The Influence of Ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai Virus on Marek's Disease Virus Infection in Tissue Culture
|
|
- Barnard McKenzie
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 J. gen. Virol. 097o), 9, 45-5 o 45 Printed in Great Britain The Influence of Ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai Virus on Marek's Disease Virus Infection in Tissue Culture By I. HLO~ANEK* Houghton Poultry Research Station, Houghton, Huntingdon, England (Accepted 8 June ~97o) SUMMARY The presence of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus increased the transfer of Marek's disease virus from infected to uninfected cultured chick kidney cells. This effect was seen after incubation of infected and uninfected chick kidney cells in the presence of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendal virus at 4. There was only a slight further increase in transfer of infection with subsequent incubation at 37. The close apposition of infected and uninfected cells occurring during the agglutination produced by treatment with ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus in the cold, rather than complete cell fusion may have been the main means by which treatment with ultraviolet-inactivated Sendal virus increased the transfer of infection. INTRODUCTION The infectivity of Marek's disease virus has been shown to be strictly cell-associated in blood and tumour cells and in cultured chick kidney cells (Biggs & Payne, 1967; Biggs et al. ~968). It was postulated by Churchill (I968) that the transfer of virus from cell to cell in culture was probably not mediated by released cell-free virus but was due to an undetermined mechanism requiring cell contact. Ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus produces cell fusion and the formation of intercellular cytoplasmic bridges between homologous (Okada, I962 ) and heterologous (Harris & Watkins, ~965) cells and activates the transfer of non-infectious virus material from infected cells to normal sensitive cells (Gerber, 1966; Svoboda, Machala & Hlo~inek, I967; Vigier, 1967). I report in this paper that similar treatment with Sendai virus increases the transfer of Marek's disease virus from infected to uninfected cultured chick kidney cells. Viruses METHODS Marek's disease virus. The following isolates of Marek's disease virus were used as frozen stocks of infected cultured chick kidney cells: (a) The IqVRS-~6 isolate of Marek's disease virus made from a case of acute Marek's disease (Biggs et al. I965; Purchase & Biggs, i967). (i) Low tissue culture passage mpa+ virus (Churchill, Chubb & Baxendale, ~969), referred to as HPRS-I6. (ii) High tissue culture passage attenuated mpa- virus (Churchill et al. I969) referred to as HPRS-~6/Att. (b) The OA isolate of Marek's disease virus made from a case of acute Marek's disease (Eidson & Schmittle, I968). * Present address: Institute of Experimental Biology and Genetics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, Czechoslovakia. 4 vt~ 9
2 46 I. HLO2~NEK (C) The HPRS-24 isolate of Marek's disease virus, made from a normal chicken, which lacked pathogenicity in low tissue culture passage (P. M. Biggs & B. Milne, personal communication). The assay technique in cultured chick kidney cells described by Churchill (I968) was used for the titration of cells infected with Marek's disease virus. Sendai virus. Sendai virus (strain HvJ) was kindly supplied by Dr H. G. Pereira of The National Institute for Medical Research, London. Because Sendai virus is commonly grown in chick embryos which are not tested for contamination with avian leukosis virus, the following technique was used for the preparation of Sendai virus. Two to four haemagglutination units (HAU) of Sendal virus were used to inoculate ~o-day-old Sykes line B Rhode Island Red chick embryos by the allantoic route. Sykes line B Rhode Island Reds are resistant to the infection with avian leukosis viruses of both A and B subgroups (P. M. Biggs & L. N. Payne, personal communication). The allantoic fluid was harvested 3 days later, centrifuged at 4ooog for 25 rain. and the HA titre determined. The harvested Sendal virus was serially transferred four times in chick embryos of the same origin using a dose of 2 HAU/embryo. After the last passage, allantoic fluid was harvested and clarified at 4ooog for 25 min. The supernatant fluid was centrifuged at z2,ooog for I hr, the virus pellet resuspended in Hanks's balanced salt solution (BSS) and the HA titre determined. Forty and 4oo HAU of stocks of Senadi virus used in the experiments were inoculated on chick embryo fibroblasts susceptible to all known subgroups of leukosis virus. Interference (Rubin, Cornelius & Fanshier, I96I) and COFAL (Sarma, Turner & Huebner, I964) tests after three 5-day passages confirmed the absence of contamination with leukosis viruses. Treatment of cell mixtures with ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus. Three methods were used (a) Mixtures of freshly thawed and washed Marek's disease virus (23,000 p.f.u.) and freshly prepared chick kidney cells (2 x io 7) were suspended in 2 ml. of Hanks's BSS without sodium bicarbonate. The ph was adjusted to 7"6 with tris buffer. Two thousand or 4ooo HAU of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendal virus (Svoboda et al. I967) in I ml. of Hank's BSS was added to 2 ml. of the cell mixture. Control cell mixtures were suspended in 3 ml. of Hanks's solution without ultraviolet-inactivated Sendal virus. The mixtures were chilled in an ice bath for 30 min. to permit the agglutination of cells and were then transferred to a water bath for 30 min at 37. During incubation at 37 the mixtures were shaken for I min. every io min. To remove the ultraviolet-inactivated Sendal virus, the cells were washed by pipetting vigorously, and after resuspension in growth medium were seeded on plastic Petri dishes at the rate of 2 x io G cells/6 cm. dish. The medium was changed to maintenance medium after 3 days and the number of plaques determined 7 to Io days after plating. (b) Freshly thawed stocks of Marek's disease virus (46,oo0 p.f.u.) were washed in phosphate-buffered saline and iooo HAU of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus added. The cells were incubated under the same conditions as in (a), and both untreated cells and cells treated with Sendai virus were seeded on 3-day-old monolayers of chick kidney cells at rates of 10 4, 2 X 10 4, 5 X IO 4, IO 5 and 5 x Io 5 cells/6 cm. Petri dish. (c) Freshly thawed stocks of Marek's disease virus (46,0oo p.f.u.) were washed in phosphate-buffered saline. The infected cells were mixed with 2 x io 6 fresh chick kidney cells and 2ooo HAU of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus were added. The mixture was treated as in (a), and the cells were seeded on 3-day old monolayers of chick kidney cells at rates of 1 o3, 5 x io 3, IO and 5 x io 4 cells/6 cm. Petri dish.
3 Transfer of Marek's disease virus with u.v.-inactivated Sendai virus 47 Tissue culture media and techniques. Chick kidney cells were prepared and cultured by the methods described by Churchill 0968). RESULTS The toxicity of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus for mixtures of freshly thawed chick kidney cells infected with Marek's diseased virus (HPRS-16) and freshly prepared chick kidney cells was examined. Doses of 8oo0 and I2,OOO HAU of ultraviolet inactivated Sendai virus were toxic for chick kidney cells, and subsequent cultivation of treated cells was impossible. Doses of 2ooo and 4ooo HAU were the most suitable. Using doses of zooo and 4ooo HAU and treatment (a) the number of specific plaques was significantly increased compared with Table L The effect of treatment with ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus on Marek's disease virus infection Marek's Sendai Mean disease virus number of Increase virus HAU plaques t value (%) HPRS " I "00 200o 297"30 8.6* 1"28 4ooo 395"77 19"5" I'71 rivrs- 16/Att. -- 2ooo 159"4o 186-o0 I "88;~ I 'oo I' 16 4ooo oo* I "49 GA 47"60 -- I"O0 2OOO 76"OO 7"39* I' i "80~ I I0"20 -- I "00 HPRS " 80 5"74" I ' "91 * I "64 ~ P < o.oox, t P < O.Ol. ~ = Not significant. the controls. An increase in plaque formation was also found when Marek's disease virus was mixed with freshly prepared chick kidney cells, treated with Sendai virus and seeded on monolayers of primary chick kidney cells, as described in Methods under treatment (c). When ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus was added to freshly thawed stocks of Marek's disease virus alone, as in treatment (b) no increase in plaque formation was noted. Using treatment (a), the effect of ultraviolet inactivated Sendai virus on transmission of Marek's disease virus was verified with other isolates of Marek's disease virus. Several experiments were made with HPRS-~6, HPRS-I6/Att., GA and HPRS-24 isolates (Table 0. Specific plaques were increased by 5 to ioo ~o when mixtures of cells infected with Marek's disease virus and uninfected cells were treated with ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus. The increases were statistically significant by Student's t test (Table 0. To determine the effect of concentration of infected cells on transfer of infection induced by ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus, serial dilutions of chick kidney cells infected with Marek's disease virus isolates I-IPRS-I6 and nprs-i6/att, were mixed with a standard number of fresh chick kidney cells. An increase in plaque formation in mixtures treated with ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus compared with controls was confirmed (Table 2). A fourfold reduction in the concentration of infected chick kidney cells did not affect the efficiency of transfer of infection induced by ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus. According to Schneeberger & Harris (I966), inactivated Sendai virus particles are at first 4-2
4 48 I. HLO 7,,~NEK adsorbed to and then agglutinate cells in a suspension of 4. Cytoplasmic communication usually develops after a short incubation at 37, while cell fusion is completed after 30 rain. at 37. Experiments were therefore made to examine the influence of time of incubation on transfer of Marek's disease virus induced by ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus. Treatment (a) did not increase the plaque count when the mixtures were seeded immediately after ultraviolet-inactivated Sendal virus had been added (Fig. I a). However, there was an increase in number of plaques when the cell mixtures were incubated in an ice bath for 30 min. before seeding. Only a slight further increase in number of plaques was noted when incubation at 4 was followed by incubation at 37 for 15 or 30 min (Fig. xa). Table 2. The effect of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus on infection with different doses of Marek's disease virus. Marek's disease virus HPRS- 16 HPRS-16/Att. Estimated number of cells infected Sendai Mean with Marek's virus number of Increase disease virus HAU plaques t value* (~) 5o 53,4 -- I'OO IOO -- IO7"20! " "80 -- I-O ~ o5"4 o lo-59 I'97 IOO '60 7'O1 1"6I 200 2OOO 309"80 10'55 I '44 28 N T I ' "20 -- I' " lo5,2o "01 I "80 6'86 2"03 NT = not tested. * = P < o.ooi. Because treatment with ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus first produces agglutination of cells, experiments were undertaken to find out whether agglutination itself had some effect on the transfer of infection. Experiments were designed in which mixtures of cells infected with Marek's disease virus and uninfected cells were prepared as described under treatment (a), but phytohaemagglutinin (Wellcome, England) was used instead of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus. Phytohaemagglutinin was reconstituted in 5 ml. of sterile distilled water and doses of o'025, 0"05 and o.2 ml./2 x lo 7 cells were used. Doses of 0"05 and o. I ml. produced rapid agglutination but did not impair the growth of the cells. A dose of o-o25 ml. produced no visible agglutination, and a dose of o.2 ml. was toxic for chick kidney cells. After incubation the cells were washed and seeded on dishes; no increase in plaque formation was observed (Fig. I b). To determine the possible 'helper effect' of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendal virus on the transfer of Marek's disease virus infection in tissue culture, doses of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus, similar to those used in previous experiments, were added to monolayers of chick kidney cells at intervals after inoculation with cells infected with Marek's disease virus. At intervals of i, 2, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hr after infection with Marek's disease virus, no increase or decrease in plaque counts was noted.
5 Transfer of Marek's disease virus with u.v.-inactivated Sendai virus 49 (a) I I i I I I I (b) 200 I I I I Min. at Phytohaemagglutinin Min. at Fig. I a. The influence of different incubation times on ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus treated and untreated mixtures of Marek's disease virus infected and uninfected cells. 0--0, control; O (3, treated with Sendai virus. Fig. I b. The influence of phytohaemagglutinin on ]Vlarek's disease virus infection. DISCUSSION My results show that ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus promotes the transfer of Marek's disease virus from infected to uninfected cultured chick kidney cells. The specificity of Sendai virus action seems to be confirmed by the lack of effect of phytohaemagglutinin treatment on transmission of Marek's disease virus. Because the greatest increase in Sendai virus-induced transfer of Marek's disease virus infection occurred after incubation at 4 alone, it is possible that Marek's disease virus is transferred to normal chick kidney cells within the early step of cell apposition. However, because Hosaka & Koshi (~968) suggested that degradation of cell membranes and communication between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells occurs after short periods at 37 (I to 5 min.) in the region of adsorbed Sendai virus particles, and because mixtures of cells + Sendai virus were washed in medium at 37 after incubation at 4, this treatment may also have influenced the transfer in Marek's disease virus infection. It is not known why Sendai virus treatment of freshly thawed stocks of Marek's disease virus, which probably include a higher proportion of uninfected chick kidney cells, was not effective. It appears that the dose of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendal virus as well as the number of infected cells in a mixture play a role in transfer of Marek's disease virus infection. More plaques were found after treatment with 2ooo and 4ooo HAU, but higher doses, which were expected to be more efficient, could not be tested because of the toxicity of ultravioletinactivated Sendal virus for chick kidney cells. I am indebted to Dr P. M. Biggs for his encouragement and valuable suggestions during the course of this study, which was undertaken during the tenure of an Eleanor Roosevelt International Cancer Fellowship of the American Cancer Society awarded by the International Union Against Cancer.
6 5 0 I. HLOZANEK REFERENCES BIGGS, P. M., CHURCHILL, A. E., ROOTES, D. G. & CHUBB, R. C. (1968). The etiology of Marek's disease--an oncogenic herpes-type virus. In Perspectives in Virology. Ed. by M. Pollard, Vol. 6, p. 21I. New York and London: Academic Press. BIGGS, P. M. & PAVNE, L. N. (1967). Studies on Marek's disease. I. Experimental transmission. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 39, 267. BIGGS, P. M., PURCHASE, H. G., BEE, B. R. & DALTON, P. J. (1965). Preliminary report on acute Marek's disease (fowl paralysis) in Great Britain. Veterinary Record 77, t339. CHURCHILL, A. E. (1968). Herpes-type virus isolated in cell culture from tumours of chickens with Marek's disease. I. Studies in cell culture. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 4 I, 939- CHURCHILL, A. E., CHUBB, R. C. & BAXENDALE, W. (1969). The attenuation, with loss of oncogenicity of the herpes-type virus of Marek's disease (strain HPRS- 16) on passage in cell culture. JournalofGeneral Virology 4, 557. EIDSON, C. S. & SCHMITTLE, S. C. (1968). Studies on acute Marek's disease. I. Characteristics of isolate GA in chickens. Avian Diseases i2, 467. ~ERaER, P. (1966). Studies on the transfer of subviral infectivity from SV 4o-induced hamster tumour cells to indicator cells. Virology 28, 5oi. HARRIS, H. & WATKINS, J. F. (I965). Hybrid cells derived from mouse and man: artificial heterokaryons of mammalian cells from different species. Nature, London, 2o5, 64o. HOSAKA, Y. & KOSHI, Y, (I968). Electron microscopic study of cell fusion by HVJ virions. Virology 34, 419. OKADA, Y. (1962). Analysis of giant polynuclear cell formation caused by HVJ virus from Ehrlich's ascites tumour cells. Experimental Cell Research 26, 98. PURCHASE, H. G. & BIGGS, P. M. (1967). Characterization of five isolates of Marek's disease. Research in Veterinary Science 8, 44o. RUBIN, H., CORNELIUS, A. & FANSHIER, L. (I96I). The pattern of congenital transmission of avian leukosis virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. 47 1o58. SARMA, P. S., TURNER, H. C. & HUEBNER, R. J. (1964). An avian leukosis group-specific complement fixation reaction : application for the detection and assay of non-cytopathogenic leukosis viruses. Virology 23, 213. SCHNEEBERGER, E. E. & HARRIS, H. (I966). An ultrastructural study of interspecific cell fusion induced by inactivated Sendai virus. Journal of Cell Science x, 4oi. SVOBODA, J., MACI4ALA, O. & HLO~NEK, I. (1967). Influence of Sendai virus on RSV formation in mixed culture of virogenic mammalian cells and chicken fibroblasts. Folia biologica (Praha), x3, 15. VIGIER, P. (I967). Persistence du g6nome du virus de Rous dans des cellules du Hamster converties in vitro, et action du virus Sendai inactiv6 sur sa transmission aux cellules de Poule. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des sdances de l'acaddmie des sciences, Paris ~-64, 422. (Received 2 April I97O )
Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent, England. Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, England. (Accepted 27 January I972)
J. gen. ViroL (I972), I5, 227-234 22 7 Printed in Great Britain Interaction of Sendai (HVJ) Virus with Human Erythrocytes: a Morphological Study of Haemolysis Cell Fusion By K. APOSTOLOV Wellcome Research
More informationInfection of Chick Embryo Fibroblasts With Template Active RNA From Avian Myeloblastosis Virus
J. gen. ViroL (I97O), 6, I63-I68 Prh, ted in Great Britain I63 Infection of Chick Embryo Fibroblasts With Template Active RNA From Avian Myeloblastosis Virus By I. HLO2;ANEK*I" AND VLASTA SOVOV,~ Institute
More informationThe Complement-fixation Test for Avian Leukosis
J. gen. ViroL (I968), 3, 25-34 With 2 plates Printed in Great Britain 25 The Complement-fixation Test for Avian Leukosis By I. G. S. FURMINGER AND A. J. BEALE Glaxo Laboratories Ltd, Sefton Park, Stoke
More informationDeterminants of the Host Range of Feline Leukaemia Viruses
J. gen. Virol. (1973), 20, I69-t75 Printed in Great Britain 169 Determinants of the Host Range of Feline Leukaemia Viruses By O. JARRETT, HELEN M. LAIRD AND D. HAY University of Glasgow, Leukaemia Research
More informationTHE CYTOPATHOGENIC ACTION OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS ON TISSUE CULTURES AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES IN THE SERUM OF SHEEP.
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume 27, Number 2, October, 1956. The Government Printer. THE CYTOPATHOGENIC ACTION OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS ON TISSUE CULTURES AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE DETECTION
More informationPlaque Assay of Sendai Virus in Monolayers of a Clonal Line
JOURNAL OF CUNICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 1976. p. 91-95 Copyright 1976 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 3, No. 2 Printed in U.SA. Plaque Assay of Sendai Virus in Monolayers of a Clonal Line of Porcine
More informationISOLATION OF A SARCOMA VIRUS FROM A SPONTANEOUS CHICKEN TUMOR
ISOLATION OF A SARCOMA VIRUS FROM A SPONTANEOUS CHICKEN TUMOR Shigeyoshi ITOHARA, Kouichi HIRATA, Makoto INOUE, Masanori Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University* HATSUOKA, and
More informationTHE ANALYSIS OF MALIGNANCY BY CELL FUSION II. HYBRIDS BETWEEN EHRLICH CELLS AND NORMAL DIPLOID CELLS
J. Cell Sci. 8, 673-68 (97) 673 Printed in Great Britain THE ANALYSIS OF MALIGNANCY BY CELL FUSION II. HYBRIDS BETWEEN EHRLICH CELLS AND NORMAL DIPLOID CELLS U. BREGULA,* G. KLEIN Department of Tumor Biology,
More informationA Dominant Epistatic Gene which Inhibits Cellular Susceptibility to RSV(RAV-O)
J. gen. Virol. 097I), x3, 455-462 Printed in Great Britain 455 A Dominant Epistatic Gene which Inhibits Cellular Susceptibility to RSV(RAV-O) By L. N. PAYNE AND P. K. PANI Houghton Poultry Research Station,
More informationAmantadine in Tissue Culture'
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Sept., 1965 Copyright 1965 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 90, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Mode of Action of the Antiviral Activity of Amantadine in Tissue Culture' C. E. HOFFMANN,
More informationSOME PROPERTIES OF ECHO AND COXSACKIE VIRUSES IN TISSUE CULTURE AND VARIATIONS BY HEAT
THE KURUME MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 9, No. 1, 1962 SOME PROPERTIES OF ECHO AND COXSACKIE VIRUSES IN TISSUE CULTURE AND VARIATIONS BY HEAT SHIGERU YAMAMATO AND MASAHISA SHINGU Department of Microbiology, Kurume
More information(From the Department of Animal and Plant Pathology of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, New Jersey)
THE YIELD OF RABIES VIRUS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO BY BJORN SIGURDSSON, M.D.* (From the Department of Animal and Plant Pathology of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, New Jersey) (Received
More informationRole of Interferon in the Propagation of MM Virus in L Cells
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Oct. 1969, p. 584-588 Copyright ( 1969 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 18, No. 4 Printed in U S A. Role of Interferon in the Propagation of MM Virus in L Cells DAVID J. GIRON
More informationBY F. BROWN, B. CARTWRIGHT AND DOREEN L. STEWART Research Institute (Animal Virus Diseases), Pirbright, Surrey. (Received 22 August 1962) SUMMARY
J. gen. Microbial. (1963), 31, 179186 Prinied in Great Britain 179 The Effect of Various Inactivating Agents on the Viral and Ribonucleic Acid Infectivities of FootandMouth Disease Virus and on its Attachment
More informationIntroduction.-Cytopathogenic viruses may lose their cell-destroying capacity
AN INHIBITOR OF VIRAL ACTIVITY APPEARING IN INFECTED CELL CULTURES* BY MONTO Hot AND JOHN F. ENDERS RESEARCH DIVISION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, THE CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF BACTERIOLOGY
More informationEnvelope Antigen Relationships among Three Hamster-specific Sarcoma Viruses and a Hamster-specific Helper Virus
J. gen. Virol. (197o), 9, I9-26 I9 Printed in Great Britain Envelope Antigen Relationships among Three Hamster-specific Sarcoma Viruses and a Hamster-specific Helper Virus By G. KELLOFF AND R. J. HUEBNER
More informationBy NATHALIE J. SCHMIDT, E. H. LENNETTE AND R. L. MAGOFFIN
J. gen. ViroL 0969), 4, 321-328 Printed in Great Britain 32I Immunological Relationship between Herpes Simplex and Varicella-zoster Viruses Demonstrated by Complement-fixation, Neutralization and Fluorescent
More informationINTRABULBAR INOCULATION OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS TO MICE
THE KURUME MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 15, No. 1, 1968 INTRABULBAR INOCULATION OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS TO MICE TOSHINORI TSUCHIYA Department of Microbiology, and Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University
More informationof an Infectious Form of Rous Sarcoma Virus*
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 314-321, June 1970 A Cell-Associated Factor Essential for Formation of an Infectious Form of Rous Sarcoma Virus* H. Hanafusa, T. Miyamoto,
More informationBrief Definitive Report
Brief Definitive Report HEMAGGLUTININ-SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC T-CELL RESPONSE DURING INFLUENZA INFECTION BY FRANCIS A. ENNIS, W. JOHN MARTIN, ANY MARTHA W. VERBONITZ (From the Department of Health, Education
More informationThe Kinetics of DEAE-Dextran-induced Cell Sensitization to Transfection
J. gen. Virol. (1973), x8, 89 93 8 9 Printed in Great Britain The Kinetics of DEAE-Dextran-induced Cell Sensitization to Transfection (Accepted 19 October 972 ) DEAE-dextran has commonly been found to
More informationPrimary Isolation and Cultivation of Viruses
Primary Isolation and Cultivation of Viruses Practical Medical Virology 450 MBIO 2017-18 01/10/2017 Amal Alghamdi Reham Alahmadi Dalia Alsrar 1 Diagnostic Virology Virus Isolation and Cultivation Viral
More informationInduction of Interferon in Chick Cells by Temperaturesensitive Mutants of Sindbis Virus
J. gen. ViroL 0974), 25, 381-39o Printed in Great Britain 38I Induction of Interferon in Chick Cells by Temperaturesensitive Mutants of Sindbis Virus By G. J. ATKINS, M. D. JOHNSTON, LINDA M. WESTMACOTT
More informationTHERMOINACTIVATION OF HF AND M STRAINS OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS
THE KURUME MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 16, No. 2, 1969 THERMOINACTIVATION OF HF AND M STRAINS OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS HIDEFUMI KABUTA, SHIGERU YAMAMOTO, MIZUKO TANIKAWA AND YOH NAKAGAWA
More information(;[rowth Charaeteristies of Influenza Virus Type C in Avian Hosts
Archives of Virology 58, 349--353 (1978) Archives of Virology by Springer-Verlag 1978 (;[rowth Charaeteristies of Influena Virus Type C in Avian Hosts Brief Report By M ~R A~N D. AUSTIn, A. S. MONTO, and
More informationNonproducing State of Rous Sarcoma Cells:
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Aug. 1967, p. 729-737 Copyright 1967 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 1, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Nonproducing State of Rous Sarcoma Cells: Its Contagiousness in Chicken Cell
More informationThe Assay of Influenza Antineuraminidase Activity by an Elution Inhibition Technique
3.. gen. Virol. (1977), 34, 137-I44 Printed in Great Britain 137 The Assay of Influenza Antineuraminidase Activity by an Elution Inhibition Technique By G. APPLEYARD AND J. D. ORAM Microbiological Research
More informationG. W. WOOD J. C. MUSKETT and D. H. THORNTON MAFF, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Weybridge, Surrey, U.K.
J. Comp. Path. 1986 vol. 96 OBSERVATIONS ON THE ABILITY OF AVIAN REOVIRUS VACCINMATION OF HENS TO PROTECT THEIR PROGENY AGAINST THE EFFECTS OF CHALLENGE WITH HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS STRAINS By G. W.
More informationUltrastructure of Mycoplasmatales Virus laidlawii x
J. gen. Virol. (1972), I6, 215-22I Printed in Great Britain 2I 5 Ultrastructure of Mycoplasmatales Virus laidlawii x By JUDY BRUCE, R. N. GOURLAY, AND D. J. GARWES R. HULL* Agricultural Research Council,
More informationAttachment of Two Myxoviruses to Ciliated Epithelial Cells
,1. gen. Virol. (I97O), 9, 77-88 77 Printed in Great Britain Attachment of Two Myxoviruses to Ciliated Epithelial Cells By R. R. DOURMASHKIN AND D. A. J. TYRRELL Clinical Research Centre Laboratories,
More informationSTUDIES OF THE HEMAGGLUTININ OF HAEMOPHILUS PERTUSSIS HIDEO FUKUMI, HISASHI SHIMAZAKI, SADAO KOBAYASHI AND TATSUJI UCHIDA
STUDIES OF THE HEMAGGLUTININ OF HAEMOPHILUS PERTUSSIS HIDEO FUKUMI, HISASHI SHIMAZAKI, SADAO KOBAYASHI AND TATSUJI UCHIDA The National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan (Received: August 3rd, 1953) INTRODUCTION
More informationPractice 4: The Isolation, Cultivation and Identification of Viruses and serological diagnosis. morphological laboratory centre
Practice 4: The Isolation, Cultivation and Identification of Viruses and serological diagnosis morphological laboratory centre Outline Introduction of laboratory diagnosis of viral infection Virus isolation
More informationThe Effect of Environment on the Replication of Poliovirus in Monkey Kidney Cells
J. gen. Mimobiol. (1961), 25, 421428 Printed in Great Britain 421 The Effect of Environment on the Replication of Poliovirus in Monkey Kidney Cells BY G. FURNESS" Department of Microbiology, University
More informationhowever, and the present communication is concerned with some of
THE AGGLUTINATION OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES MODIFIED BY TREATMENT WITH NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND INFLUENZA VIRUS' ALFRED L. FLORMAN' Pediatric Service and Division of Bacteriology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New
More informationDefective Interfering Particles of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Aug. 1982, p. 439-444 0019-9567/82/080439-06$02.00/0 Vol. 37, No. 2 Defective Interfering Particles of Respiratory Syncytial Virus MARY W. TREUHAFTl* AND MARC 0. BEEM2 Marshfield
More informationTwo More Small RNA Viruses from Honey Bees and Further Observations on Sacbrood and Acute Bee-Paralysis Viruses
J. gen. ViroL (t977), 37, 175-182 I75 Printed in Great Britain Two More Small RNA Viruses from Honey Bees and Further Observations on Sacbrood and Acute Bee-Paralysis Viruses By L. BAILEY AND R. D. WOODS
More informationHost Restriction of Friend Leukemia Virus. Role of the Viral Outer Coat (mice/fv-1 locus/vesicular stomatitis virus)
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 70, No. 9, pp. 2549-2553, September 1973 Host Restriction of Friend Leukemia Virus. Role of the Viral Outer Coat (mice/fv-1 locus/vesicular stomatitis virus) THEODORE G.
More informationPersistent Infection of MDCK Cells by Influenza C Virus: Initiation and Characterization
J. gen. Virol. (199), 70, 341-345. Printed in Great Britain 341 Key words: influenza C virus/interferon/persistent infection Persistent Infection of MDCK Cells by Influenza C Virus: Initiation and Characterization
More informationThe Effect of Azo Dyes on Myxovirus Neuraminidase and on Virus Multiplication
J. hen. Virol. (1968), z, 261-268 Printed in Great Britain 26I The Effect of Azo Dyes on Myxovirus Neuraminidase and on Virus Multiplication By H. BECHT AND R. DRZENIEK Institut fiir Virologie, Justus
More informationNOTES CONTAMINATION OF CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY KIDNEY CELL CULTURES BY HEMAGGLUTINATING SIMIAN VIRUS (SV 5)
Japan. J. Med. Sci. Biol., 18, 151-156, 1965 NOTES CONTAMINATION OF CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY KIDNEY CELL CULTURES BY HEMAGGLUTINATING SIMIAN VIRUS (SV 5) Since the extensive use of cynomolgus monkey kidney cell
More informationStudies on Thermostability of Newcastle Disease Viruses (Local Isolates) for Preparation of Vaccine
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.701.060
More informationLaboratory Characteristics of Poxviruses Isolated from Captive Elephants in Germany
J. gen. ViroL (I977) 37, 4o7-414 Printed in Great Britain 407 Laboratory Characteristics of Poxviruses Isolated from Captive Elephants in Germany By DERRICK BAXBY AND B. GHABOOSI* Department of Medical
More informationAvian Infectious Bronchitis Vaccine, Inactivated
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Vaccine, Inactivated Avian Infectious Bronchitis Vaccine, Inactivated consists of an emulsion or a suspension of one or more serotypes of avian infectious bronchitis virus which
More informationElectron Microscope Studies of HeLa Cells Infected with Herpes Virus
244 STOKER, M. G. P., SMITH, K. M. & Ross, R. W. (1958). J. gen. Microbiol. 19,244-249 Electron Microscope Studies of HeLa Cells Infected with Herpes Virus BY M: G. P. STOKER, K. M. SMITH AND R. W. ROSS
More informationUltraviolet Light Upon Influenza Virus Infectivity,
APPuED MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 197, p. 29-294 Copyright @ 197 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 19, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. Effect of Formalin, 3-Propiolactone, Merthiolate, and Ultraviolet Light Upon
More informationComplementation Rescue of Rous Sarcoma Virus from
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, July 1977, p. 133-141 Copyright 0 1977 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 23, No. 1 Printed in U.S.A. Complementation Rescue of Rous Sarcoma Virus from Transformed Mammalian Cells
More informationQuantitative Assay of Paravaccinia Virus Based
APPrU MICROBIOLOGY, JUly 1972, p. 138-142 Copyright 1972 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 24, No. 1 Printed in U.S.A. Quantitative Assay of Paravaccinia Virus Based on Enumeration of Inclusion-Containing
More informationRadioimmunoassay of Herpes Simplex Virus Antibody: Correlation with Ganglionic Infection
J. gen. Virol. (I977), 3 6, ~ 371-375 Printed in Great Britain 371 Radioimmunoassay of Herpes Simplex Virus Antibody: Correlation with Ganglionic Infection By B. FORGHANI, TONI KLASSEN AND J. R. BARINGER
More informationTo detect antibodies to Avian Influenza (AI) using the haemagglutination inhibition test in avian serum specimens 2.
SADC Harmonized SOP for Avian Influenza HA and HI Serological Tests Prepared by: Dr. P.V. Makaya, Dr. Joule Kangumba and Ms Delille Wessels Reviewed by Dr. P.V. Makaya 1. Purpose and scope To detect antibodies
More information(From the Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Instil/utes of Health, Bahesda, Maryland)
Published Online: 1 September, 1959 Supp Info: http://doi.org/10.1084/jem.110.3.445 Downloaded from jem.rupress.org on December 1, 2018 THE EFFECT OF CELL POPULATION DENSITY ON THE AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS
More informationDistinctive Characteristics of Crude Interferon from Virus-infected Guinea-pig Embryo Fibroblasts
J. gen. Virol. (1984), 65, 843-847. Printed in Great Britain 843 Key words: IFN/guinea-pig/acid-labile Distinctive Characteristics of Crude Interferon from Virus-infected Guinea-pig Embryo Fibroblasts
More informationTemperature-Sensitive Mutants Isolated from Hamster and
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Nov. 1975, p. 1332-1336 Copyright i 1975 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. Temperature-Sensitive Mutants Isolated from Hamster and Canine Cell Lines
More informationNuclear Extraction Kit
Nuclear Extraction Kit Catalog Number KA1346 50 assays Version: 07 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3 General Information... 4
More informationBiological Consulting Services
Biological Consulting Services of North Florida/ Inc. May 13, 2009 Aphex BioCleanse Systems, Inc. Dear Sirs, We have completed antimicrobial efficacy study on the supplied Multi-Purpose Solution. The testing
More informationTEST REPORT. Anti-viral effect of disinfectant against feline calicivirus
TEST REPORT Anti-viral effect of disinfectant against feline calicivirus 25 th October 2006 Dr Tobias J. Tuthill Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT www.fbs.leeds.ac.uk Contents
More informationAssay of Interferon Activity
Assay of Interferon Activity MXI. BALDUCCI, P. VERANI, AND D. BALDUCCI Department of Microbiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rlome, Italy Received for publication 2 January 1963 '4 ABSTRACT BALDUCCI,
More informationEVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A 7% ACCELERATED HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-BASED FORMULATION AGAINST CANINE PARVOVIRUS
Final report submitted to Virox Technologies, Inc. EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A 7% ACCELERATED HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-BASED FORMULATION AGAINST CANINE PARVOVIRUS Syed A. Sattar, M.Sc., Dip. Bact., M.S.,
More informationReagents for the Typing of Human Influenza Isolates 2011
Reagents for the Typing of Human Influenza Isolates 2011 This product was developed by the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) in its capacity as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference
More informationFACTORS INFLUENCING VARIOLA VIRUS GROWTH ON THE CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE OF EMBRYONATED EGGS
FACTORS INFLUENCING VARIOLA VIRUS GROWTH ON THE CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE OF EMBRYONATED EGGS NICHOLAS HAHON, MILTON RATNER, AND EDMUND KOZIKOWSKI U. S. Army Chemical Corps, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
More informationvirus-i (RAV-1) or Rous associated virus-2 (RAV-2), do not transform but do produce
ISOLATION OF NONINFECTIOUS PARTICLES CONTAINING ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS RNA FROM THE MEDIUM OF ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS-TRANSFORMED NONPRODUCER CELLS* BY HARRIET LATHAM ROBINSONt VIRUS LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,
More informationRecipes for Media and Solution Preparation SC-ura/Glucose Agar Dishes (20mL/dish, enough for 8 clones)
Protocol: 300 ml Yeast culture preparation Equipment and Reagents needed: Autoclaved toothpicks Shaker Incubator set at 30 C Incubator set at 30 C 60 mm 2 sterile petri dishes Autoclaved glass test tubes
More informationInduction of an Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Hemagglutination
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 1968, p. 563-568 Copyright @ 1968 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Induction of an Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Hemagglutination by Treatment
More informationThe Inactivation of Virus in Cultured Shoot Tips of Nicotiana rustica L.
J. gen. ViroL (1969), 5, 237-24I With I plate Printed in Great Britain 237 The Inactivation of Virus in Cultured Shoot Tips of Nicotiana rustica L. By D. G. A. WALKEY, JANET FITZPATRICK JUDITH M. G. WOOLFITT
More informationThe Infectious Cycle. Lecture 2 Biology W3310/4310 Virology Spring You know my methods, Watson --SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE
The Infectious Cycle Lecture 2 Biology W3310/4310 Virology Spring 2016 You know my methods, Watson --SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE The Infectious Cycle Virologists divide the infectious cycle into steps to facilitate
More informationThis product was developed by the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) in its capacity as a WHO Collaborating Centre for
This product was developed by the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) in its capacity as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, with material provided
More informationMechanism of Pock Formation by Shope Fibroma
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Sept., 1966 Copyright ( 1966 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 92, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Mechanism of Pock Formation by Shope Fibroma Virus on Monolayers of Rabbit Cells
More informationThawing MEFs (Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs)
1 FEEDER CULTURES The function of feeder cultures is to support the undifferentiated growth of hpsc. Typically primary fibroblasts are used for this purpose. We prepare our mouse feeder cells from ICR
More informationIsolation and Characterization of Defective. Disease Virus
Microbiol. Immunol. Vol. 22 (12), 775-784, 1978 Isolation and Characterization of Defective Interfering Particle of Newcastle Disease Virus Akitoshi MAEDA,1 Yasuo SUZUKI, and Makoto MATSUMOTO Department
More informationA PRELIMINARY ANTIGENIC CLASSIFICATION OF STRAINS OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume 8, Number, September, 196. The Government Printer ~ Pretoria. A PRELIMINARY ANTIGENIC CLASSIFICATION OF STRAINS OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS P. G. HOWELL, Onderstepoort
More informationIsolation of Influenza C Virus from Pigs and Experimental Infection of Pigs with Influenza C Virus
J. gen. Virol. (1983), 64, 177-182. Printed in Great Britain 177 Key words: influenza C virus/antibodies/pigs Isolation of Influenza C Virus from Pigs and Experimental Infection of Pigs with Influenza
More informationHAEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS IN FUSED CELLS
J. Cell Sci. 18, 207-216 (1975) 207 Printed in Great Britain HAEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS IN FUSED CELLS T.J.DAVIS ANDH. HARRIS Sir William Durm School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OXi 2RE, England
More informationTHE PROPAGATION OF A VIRULENT GOAT PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISM IN THE CHICK EMBRYO
THE PROPAGATION OF A VIRULENT GOAT PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISM IN THE CHICK EMBRYO RICHARD YAMAMOTO, HENRY E. ADLER, AND DONALD R. CORDY School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis,
More informationSerological studies on 40 cases of mumps virus
J Clin Pathol 1980; 33: 28-32 Serological studies on 40 cases of mumps virus infection R FREEMAN* AND MH HAMBLING From Leeds Regional Public Health Laboratory, Bridle Path, York Road, Leeds, UK SUMMARY
More informationNUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLIOVIRUS
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLIOVIRUS TYPE II, COXSACKIE B3, AND VACCINIA VIRUSES BY CONTINUOUS ANIMAL CELL CULTURES' R. L. TYNDALL AND E. H. LUDWIG Department of Bacteriology, The
More informationPathogenesis of Simian Foamy Virus Infection in Natural and Experimental Hosts
INCTION AD ImmuNrry, Sept. 1975, p. 470-474 Copyright 0 1975 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 12, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Pathogenesis of Simian Foamy Virus Infection in Natural and Experimental
More informationCELLULAR KINETICS OF THE ANTI-MRBC RESPONSE IN CHICKENS
19 CELLULAR KINETICS OF THE ANTI-MRBC RESPONSE IN CHICKENS K. Dagg, S. P. Turner and F. Seto Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma The serum hemagglutinin (HA) titers and the
More informationAdenovirus Manual 1. Table of Contents. Large Scale Prep 2. Quick MOI Test 4. Infection of MNT-1 Cells 8. Adenovirus Stocks 9
Adenovirus Manual 1 Table of Contents Large Scale Prep 2 Quick MOI Test 4 TCID 50 Titration 5 Infection of MNT-1 Cells 8 Adenovirus Stocks 9 CAUTION: Always use filter tips and bleach everything!!! Adenovirus
More informationEffect of Ammonium Salts on the Interferon-induced Antiviral State in Mouse L Cells
d. gen. Virol. 0978), 4 I, 541-547 Printed in Great Britain 541 Effect of Ammonium Salts on the Interferon-induced Antiviral State in Mouse L Cells By M. J. COMMOY-CHEVALIER, B. ROBERT-GALLIOT A C. CHANY
More informationULOMA VENERUM GROUP AND HERPES SIMPLEX UNDER GIRARDI,1. Horsfall (1940) has shown that at -70 C most viruses retain their infectivity
PRESERVATION OF VIRUSES OF THE PSITTACOSIS-LYMPHOGRAN- ULOMA VENERUM GROUP AND HERPES SIMPLEX UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF STORAGE GIRARDI,1 EMMA G. ALLEN, BEN KANEDA, ANTHONY J. T. F. McNAIR SCOTT, AND
More informationTesting Protocol Page 2 of 17 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Materials 2.1 Equipment/instrumentation 2.2 Reagents/supplies 3. Preparation for th
Page 1 of 17 United States Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratories Testing Protocol Hemagglutination-Inhibition Test for Subtype Identification of Date: June 1, 2005 Number:
More informationNuclear Extraction Kit
Nuclear Extraction Kit Item No. 10009277 www.caymanchem.com Customer Service 800.364.9897 Technical Support 888.526.5351 1180 E. Ellsworth Rd Ann Arbor, MI USA TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 3 Materials
More informationIdentification of the Virucidal Agent in Wastewater Sludge
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 1977, p. 860-864 Copyright X) 1977 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 33, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Identification of the Virucidal Agent in Wastewater Sludge
More informationProduction of Interferon Alpha by Dengue Virus-infected Human Monocytes
J. gen. Virol. (1988), 69, 445-449. Printed in Great Britain 445 Key words: IFN-ct/dengue virus/monocytes Production of Interferon Alpha by Dengue Virus-infected Human Monocytes By ICHIRO KURANE AND FRANCIS
More informationASEAN STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL VACCINES
Adopted at the 40 th AMAF 11 October 2018 Ha Noi, Viet Nam ASEAN Cooperation in Food, Agriculture and Forestry ASEAN STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL VACCINES Third Edition Li v e s t o c k Publication Series No.2A
More informationAn evaluation of two new haemagglutination tests for the rapid diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1978, 31, 1147-115 An evaluation of two new haemagglutination tests for the rapid diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases I. CAYZER, S. R. CHALMERS, D. DONIACH', AND G.
More informationC for 2 hr at 22,620 X G. The supernatant fluid. was discarded and the sediment resuspended to
SAFETY TEST FOR Q FEVER VACCINE SANFORD BERMAN, GERALD LE, JOSEPH P. LOWENTHAL, AND RAYMOND B. GOCHENOUR Department of Biologics Research, Division of Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
More informationConcentration and Purification of Influenza Virus on Insoluble Polyelectrolytes
APPEuw MicRoBIoLoGY, Apr. 1972, p. 740-744 Copyright 0 1972 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 23, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Concentration and Purification of Influenza Virus on Insoluble Polyelectrolytes
More informationViral-induced Fusion of Human Cells
Viral-induced Fusion of Human Cells I. QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE FUSION OF HUMAN DIPLOID FIBROBLASTS INDUCED BY SENDAI VIRUS lt2 ANTONIO VELAZQUEZ,3 FRANCIS E. PA- AND ROBERT S. KROOTH Department of
More informationLarge Scale Infection for Pooled Screens of shrna libraries
Last modified 01/11/09 Large Scale Infection for Pooled Screens of shrna libraries Biao Luo, Glenn Cowley, Michael Okamoto, Tanaz Sharifnia This protocol can be further optimized if cells being used are
More informationPhosphate buffered saline (PBS) for washing the cells TE buffer (nuclease-free) ph 7.5 for use with the PrimePCR Reverse Transcription Control Assay
Catalog # Description 172-5080 SingleShot Cell Lysis Kit, 100 x 50 µl reactions 172-5081 SingleShot Cell Lysis Kit, 500 x 50 µl reactions For research purposes only. Introduction The SingleShot Cell Lysis
More informationREAGENTS FOR THE TYPING OF HUMAN INFLUENZA ISOLATES 2017
REAGENTS FOR THE TYPING OF HUMAN INFLUENZA ISOLATES 2017 This product was developed by the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) in its capacity as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference
More informationIn vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum
Chapter 2 In vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum In vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum 2.1 INTRODUCTION Malaria represents the world s greatest public health problem in terms of number of
More informationElectron Microscope Observations on a Virus Transmissible from Pinnipeds to Swine
J. gen. Virol. (I977), 36, 221-225 Printed in Great Britain 22I Electron Microscope Observations on a Virus Transmissible from Pinnipeds to Swine (Accepted 8 March I977) SUMMARY Evidence from immunological
More informationTransfection of Sf9 cells with recombinant Bacmid DNA
Transposition Bacmid DNA Mini Culturing baculo cells Transfection of Sf9 cells with recombinant Bacmid DNA Amplification of the virus Titration of baculo stocks Testing the expression Transposition 1.
More informationEstablishment of a Nonproductive Herpes Simplex Virus
INFECTION AND IMMUNrrY, July 1975, p, 128-133 Copyright 0 1975 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 12, No. 1. Printed in U.SA. Establishment of a Nonproductive Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Rabbit
More informationTrident Membrane Protein Extraction Kit
Cat. No. Size Shelf life GTX16373 5/ 20 tests 12 months at the appropriate storage temperatures (see below) Contents Component Storage Amount for 5 tests Amount for 20 tests Buffer A -20 o C 2.5 ml 10
More informationSIMPLEX INFECTIONS A COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST FOR HERPES. specific complement fixation with herpes by using an immune guinea-pig serum
J. clin. Path. (1950), 3, 239. A COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST FOR HERPES SIMPLEX INFECTIONS BY From the Department of Clinical Pathology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, and the
More informationAntiviral Action of Mouse Interferon
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Jan., 1966 Copyright 1966 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 91, No. I Printed in U.S.A. Antiviral Action of Mouse Interferon in Heterologous Cells1 CHARLES E. BUCKLER AND
More informationEffects of Cell Culture and Laboratory Conditions on Type 2 Dengue Virus Infectivity
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1979, p. 235-239 0095-1137/79/08-0235/05$02.00/0 Vol. 10, No. 2 Effects of Cell Culture and Laboratory Conditions on Type 2 Dengue Virus Infectivity JARUE S. MANNING*
More informationCHAPTER 4 IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 4 IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES Nitroblue Tetrazolium Chloride (NBT) Reduction test NBT reduction test was evaluated by employing the method described by Hudson and Hay,1989 based upon principle that
More information