Bacteria and Viruses. Chapter 20 Biology II
|
|
- Shannon Mason
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Bacteria and Viruses Chapter 20 Biology II
2 3 Domains of Living Organisms
3 Section 1 - Bacteria Prokaryotes Oldest living things on Earth Date back 3.5 mya Single-celled organisms No membrane bound organelles 3 shapes Rod bacillus Sphere coccus Spiral spirillum Divided into 2 main groups.. (both referred to as bacteria) Domain Archaea Domain Bacteria
4 **Bacterial Cell Shapes 3 basic shapes Bacillus (rod-shaped) Coccus (round-shaped) Spirillum (sprial)
5 ARCHAEA Archaea & Bacteria Found in many places Mostly extreme environments Structurally different from bacteria BACTERIA Can be found everywhere One square inch of skin hosts 100,000 bacteria
6 Bacterial Structure Have genetic material (DNA) A single chromosome clustered in a mass called a nucleoid Often have small extra loops of DNA called plasmids Have ribosomes Enzymes Can also form granules of stored nutrients to be used when in short supply
7 Bacterial Structure, cont. Membrane lipid bilayers Rigid cell walls Can be 1 or 2 layers thick Cell wall made of a protein-carbohydrate compound called peptidoglycan May also have a membrane covering peptidoglycan layer Presence of membrane allows us to group them using technique called Gram stain Gram positive - have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and NO outer membrane Gram negative have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and have an outer membrane
8 Bacteria Structure
9 Gram-Positive Bacteria Gram stain involves two colors of dye First dye is dark purple Gram-positive dye trap the dark purple because peptidoglycan layer is very thick Second dye is pink Pink is absorbed, but cannot be seen because purple dye is much darker Appear PURPLE after staining
10 Gram-negative Bacteria Thin peptidoglycan layer does not trap purple dye When pink dye is added, it is absorbed Appear pink after staining Out membrane of Gram-negative bacteria make them more resistant to host defenses and to medicines
11 Gram-Staining
12 Obtaining Energy and Nutrients Bacteria differ in how they obtain energy and nutrients They are typically grouped based on how they obtain energy *Photoautotrophs *Chemoautotrophs *Heterotrophs EACH WILL BE DISCUSSED INDIVIDUALLY
13 Photoautotrophs Significant fraction of world s photosynthesis carried out by bacteria Get their energy from sunlight through photosynthesis Four major groups based on pigment: Purple nonsulfur bacteria Purple sulfur bacteria Oxygen free environment Green sulfur bacteria Oxygen free environment Cyanobacteria Major component of plankton that float in oceans Produce great deal of oxygen Probably formed Earth s oxygen atmosphere
14 Chemoautotrophs Only organisms to obtain energy from inorganic sources Use molecules that contain sulfur or nitrogen Some that live in soil play great role in agriculture Nitrification oxidize ammonia into nitrate Commonly used by plants
15 Heterotrophs Most bacteria are heterotrophs Together with fungi, heterotrophic bacteria are the principal decomposers of the living world Many are aerobic live in presence of oxygen Some can live without Produce more than ½ of our antibiotics - Streptomyces Some can create poison in food Staphylococcus Nitrogen-fixing Rhiozbium Live within lumps on the roots of legumes Farmers rotate crops every few years with a legume to replenish soil with nitrogen
16 *Reproduction and Adaptation Reproduce by binary fission Exchange genetic material through conjugation, transformation, and transduction Survive harsh conditions by forming endospores
17 Binary Fission Usually asexually via binary fission Single cell divides into two identical new cells Mutation do occur during prokaryotic reproduction New forms emerge frequently Paramecium.
18 Genetic Recombination Conjugation Occurs when two bacteria exchange genetic material Transformation Occurs when bacteria take up DNA fragments from their environment Transduction Occurs when genetic material, such as a plasmid, is transferred by a virus Plasmids often convey antibiotic resistance
19 Conjugation
20 Endospores Form thick-walls around bacterial chromosomes and cytoplasm in harsh conditions Can survive MAJOR stress (boiling, radiation, and acid) Allow bacteria to germinate YEARS after they were formed END 20.1
21 Section 2 Viruses **All living things: Are made of cells Are able to grow and reproduce Guided by DNA Smallest living organisms = prokaryotes Viruses are segments of nucleic acids contained in a protein coat Smaller than prokaryotes Must be viewed with electron microscope
22 Viruses, cont. Viruses are pathogens cause disease Replicate by infecting cells and using the cells to make more viruses DO NOT have all the properties of life Do not grow Do not have homeostasis Do not metabolize =NOT alive
23 Viral Structure All viruses have nucleic acid and a capsid Some have an envelope or tail fibers
24 Nucleic Acids Protein coat, or capsid may contain either RNA or DNA, but not both DNA viruses warts, chickenpox, mononucleosis Makes copies by using the host cells enzymes and nucleotides RNA viruses HIV, influenza, and rabies Viral RNA may be used to directly make more Can also be transcribed into DNA and then inserted into host cell s DNA
25 Capsid Encloses its genetic material Proteins on the host cell recognize and have to match proteins on the capsid of a virus Like lock and key Made from proteins
26 Envelope Many viruses, like HIV, have a membrane, or envelope surrounding the capsid Gives virus overall shape Made of proteins, lipids, and glycoproteins Glycoproteins proteins with attached carbohydrate molecules
27 Tail Fibers Bacteriophages viruses that infect bacteria Complicated structure.. Ex T2 has a capsid attached to a tail with tail fibers Act like a tiny syringe» Inject the viral DNA into bacterial host
28 Viral Reproduction Rely on living cells (host cells) for replication **Can replicate by two different processes **lytic life cycle **lysogenic cycle
29 Lytic Cycle Lytic cycle cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction Viral DNA stays separate from hosts DNA After viral genes enter cell, they use host cells to: uses host cells organelles, enzymes, and raw materials to replicate viruses DNA and to make viral proteins Proteins are then assembled to form complete viruses Host cell is broken open and releases newly made viruses Called virulent viruses
30 Lysogenic Cycle Some viruses stay inside the cell during an infection and do NOT make new viruses Viral gene is inserted into host cell chromosomes, which is called provirus When the cell divides, the provirus also divides results in two infected host cells In this cycle, the viral genome replicates without destroying the host cell. Changes in environment can cause virus to begin lytic cycle, results in cell destruction Called a temperate virus
31 Lytic vs. Lysogenic Virus Replication
32 Stop 20.2 Viroids and Prions Emerging diseases caused by nonliving particles Can reproduce and cause disease Viroids single strand of RNA (has no capsid) Can replicate inside a host s cell to make new viroids Disrupt a cell s regulation of growth Cause abnormal development in plants Prions misshapen versions of proteins found in the brain Attach to normal proteins and cause them to take on the shape of the protein Misfolding leads to chain reaction and destroys brain function Ex Creutzfeld-Jakob in humans and mad cow disease Transmitted by eating food contaminated with infected brain tissue
33 Section 3 Bacteria, Viruses, and Humans Not all bacteria and viruses are bad Play important roles in environment and industry Produce oxygen, make nitrogen available, help decompose dead organisms Foods (pickles, soy sauce, sourdough bread, yogurt) Used in cleaning up oil spills and in sewage treatment plants Impact humans in many ways Genetic research Viruses used in gene therapy
34 Koch s Postulates and Disease Transmission Koch developed a technique for diagnosing cause of infection Still used today to identify pathogens Koch s postulates: Step 1 find and isolate the pathogen Step 2 grow the pathogen Step 3 infecting a healthy animals Step 4 isolating the same pathogen Transmission Person to person (kissing, animal and insect bites), air, in contaminated food or water, utensils (toothbrushes, computer keyboards, kitchen sponges, and doorknobs.
35
36 Bacterial Diseases Pathology scientific study of disease Cause disease in 2 ways Produce toxins (most common) Food poisoning Destroy body tissues Produce enzymes that break down the host s tissues into nutrients the bacteria can use
37 Important Bacterial Disease
38 Antibiotics Chemicals that inhibit the growth of or kill microorganisms Development of Resistance The ability of bacteria to tolerate antibiotics Mutations for resistance occur Antibiotic resistance spreads when sensitive populations of bacteria are killed by antibiotics Causes resistant bacteria to thrive Consequences of Resistance Must constantly switch antibiotics to decrease resistance Fear that bacterial diseases will eventually become impossible to cure
39 ****Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Susceptible bacteria are eliminated from the population, and resistant bacteria survive and reproduce, thus passing on their resistance traits Antibiotic Misuse If full course of antibiotic if administered, usually all targeted bacteria are killed = no chance for resistant strain to develop If treatment ends prematurely, some can survive ALWAYS TAKE THE FULL DOSAGE OF ANTIBIOTICS Multiple antibiotic resistance Patient is being treated with 2 or more antibiotics at once Selects for bacteria that have already acquired antibiotic resistant genes Antibacterial soap routine use may favor resistance to antibacterial agents in soap Could reduce ability to treat common bacterial infections
40 Stop and Think 1. Describe the beneficial roles of bacteria and viruses in the environment, industry and research. 2. List the four steps in Koch s postulates. 3. Explain two ways that bacteria cause disease. 4.Describe how antibiotic resistance spreads.
41 Viral Diseases cause disease in bacteria, plants, and animals. enter host cells to reproduce difficult to develop a drug that kills the virus without harming the living host. can be transmitted by any action that brings virus particles into contact with a host cell. have been shown to cause some types of cancer. Hepatitis B (liver cancer) Epstein-Barr (Burkitt s lymphoma) Human papilloma virus (HPV) (cervical cancer)
42 Viral Diseases, cont. Many symptoms of a viral infection, such as aches and fever result from the body s response to infection. Many viral diseases can be prevented through vaccination. A vaccine is a weakened form of a pathogen that prepares the immune system to recognize and destroy the pathogen.
43 Viral Diseases
44 Emerging Viruses are newly recognized have spread to new areas or to a new host diseases that have reemerged when a disease that was once considered under control begins to spread **Examples Bird flu deadly to birds not humans SARS sudden acute respiratory syndrome Hanta virus rodents carry this Decline in vaccination thought to play role
45 Quick Quiz State if the following disease are caused by a bacteria or virus. Lyme disease Bacteria Measles Virus Stomach ulcers Bacteria Tetanus bacteria Avian Flu Virus AIDS virus Cervical cancer Virus Can all these diseases be cured by antibiotics? NO
46 Stop and Think 1. Explain why it is difficult to develop a cure for viral diseases. 2. Describe what an emerging disease is. Give an example. 3. If cold viruses invade your body your body s immune system may destroy most but not all of the these viruses. How does your body s immune system affect the evolution of the cold virus?
Chapter 20. Table of Contents. Section 1 Viruses. Section 2 Bacteria. Viruses and Bacteria
Viruses and Bacteria Table of Contents Section 1 Viruses Section 2 Bacteria Section 1 Viruses Objectives Describe why a virus is not considered a living organism. Describe the basic structure of a virus.
More informationNOTES KEY. Chapter 19 Bacteria (Biotic) and Viruses (Abiotic)
NOTES KEY Chapter 19 Bacteria (Biotic) and Viruses (Abiotic) BACTERIA - PROKARYOTES Page 471 Definition: Single celled organisms that lack a nucleus, the DNA is free floating in the cytoplasm Classifying
More informationChapter 18. Viral Genetics. AP Biology
Chapter 18. Viral Genetics 2003-2004 1 A sense of size Comparing eukaryote bacterium virus 2 What is a virus? Is it alive? DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein coat Viruses are not cells Extremely tiny electron
More informationBiodiversity: prokaryotes & viruses
Biodiversity: prokaryotes & viruses All three domains contain microscopic organisms. Focus now: Prokaryotes Prokaryotes in general Asexual, single-celled, no nucleus or organelles, circular DNA Can live
More informationMicrobiology. Microbiology
Microbiology Microbiology What are GERMS? What are GERMS? Microorganisms that make you sick (pathogens) There are many different types of microorganisms: Bacteria (strep throat, food poisoning like E.
More informationThe prokaryotic domains
Diversity of Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses Chapter 19 The prokaryotic domains Bacteria Three types of structure Spherical, rod-shaped, and spiral Archaea Many are extremophilic Prefer to live in very
More information1. Virus 2. Capsid 3. Envelope
VIRUSES BIOLOGY II VOCABULARY- VIRUSES (22 Words) 1. Virus 2. Capsid 3. Envelope 4. Provirus 5. Retrovirus 6. Reverse transcriptase 7. Bacteriophage 8. Lytic Cycle 9. Virulent 10. Lysis 11. Lysogenic Cycle
More informationChapter 21: Prokaryotes & Viruses
Chapter 21: Prokaryotes & Viruses Microorganisms Single-celled organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope Bacteria are the smallest living organisms Viruses are smaller but are not alive
More informationAP Biology. Viral diseases Polio. Chapter 18. Smallpox. Influenza: 1918 epidemic. Emerging viruses. A sense of size
Hepatitis Viral diseases Polio Chapter 18. Measles Viral Genetics Influenza: 1918 epidemic 30-40 million deaths world-wide Chicken pox Smallpox Eradicated in 1976 vaccinations ceased in 1980 at risk population?
More informationBacteria & Viruses. Biology Science Department
Bacteria & Viruses What do you already know? What are the differences between viruses and bacteria? Are all bacteria harmful? When you get a cold, should you take an antibiotic to help you get better?
More informationName Class Date. Infection in which a virus inserts its nucleic acid into the DNA of the host cell and is duplicated with the cell s DNA
Name Class Date 20.1 Viruses Lesson Objectives Explain how viruses reproduce. Explain how viruses cause infection. BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart below shows key terms from the lesson with their definitions.
More information1/29/2013. Viruses and Bacteria. Infectious Disease. Pathogens cause disease by: Chapters 16 and 17
Viruses and Bacteria Chapters 16 and 17 Infectious Disease Caused by the invasion of a host by agents whose activities harm the host s tissues Can be transmitted to others Pathogen microorganisms that
More informationChapter 19: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Chapter 19: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria What is Microbiology? Microbiology is the science that studies microorganisms = living things that are too small to be seen with the naked eye Microorganisms
More informationOverview: Chapter 19 Viruses: A Borrowed Life
Overview: Chapter 19 Viruses: A Borrowed Life Viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli Viruses lead a kind of borrowed life between
More informationSome living things are made of ONE cell, and are called. Other organisms are composed of many cells, and are called. (SEE PAGE 6)
Section: 1.1 Question of the Day: Name: Review of Old Information: N/A New Information: We tend to only think of animals as living. However, there is a great diversity of organisms that we consider living
More informationStarting with MICROBIOLOGY
Starting with MICROBIOLOGY Micro means very small and biology is the study of living things. Microbes are the oldest form of life on Earth. They've been here for 3.8 billion years! Microbes live everywhere.
More information21.4 Prokaryotes Enduring, Abundant, and Diverse
Chapter 21 21.4 Prokaryotes Enduring, Abundant, and Diverse Prokaryotes Structurally simple cells that lack a nucleus Evolved before eukaryotes Abundance and Metabolic Diversity Prokaryotes are Earth s
More informationBacteria to Plants: Chapter 2: Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide
Name: Class: Date: Bacteria to Plants: Chapter 2: Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Please use
More information18.2 Viruses and Prions
KEY CONCEPT Infections can be caused in several ways. Viruses, bacteria, viroids, and prions can all cause infection. Any disease-causing agent is called a pathogen. 1 nanometer (nm) = one billionth of
More informationViruses 101., and concluded that living organisms do not crystallize. In other words,.
Viruses 101 In 1897, Dutch scientist called tiny particles in the liquid extracted from a plant disease, which is the Latin word for. In 1935, American biochemist isolated crystals of, and concluded that
More informationBacteria. Bacteria and Archaea are both: unicelluar (single-celled) prokaryotes (lacking a nucleus and membrane bound organelles)
Bacteria Bacteria and Archaea are both: unicelluar (single-celled) prokaryotes (lacking a nucleus and membrane bound organelles) 1 Grouped by their need for oxygen obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen
More informationUnit 13.2: Viruses. Vocabulary capsid latency vaccine virion
Unit 13.2: Viruses Lesson Objectives Describe the structure of viruses. Outline the discovery and origins of viruses. Explain how viruses replicate. Explain how viruses cause human disease. Describe how
More informationInfectious Diseases through Viruses. Obj. 3.c. & 3.g.
Infectious Diseases through Viruses Obj. 3.c. & 3.g. Diseases Caused By Cells A disease is a condition that stops the body from functioning normally. Non-infectious diseases are not spread from person
More informationBiology. Chapter 19. Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr. Cengage Learning 2015
Biology Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Chapter 19 Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea 19.1 What Are Viruses? Viruses: noncellular infectious agents Consists of a protein coat around a core of
More informationSECTION 25-1 REVIEW STRUCTURE. 1. The diameter of viruses ranges from about a. 1 to 2 nm. b. 20 to 250 nm. c. 1 to 2 µm. d. 20 to 250 µm.
SECTION 25-1 REVIEW STRUCTURE VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. virus 2. capsid 3. retrovirus 4. viroid 5. prion MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. The diameter of
More informationObjective 3 Viruses & Bacteria genetic material capsule Pili DNA
Objective 3 Viruses & Bacteria 1. Compare the structure and functions of viruses to cells and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases and conditions such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome,
More information19/06/2013. Viruses are not organisms (do not belong to any kingdom). Viruses are not made of cells, have no cytoplasm, and no membranes.
VIRUSES Many diseases of plants and animals are caused by bacteria or viruses that invade the body. Bacteria and viruses are NOT similar kinds of micro-organisms. Bacteria are classified as living organisms,
More information11/15/2011. Outline. Structural Features and Characteristics. The Good the Bad and the Ugly. Viral Genomes. Structural Features and Characteristics
Chapter 19 - Viruses Outline I. Viruses A. Structure of viruses B. Common Characteristics of Viruses C. Viral replication D. HIV II. Prions The Good the Bad and the Ugly Viruses fit into the bad category
More informationViruses. Rotavirus (causes stomach flu) HIV virus
Viruses Rotavirus (causes stomach flu) HIV virus What is a virus? A virus is a microscopic, infectious agent that may infect any type of living cell. Viruses must infect living cells in order to make more
More informationWarts are a skin virus!
Viruses Warts are a skin virus! Herpes mouth virus: Other Viral Diseases Measles Polio Smallpox Influenza Hepatitis B Virus Viruses & Cancer Human Papilloma Virus HPV Tree Man - HPV Is a Virus a Living
More informationDate. Student Name. Prompt: This passage is called Characteristics of Viruses. It is about viruses.
Student Name Characteristics of Viruses--Part I Level High School - Science Date _ Prompt: This passage is called Characteristics of Viruses. It is about viruses. Similarities and Differences Between Viruses
More informationCh. 19 Viruses & Bacteria: What Is a Virus?
Ch. 19 Viruses & Bacteria: What Is a Virus? A virus is an invective agent consisting of a nucleic acid in a protein coat, able to multiply only within the living cells of a host. A bacteriophage ( bacteria
More information5/6/17. Diseases. Disease. Pathogens. Domain Bacteria Characteristics. Bacteria Viruses (including HIV) Pathogens are disease-causing organisms
5/6/17 Disease Diseases I. II. Bacteria Viruses (including HIV) Biol 105 Chapter 13a Pathogens Pathogens are disease-causing organisms Domain Bacteria Characteristics 1. Domain Bacteria are prokaryotic.
More informationLecture 2: Virology. I. Background
Lecture 2: Virology I. Background A. Properties 1. Simple biological systems a. Aggregates of nucleic acids and protein 2. Non-living a. Cannot reproduce or carry out metabolic activities outside of a
More informationUnit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms
Unit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms NC Essential Standard: 1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments 2.1.2 Analyze how various organisms
More information2.1 VIRUSES. 2.1 Learning Goals
2.1 VIRUSES 2.1 Learning Goals To understand the structure, function, and how Viruses replicate To understand the difference between Viruses to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; namely that viruses are not classified
More informationHow to Use This Presentation
How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right arrow key or
More informationAP Biology Reading Guide. Concept 19.1 A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
AP Biology Reading Guide Name Chapter 19: Viruses Overview Experimental work with viruses has provided important evidence that genes are made of nucleic acids. Viruses were also important in working out
More informationImmune System. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: Immune System Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the bacteria is the cause of pneumonia? a. staphylococci c. Treponema
More information19 Viruses BIOLOGY. Outline. Structural Features and Characteristics. The Good the Bad and the Ugly. Structural Features and Characteristics
9 Viruses CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Outline I. Viruses A. Structure of viruses B. Common Characteristics of Viruses C. Viral replication D. HIV Lecture Presentation
More informationUnit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms
Unit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms NC Essential Standard: 1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments 2.1.2 Analyze how various organisms
More information8/13/2009. Diseases. Disease. Pathogens. Domain Bacteria Characteristics. Bacteria Shapes. Domain Bacteria Characteristics
Disease Diseases I. Bacteria II. Viruses including Biol 105 Lecture 17 Chapter 13a are disease-causing organisms Domain Bacteria Characteristics 1. Domain Bacteria are prokaryotic 2. Lack a membrane-bound
More informationJust a Whole Bunch of Science Origin of Life, Bacteria, Viruses
Just a Whole Bunch of Science Origin of Life, Bacteria, Viruses Origin of Life no one knows for sure where the first organisms came from there are three possibilities for the origin of life extraterrestrial
More informationMicrobiology Chapter 7 Viruses
Microbiology Chapter 7 Viruses 7:1 Viral Structure and Classification VIRUS: a biological particle composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein coat CAPSID: protein coat surrounding a
More informationBacteria are all the organisms in the kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Bacteria outnumber all the members of all the other kingdoms combined.
Bacteria are all the organisms in the kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Bacteria outnumber all the members of all the other kingdoms combined. Bacteria Facts: A bacteria cell on average is 1000x
More informationWHY? Viruses are considered non-living because they do:
Viruses What is a Virus? Non-living particle WHY? Viruses are considered non-living because they do: NOT Carry out metabolism NOT Grow or develop NOT Replicate without the help of a living cell (host).
More informationPart I. Content: History of Viruses. General properties of viruses. Viral structure. Viral classifications. Virus-like agents.
Viruses Part I Content: History of Viruses. General properties of viruses. Viral structure. Viral classifications. Virus-like agents. History Through the 1800s, many scientists discovered that something
More informationViruses & Bacteria 1
Viruses & Bacteria 1 UNIT GOALS A)Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems. B) Compare how structures and function
More informationChapter 19: Viruses. 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction. 2. Bacteriophages. 3. Animal Viruses. 4. Viroids & Prions
Chapter 19: Viruses 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction 2. Bacteriophages 3. Animal Viruses 4. Viroids & Prions 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction Chapter Reading pp. 393-396 What exactly is a Virus? Viruses
More informationViruses. and Prions. ct o, ni, 21. Viruses. Table 2. Essential Questions
ct o, ni, 21 Essential Questions ;1 What is the general structure of a virus? What are similarities and differences in the lytic cycle, the lysogenic cycle, and retroviral replication? I What is the relationship
More information19 2 Viruses Slide 1 of 34
1 of 34 What Is a Virus? What Is a Virus? Viruses are particles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases, lipids. Viruses can reproduce only by infecting living cells. 2 of 34 What Is a Virus? Viruses
More informationChapter 19: Viruses. 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction. What exactly is a Virus? 11/7/ Viral Structure & Reproduction. 2.
Chapter 19: Viruses 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction 2. Bacteriophages 3. Animal Viruses 4. Viroids & Prions 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction Chapter Reading pp. 393-396 What exactly is a Virus? Viruses
More informationI. Bacteria II. Viruses including HIV. Domain Bacteria Characteristics. 5. Cell wall present in many species. 6. Reproduction by binary fission
Disease Diseases I. Bacteria II. Viruses including are disease-causing organisms Biol 105 Lecture 17 Chapter 13a Domain Bacteria Characteristics 1. Domain Bacteria are prokaryotic 2. Lack a membrane-bound
More informationDr. Gary Mumaugh. Viruses
Dr. Gary Mumaugh Viruses Viruses in History In 1898, Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of foot-and-mouth disease in livestock was an infectious particle smaller than any
More informationBIOLOGY. Viruses CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick TENTH EDITION
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 19 Viruses Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 19.1 Are the viruses (red) budding from this
More informationViral reproductive cycle
Lecture 29: Viruses Lecture outline 11/11/05 Types of viruses Bacteriophage Lytic and lysogenic life cycles viruses viruses Influenza Prions Mad cow disease 0.5 µm Figure 18.4 Viral structure of capsid
More informationCONTENTS. 1. Introduction. 4. Virology. 2. Virus Structure. 5. Virus and Medicine. 3. Virus Replication. 6. Review
CONTENTS 1. Introduction 4. Virology 2. Virus Structure 5. Virus and Medicine 3. Virus Replication 6. Review We have all gotten viruses from bacteria, plants to animals. Viruses cause colds, flu, warts
More informationChapter 6- An Introduction to Viruses*
Chapter 6- An Introduction to Viruses* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. 6.1 Overview of Viruses
More informationDiscovery of. 1892: Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky publishes. 1931: first images of viruses obtained using
Discovery of (1884: invention of the Chamberland filter with pores smaller than bacteria) 1892: Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky publishes a paper in which shows that extracts from diseased tobacco plants
More informationViruses. Picture from:
Viruses Understand the structure of bacteriophages & human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Appreciate that viruses replicate in host cells (thereby destroying them) Picture from: http://eands.caltech.edu/articles/lxvii1/viruses.html
More informationStudy Guide 23, 24 & 47
Study Guide 23, 24 & 47 STUDY GUIDE SECTION 23-3 Bacteria and Humans Name Period Date 1. One bacterial disease that is transmitted by contaminated drinking water is a. Lyme disease b. gonorrhea c. tuberculosis
More informationVIRUSES. 1. Describe the structure of a virus by completing the following chart.
AP BIOLOGY MOLECULAR GENETICS ACTIVITY #3 NAME DATE HOUR VIRUSES 1. Describe the structure of a virus by completing the following chart. Viral Part Description of Part 2. Some viruses have an envelope
More information8.L.1 Practice Questions
Name: Date: 1. Why should antibiotics be given to a person who is ill with a bacterial disease like strep throat, but not to a person who has a viral disease like flu?. ntibiotics kill bacteria but not
More informationImmune System. Before You Read. Read to Learn
Immune System 37 section 1 Infectious Diseases Biology/Life Sciences 10.d Students know there are important differences between bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication,
More informationUNIT 6: PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 31: Immune System and Disease
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned
More informationViruses. Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to:
Name: 3.5 Responses to Stimuli Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to: 3.5.4 Viruses 1. Explain the problem of defining what a virus is - living or non-living? 2. show you
More informationViruses, Viroids, and Prions
2.2 Figure 1 Human infl uenza viruses cause seasonal fl u. It would take 10 million viruses placed side by side to cover a distance of 1 mm. virus a small infectious particle containing genetic material
More informationUnit 4 Student Guided Notes
Structure of Viruses Discovery of the Virus Unit 4 Student Guided Notes Many human epidemics were well documented and observed in history, but. The following 3 discoveries shaped our knowledge of viruses
More informationbacteria review 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria?
Name: Date: 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria? 5. How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics? A. ribosome B. cytoplasm C. cell
More informationChapter 08 Lecture Outline
Chapter 08 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction
More informationViruses. An Illustrated Guide to Viral Life Cycles to Accompany Lecture. By Noel Ways
Viruses An Illustrated Guide to Viral Life Cycles to Accompany Lecture By Noel Ways Viral Life Cycle Step #1, Adhesion: During adhesion, specific receptors for specific molecules on potential host cell
More informationChapter 39 Viruses. Viruses are tiny. They are much smaller (50 times) than a bacterium.
Chapter 39 Viruses Viruses are tiny. They are much smaller (50 times) than a bacterium. They are not made of cellsand cannot reproduceon their own. Therefore they are not alive according to our rules.
More informationKEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans. 31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness Germ theory states that microorganisms
More informationViruses defined acellular organisms genomes nucleic acid replicate inside host cells host metabolic machinery ribosomes
The Viruses Viruses Viruses may be defined as acellular organisms whose genomes consist of nucleic acid, obligately replicate inside host cells using host metabolic machinery and ribosomes to form a pool
More informationSTRUCTURE, GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND REPRODUCTION OF VIRUSES
STRUCTURE, GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND REPRODUCTION OF VIRUSES Introduction Viruses are noncellular genetic elements that use a living cell for their replication and have an extracellular state. Viruses
More informationChapter 8 Review. 4. Scientists do not consider viruses as true living organisms because they
Chapter 8 Review Multiple Choice 1. A disruption of homeostasis can result in all of the following except A. illness C. disease B. death D. stability 2. Infectious diseases result from A. genetic defects
More informationHistory electron microscopes
Viruses History Through the 1800s, many scientists discovered that something smaller than bacteria could cause disease and they called it virion (Latin word- poison) In the 1930s, after the invention of
More informationMONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE CHAPTER 13: VIRUSES. 1. Obligate intracellular parasites that multiply in living host cells
MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE CHAPTER 13: VIRUSES I. CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES A. General Characteristics 1. Obligate intracellular parasites that multiply in living host cells 2. Contain a single
More information18.2. Viral Structure and Reproduction. Viruses differ in shape and in ways of entering
18.2 Viral Structure and Reproduction VOCABULARY bacteriophage lytic infection lysogenic infection prophage compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role
More informationDo First: Answer in your DFAD
Do First: Answer in your DFAD Answer each question with a short answer. Haveouts Guided Notes Pen/pencil CAV Card 1. What body system does HIV attack? 2. What cells does HIV attack? 3. Is HIV a virus or
More informationChapter 6: Fighting Disease
Chapter 6: Fighting Disease Lesson 1: Infectious Disease How Do Pathogens Cause Disease? Ancient times, people had different ideas about what caused disease. - Evil spirits - Swamp air - Imbalance of four
More informationBacteriophage Reproduction
Bacteriophage Reproduction Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles The following information is taken from: http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/index.html#charvir Bacteriophage Structure More complex
More informationChapter 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions. Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003
Chapter 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003 Viruses Virology-study of viruses Characteristics: acellular obligate intracellular parasites no ribosomes or means
More informationProkaryotic Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cell Structure Chapter 3 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes DNA Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Organelles Size & Organization Kingdoms 1 Where do viruses fit in? Acellular microorganisms Cannot reproduce outside
More informationProkaryotic Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cell Structure Chapter 3 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes DNA Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Organelles Size & Organization Kingdoms Where do viruses fit in? Acellular microorganisms Cannot reproduce outside
More informationSection A: The Genetics of Viruses
CHAPTER 18 MICROBIAL MODELS: THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES AND BACTERIA Section A: The Genetics of Viruses 1. Researchers discovered viruses by studying a plant disease 2. A virus is a genome enclosed in a protective
More informationA virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. [2]
GUIDED READING - Ch. 19 - VIRUSES NAME: Please print out these pages and HANDWRITE the answers directly on the printouts. Typed work or answers on separate sheets of paper will not be accepted. Importantly,
More informationLEC 2, Medical biology, Theory, prepared by Dr. AYAT ALI
General Characteristics, Structure and Taxonomy of Viruses Viruses A virus is non-cellular organisms made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells. They are considered both a living
More informationInfection, Detection, Prevention...
Infection, Detection, Prevention... A disease is any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems. Non infectious diseases are typically caused by exposure to chemicals or are inherited.
More informationTopic 03 Prokaryotes (3.3)
Topic 03 Prokaryotes (3.3) Topics Characteristics (comparison) External Structures Cell Envelope Internal Structures Cell Shapes, Arrangement, and Sizes Classification 1 Relative size of bacterial cell
More informationWednesday, October 19, 16. Viruses
Viruses Image of an animal cell More realistic size of a virus compared to an animal cell Cells can fulfill all characteristics of life Viruses on their own can be considered lifeless chemicals, unless?
More informationNucleic acid: singled stranded, double stranded, RNA, or DNA, linear or circular. Capsid: protein coat that is most of the mass of the virus.
Viruses General Characteristics of Viruses 1. Depending on view may be regarded as exceptionally complex aggregates of nonliving chemicals or as exceptionally simple living microbes. 2. Contain a single
More informationIntroduction to viruses. BIO 370 Ramos
Introduction to viruses BIO 370 Ramos 1 2 General Structure of Viruses Size range most
More informationStructure & Function of Viruses
Structure & Function of Viruses Discovery of Viruses Louis Pasteur- looks for a causative agent for rabies, says too small, can not find it 1892 Dimitry Ivanosky- studies tobacco disease, can not find
More informationWarm Up. What do you think the difference is between infectious and noninfectious disease?
Warm Up What do you think the difference is between infectious and noninfectious disease? Infectious Diseases Chapter 14 Lesson 1: Types of Infectious Disease Infectious Diseases An infectious disease
More informationClassification of Infectious Agents. Dr W. D. Colby
Classification of Infectious Agents Dr W. D. Colby Nonliving Infectious Agents PRIONS: abnormally configured self-replicating protein templates VIRUSES: nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) genes packaged in protein
More informationLESSON 1.4 WORKBOOK. Viral sizes and structures. Workbook Lesson 1.4
Eukaryotes organisms that contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles. Prokaryotes organisms that lack a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Viruses small, non-cellular (lacking a cell), infectious
More informationMicrobiology. Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasites
Microbiology Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasites On page C1: What do YOU think? What do you think 8.L.1 means? (look at your section tab) Choose 2 vocabulary words and write a definition and a drawing for
More informationSTAAR Biology: Assessment Activities. Cell Structure and Function. The Charles A. Dana Center at The University of Texas at Austin
Cell Structure and Function Viruses: Structure, Replication, and Disease 69 70 Cell Structure and Function Teacher Pages Purpose The purpose of this station is to reinforce students understanding of the
More informationChapter 12: Acellular Agents: Viruses, Viroids and Prions
Chapter 12: Acellular Agents: Viruses, Viroids and Prions Viruses Viruses are acellular infectious agents that are much smaller than bacteria and are usually measured in nanometers (Figure 12.1). They
More information