More informationPart I. Health-related Millennium Development Goals
11 1111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111 213 Part I Health-related
More information#TEAM45. Fundraising Guide
#TEAM45 Fundraising Guide Action Against Hunger USA One Whitehall Street, 2nd Floor New York, NY 10004 212.967.7800 info@actionagainsthunger.org www.actionagainsthunger.org WELCOME TO #TEAM45! Thank you
More informationExposure and current health issues in Minamisoma
Exposure and current health issues in Minamisoma M. Tsubokura Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 2-54-6 Takamicho, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan; e-mail: tsubokura-tky@umin.ac.jp
More informationAOHS Global Health. Unit 1, Lesson 3. Communicable Disease
AOHS Global Health Unit 1, Lesson 3 Communicable Disease Copyright 2012 2016 NAF. All rights reserved. A communicable disease is passed from one infected person to another The range of communicable diseases
More informationHajo Zeeb Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS, Bremen, Germany. Noboru Takamura Nagasaki University, Japan
Hajo Zeeb Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS, Bremen, Germany Noboru Takamura Nagasaki University, Japan WSDN Congress 2018, Bremen Accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear power
More informationPreparing for the Unexpected
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Preparedness and Response Preparing for the Unexpected Stephen C. Redd, MD Rear Admiral, US Public Health Service Director, Center for Preparedness
More informationWHO's response to the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident
WHO's response to the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident Dr E. van Deventer Radiation Programme Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health 1 Outline WHO's mandate Early response
More informationDeveloping a Disaster Mindset: Myths & Stereotypes of Disasters. John H. Armstrong, MD, FACS University of Florida, Gainesville
National Emergency Management Summit The Medical Disaster Planning & Response Process Developing a Disaster Mindset: Myths & Committed to excellence in trauma care Stereotypes of Disasters John H. Armstrong,
More informationCÔTE D IVOIRE: YELLOW FEVER IN ABIDJAN
CÔTE D IVOIRE: YELLOW FEVER IN ABIDJAN This Ops Update is intended for reporting on emergency appeals. Appeal No. 30/01 Launched on: 18 September 2001 for 2 weeks for CHF 278,652 DREF Allocated: CHF 50,000
More informationSeminar on Human Security and Health. Remarks by Ms. Purnima Mane Deputy Executive Director (Programme) UNFPA
Check against Delivery Seminar on Human Security and Health Remarks by Ms. Purnima Mane Deputy Executive Director (Programme) UNFPA Panel Discussion: Added Value of Human Security Approaches to Health
More informationEstablishing an early warning alert and response network following the 2013 Solomon Islands tsunami
Augustine Bilve et al. Solomon Islands post-disaster EWARN This online first version has been peer-reviewed, accepted and edited, but not formatted and finalized with corrections from authors and proofreaders.
More informationEBOLA VIRUS DISEASE. Democratic Republic of Congo. External Situation Report 1. Credit : B.Sensasi / WHO Uganda-2007
EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE Democratic Republic of Congo Credit : B.Sensasi / WHO Uganda-2007 External Situation Report 1 1 Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE Democratic Republic
More informationCerebral malaria in children
Cerebral malaria in children M. Chiara Stefanini Catholic University - Rome Malaria: epidemiology Global distribution of malaria transmission risk,, 2003 World malaria report, WHO, 2005 Estimated incidence
More informationMalcolm Crick, Secretary of UNSCEAR
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation The UNSCEAR Assessment of the Levels and Effects of Radiation Exposure due to the Nuclear Accident after the 2011 Great East- Japan
More informationCommunicable Disease Control in Complex Emergencies
Communicable Disease Control in Complex Emergencies Magnitude of the problem Communicable diseases are the major killers in complex emergencies. Death rates among refugees and displaced persons over 60
More information4.3.9 Pandemic Disease
4.3.9 Pandemic Disease This section describes the location and extent, range of magnitude, past occurrence, future occurrence, and vulnerability assessment for the pandemic disease hazard for Armstrong
More information11 Indicators on Thai Health and the Sustainable Development Goals
11 11 Indicators on Thai Health and the Sustainable Development Goals 11 Indicators on Thai Health and the Sustainable Development Goals The Post -2015 Development Agenda began upon completion of the monitoring
More informationAn Open Letter To IAEA
An Open Letter To IAEA Exposure to Low Level of Radiation Research Group Citizen Science Initiative Japan (CSIJ) 3-1-1 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku P.O.BOX 113-0022 Tokyo, Japan 22 February 2016 Yukiya Amano Director
More informationBOSTWANA KEY. Controlling the Pandemic: Public Health Focus
BOSTWANA KEY Controlling the Pandemic: Public Health Focus Just 25 years since it was first reported, HIV/AIDS has become one of the world s greatest public health crises. More than 39 million people worldwide
More informationSudan. Health Sector Needs Assessment
Sudan Health Sector Needs Assessment Th e health situation across Sudan remains fragile, with high risks of disease, low access to drinking water, poor sanitation and low literacy rates. Environmental
More informationPrime News. Why Prime News? `A Humbling Moment
TSUNAMI & HEALTH IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA MEDIA By Naveen Surapaneni CMS Media Lab naveen@cmsindia.org Phuket, Thailand 4 6 May 2005 Prime News Why Prime News? No other regional natural calamity in recent past
More informationTranscript of Interview with WHO Director of Public Health and Environment, Dr Maria Neira, 5 th November 2013
Transcript of Interview with WHO Director of Public Health and Environment, Dr Maria Neira, 5 th November 2013 Time Text / Audio 00 00 An interview with Dr. Maria Neira Director, Public Health and Environment
More informationEvaluation of the Kajiado Nutrition Programme in Kenya. May By Lee Crawfurd and Serufuse Sekidde
Evaluation of the Kajiado Nutrition Programme in Kenya May 2012 By Lee Crawfurd and Serufuse Sekidde 1 2 Executive Summary This end-term evaluation assesses the performance of Concern Worldwide s Emergency
More informationOUR RECOMMENDED INDIVIDUAL S STRATEGY
Chapter Four CONCLUSIONS OUR RECOMMENDED INDIVIDUAL S STRATEGY Our recommended strategy involves actions that individuals can take that can save lives, even in catastrophic terrorist attacks. This can
More informationCountries initially targeted: Bangladesh, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Lao People s Demoncratic Republic and Pakistan.
PUI PROJECT PROPOSAL ON BUILDING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ANIMAL DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITIES OF VETERINARY LABORATORIES IN ASIA BY TRANSFER OF NUCLEAR AND NUCLEAR RELATED TECHNIQUES: A REGIONAL APPROACH FOR
More informationGrade 12 Geography World Issues Unit 3 Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs
Grade 12 Geography World Issues Unit 3 Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs was developed in 1943 by Abraham Maslow to explain human need. It is a very practical and easy to understand
More informationCOSTA RICA KEY. Public health is the study of how diseases spread in a population and the measures used to control them.
COSTA RICA KEY Controlling the Pandemic: Public Health Focus Just 25 years since it was first reported, HIV/AIDS has become one of the world s greatest public health crises. More than 39 million people
More informationModule 4: Emergencies: Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Recovery
Module 4: Emergencies: Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Recovery Part 1: Introduction and Prevention Tamar: Hello, my name is Tamar Klaiman. I'm an Assistant Professor at the University of the Sciences
More informationSEA-FHR-1. Life-Course. Promoting Health throughout the. Department of Family Health and Research Regional Office for South-East Asia
SEA-FHR-1 Promoting Health throughout the Life-Course Department of Family Health and Research Regional Office for South-East Asia the health and development of neonates, children and adolescents
More informationHunger in the United States
Hunger Hunger in the U.S. Estimated 48 million people live in poverty Major cause of hunger in the US is lack of financial resources/poverty Causes include: physical and mental illness, job loss, alcohol,
More informationHealth TALK. Heart smart. Plan to quit. Know your cholesterol numbers.
Health TALK FALL 2018 VOLTEE PARA ESPAÑOL! Plan to quit. Every November, the Great American Smokeout asks everyone to quit smoking. You can quit for just that one day, or it could be the fi rst day of
More informationTechnical matters: Viral hepatitis
REGIONAL COMMITTEE Provisional Agenda item 8.6 Sixty-seventh Session SEA/RC67/29 Dhaka, Bangladesh 9 12 September 2014 28 July 2014 Technical matters: Viral hepatitis Viral hepatitis is a serious public
More informationCommunity mobilization in major emergencies
COMMUNITY TOOLS Tool 1 Community mobilization in major emergencies Response: What do you see in these pictures? Disasters that can affect a community such as earthquakes or floods. What are some other
More informationFISCAL YEAR 2020 APPROPRIATIONS REQUESTS (updated ) USAID Global Health Programs (GHP) and State Department
FISCAL YEAR 2020 APPROPRIATIONS REQUESTS (updated 2.13.19) Contact: Brian Massa, Senior Manager for Global Health Advocacy, Shot@Life (bmassa@unfoundation.org) USAID Global Health Programs (GHP) and State
More informationCreating and Maintaining a Safe and Comfortable Home
Creating and Maintaining a Safe and Comfortable Home Crisis Prevention and Management Training for Limited Mental Health Assisted Living Facility Staff Program Manager and Trainer MARGO FLEISHER Acknowledgements
More informationNeurobiology of Sexual Assault Trauma: Supportive Conversations with Victims
Neurobiology of Sexual Assault Trauma: Supportive Conversations with Victims Jim Hopper, Ph.D. November 2017 Handout 1: Using Neurobiology of Trauma Concepts to Validate, Reassure, and Support Note: In
More informationUNICEF s Response to the Ebola Crisis. Presenta(on to the Execu(ve Board, Informal Session, 11 September 2014
UNICEF s Response to the Ebola Crisis Presenta(on to the Execu(ve Board, Informal Session, 11 September 2014 Overview Over 2,200+ deaths and over 4,200 confirmed / probable cases in Guinea, Sierra Leone,
More information2017 PROGRESS REPORT on the Every Woman Every Child Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents Health
PROGRESS IN PARTNERSHIP 2017 PROGRESS REPORT on the Every Woman Every Child Global Strategy for Women s, Children s and Adolescents Health EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Globally, the health and well-being of women,
More informationAIDS and food insecurity: New variant famine in Malawi?
AIDS and food insecurity: New variant famine in Malawi? E. Robson 1,2, N. Ansell 3, L. van Blerk 4, L. Chipeta 5, F. Hadju 6 1 Research Fellow, Centre for Social Research, Chancellor College, University
More informationPRE TEST. Module I. Module II.
PRE TEST Module I. 1. Which of the following is a key factor in the definition of a situation as a disaster? a. Event involving some kind of trauma to vulnerable populations not having the capacity to
More informationInfluenza Virus: Evolution of a Deadly Virus in our World
Influenza Virus: Evolution of a Deadly Virus in our World Cathy M. St. Pierre, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC, FAANP ENRM. VA HOSPITAL Bedford, Massachusetts, USA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT THIS AUTHOR WOULD LIKE TO GRATEFULLY
More informationHumanitarian Initiative to Prepare for a Pandemic Influenza Emergency (HIPPIE) Ron Waldman, MD Avian and Pandemic Influenza Unit USAID/Washington
Humanitarian Initiative to Prepare for a Pandemic Influenza Emergency (HIPPIE) Ron Waldman, MD Avian and Pandemic Influenza Unit USAID/Washington Objectives of Presentation Review current status of avian
More information4.0 Prevention of Infection Vaccines
4.0 Prevention of Infection Vaccines National Curriculum Link Key Stage 3 Sc1:1a - 1c. 2a 2p Sc2: 2n, 5c, 5d Unit of Study Unit 8: Microbes and Disease Unit 9B: Fit and Healthy Unit 20: 20 th Century Medicine
More information