Ebola Virus Disease. What the physician needs to know. (Overview, Transmission and Clinical Features)
|
|
- Lee Fitzgerald
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Ebola Virus Disease What the physician needs to know (Overview, Transmission and Clinical Features) Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines ( and WHO guidelines for Ebola Virus Disease ( with contributions from Dr. Asha Abraham, Professor and Dr. Shoba Mammen, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Virology, CMC Vellore BACKGROUND Ebola Virus Disease (formerly called Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever) is an acute, serious, infectious illness which is often fatal (average case fatality rate of around 50%) if untreated. It is caused by the Ebola virus that belongs to the family Filoviridae. There are 5 species that have been identified: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Reston and Taï Forest. The virus causing the 2014 West African outbreak belongs to the Zaire species. These viruses are classified as Biosafety Level 4 or Risk Group 4 pathogens since they cause severe human disease have no specific antiviral therapy and for which specific preventive interventions are not available. This group of pathogens poses a serious hazard to workers and presents a high risk of spreading to the community. Ebola virus disease (EVD) was reported first in 1976 when there were 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Sudan, and the other in Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name. Since then there have been multiple outbreaks, but the current outbreak in West Africa is the largest and most complex. There have been more cases and deaths in this outbreak than all others combined. The most severely affected countries are Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Researchers from the New England Journal of Medicine have traced the current outbreak to a two year old toddler who died in December 2013 in Meliandou, a small village in south-eastern Guinea. The disease has since then spread to other African countries like Mali, Senegal and Nigeria. Cases have been reported in Spain, United Kingdom and USA. On August 8, 2014, the WHO Director-General declared this outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The human cost of EVD The current outbreak in West Africa, which began in March 2014, has exacted a significant toll in terms of human lives, suffering and economic devastation as the most affected countries also happen to be some of the poorest countries in the world. These countries -Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia have very weak health systems and lack adequate human and infrastructural resources, having only recently emerged from long periods of civil war and instability. Statistics in the most affected countries (Case counts from updated last on7 th Jan 2015) The number of cases has stabilized in Liberia, but is still No. of Deaths cases Guinea Sierra Leone Liberia CMI 13:1 3 Total Jan 2015
2 rising in Guinea and Sierra Leone. The economic cost of EVD The economic damage wreaked by the EVD on the West African countries has been estimated by the World Bank considering two scenarios: a low impact one in which the disease is rapidly contained and a high impact one in which it is contained only slowly. The estimated economic cost under these two scenarios ranges from $1.6 billion to $25 billion over time. By way of comparison, the economy of Liberia produces a little less than $2 billion a year and that of Sierra Leone under $5 billion a year. The human and economic devastation along with the nature of the illness (its staggeringly high case-fatality rate, highly infectious nature and the fact that there is no cure) have ensured that it has captured international headlines. Several international organizations have joined together to contain this outbreak and experimental therapies are being developed. Some of these therapies have shown promise and the race is on to produce a vaccine. Key facts The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Ebola only spreads when the patient is sick and manifests symptoms. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. There is as yet no licensed treatment or vaccine but a range of blood, immunological and drug therapies are under development. TRANSMISSION OF EBOLA VIRUS Natural reservoir: The natural reservoir of EBOV is not completely understood. Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are thought to be the natural Ebola virus hosts. Infection in humans occurs through contact with infected animals such as fruit bats or primates (apes and monkeys). Human to human transmission: Ebola then spreads through human-tohuman transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these CMI 13:1 4 Jan 2015
3 fluids. The virus is present in high quantity in blood, body fluids, and excreta of symptomatic EVD-infected patients. Modes of human-to-human transmission Direct contact (through broken skin or unprotected mucous membranes) with an EVD-infected patient s blood or body fluids Sharps injury (with EVD-contaminated needle or other sharp) Direct contact with the corpse of a person who died of EVD Indirect contact with an EVD-infected patient s blood or body fluids via a contaminated object (soiled linens or used utensils) Ebola is generally not spread through air, water or by food. There is no evidence that mosquitoes or other insects can transmit EBOV. Health-care workers are particularly vulnerable while treating patients with suspected or confirmed EVD when infection control precautions are not strictly practiced. Burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased person can also play a role in the transmission of Ebola. People remain infectious as long as their blood and body fluids, including semen and breast milk, contain the virus. Men who have recovered from the disease can still transmit the virus through their semen for up to 7 weeks after recovery from illness. Key facts - Transmission of EVD Infected persons are not contagious until onset of symptoms Infectiousness of body fluids (e.g., viral load) increases as patient becomes more ill Remains from deceased infected persons are highly infectious Gg Human-to-human transmission of Ebola virus via inhalation (aerosols) has not been demonstrated CMI 13:1 5 Jan 2015
4 PREVENTION AND CONTROL Community involvement is vital for successfully controlling outbreaks. Raising awareness of risk factors for Ebola infection and protective measures that individuals can take is an effective way to reduce human transmission. Risk reduction should focus on several factors: 1. Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human transmission 2. Reducing the risk of human-to-human transmission from direct or close contact with people with Ebola symptoms, particularly with their bodily fluids. 3.Outbreak containment measures including prompt and safe burial of the dead, identifying people who may have been in contact with someone infected with Ebola, monitoring the health of contacts for 21 days, the importance of separating the healthy from the sick to prevent further spread, the importance of good hygiene and maintaining a clean environment. Keys to good outbreak control * Proper case management * Surveillance and contact tracing * Good laboratory service, * Safe burials and * Social mobilisation. Direct entry into tissues: Ebola virus infects many different cell types (usually macrophages and dendritic cells first) after entering the body. The virus then replicates within these cells, causing their necrosis and the release of large numbers of new viral particles into extracellular fluid. Host inflammatory response: In addition to causing extensive tissue damage, Ebola virus also induces a systemic inflammatory syndrome by inducing the release of cytokines, chemokines, and other proinflammatory mediators from macrophages and other cells. This inflammatory response results in a cascade of dysfunction in other systems and is responsible for many of the clinical features. Immune dysregulation: The infection results in the failure of adaptive immunity by disabling antigen-specific immune responses. There is PATHOGENESIS: There are two viral glycoprotein groups one group binds to and disintegrates sentinel cells. The other group shuts down the immune system s ability to produce interferons which act as potent virus killers. impairment of dendritic cell function and lymphocyte apoptosis. This may explain how the virus is able to cause a severe, frequently fatal illness. Hypovolemia and vascular collapse: Two factors may be involved in the development of hypovolemia and vascular collapse (1) fluid depletion due to vomiting and diarrhea, which can result in acute volume depletion and (2) circulating cytokines that are a part of the inflammatory host response. The gastrointestinal dysfunction and diffuse vascular leak ultimately leads to multi-organ failure. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and coagulopathy: The coagulation defects seen in Ebola virus disease develop rapidly and are often severe. They appear to be induced indirectly, through the host inflammatory response. CMI 13:1 6 Jan 2015
5 CASE DEFINITIONS: Person Under Investigation (PUI) A person who has both consistent signs or symptoms and risk factors as follows: 1. Elevated body temperature or subjective fever or symptoms, including severe headache, fatigue, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or unexplained hemorrhage; AND 2. An epidemiological risk factor within the 21 days before the onset of symptoms. (For epidemiological risk factors, refer CDC guidelines Confirmed Case Laboratory-confirmed diagnostic evidence of Ebola virus infection. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Signs and symptoms: Symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola, but the average is 8 to 10 days. Initial: Fever, chills, myalgia, malaise, anorexia Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive After 5 days: GI symptoms, such as nausea, clinical care and the patient s immune response. vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain People who recover from Ebola infection develop Other: Headache, conjunctivitis, hiccups, rash, chest antibodies that last for at least 10 years. pain, shortness of breath, confusion, seizures Hemorrhagic symptoms (bleeding and bruising) in Early Clinical Presentation 18% of cases. Onset of disease: The onset is acute - typically 8 Ebola can spread to others only after the person 10 days after exposure (range 2 21 days) becomes sick i.e., after symptoms appear. Once people recover from Ebola, they can no longer spread the virus to the community. CMI 13:1 7 Jan 2015
6 Box 1: Clinical Features by organ systems Clinical Course Nonspecific early symptoms may progress to: Hypovolemic shock and multi-organ failure Hemorrhagic disease Death Non-fatal cases typically improve 6 11 days after symptoms onset. Fatal disease is usually associated with more severe early symptoms. Fatality rates of 70% have been reported in rural Africa. Intensive care, especially early intravenous and electrolyte management, may increase the survival rate. LABORATORY FINDINGS Thrombocytopenia (50, ,000 / ml range) Leukopenia followed by neutrophilia Transaminase elevation: elevation serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST) > alanine transferase (ALT) Electrolyte abnormalities Coagulation: PT and PTT prolonged Renal: proteinuria, increased creatinine Time line of infection Diagnostic tests available Within a few days of start of symptoms Antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay testing Later in disease course or after recovery IgM (as early as 6 days) and IgG antibodies Retrospectively in deceased patients Immunohistochemistry testing PCR Virus isolation CLINICAL CASE MANAGEMENT There is no specific curative therapy. Management is supportive, but has to be aggressive. Supportive care includes management of the following: 1. Hypovolemia and sepsis Aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation Hemodynamic support and critical care management if necessary 2. Electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities Aggressive electrolyte repletion Correction of acid-base derangements CMI 13:1 8 Jan 2015
7 3. Symptomatic management of fever and gastrointestinal symptoms Avoid NSAIDS (they can worsen bleeding) Multisystem organ failure can develop and may require Oxygenation and mechanical ventilation Correction of severe coagulopathy Renal replacement therapy INVESTIGATIONAL THERAPIES There are at present, no approved Ebola-specific prophylaxis or treatment. Ribavirin has no in-vitro or in-vivo effect on Ebola virus. Treatment options in development with limited human clinical trial data include: Convalescent serum (serum from infected persons who have survived the infection) Therapeutic agents Two antiviral agents, favipiravir and brincidofovir have anti-ebola virus activity and have been used with patients with Ebola. Ebola specific agents in development include Zmapp (a combination of human monoclonal antibodies), TKM-Ebola (a short interfering RNA molecule), phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers and BCX4430 (a nucleoside analogue). Zmapp (produced in tobacco plants) is a cocktail of three monoclonal CLINICAL MANAGEMENT SUPPORTIVE BUT AGGRESSIVE Ebola Virus Disease antibodies targeting the Ebola virus surface lipoprotein and had been successfully tried in patients with Ebola. Vaccines in clinical trial Chimpanzee-derived adenovirus with an Ebola virus gene inserted Attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus with an Ebola virus gene inserted Prognosis and recovery: There is a high case fatality rate. The case-fatality rate in the 2014 Ebola outbreak is around 50-71%. Casefatality rate is much lower if there is access to intensive care. Patients who survive often have signs of clinical improvement by the second week of illness Recovery is associated with the development of virus-specific antibodies. Antibody with neutralizing activity against Ebola persists greater than 12 years after infection. Prolonged convalescence Includes arthralgia, myalgia, abdominal pain, extreme fatigue, and anorexia- many symptoms resolve by 21 months Significant arthralgia and myalgia may persist for >21 months Skin sloughing and hair loss has also been reported. The Ebola outbreak in West Africa is unlike anything since the emergence of HIV/Aids, according to Thomas Frieden, director of the CDC, Atlanta. It is a highly infectious disease and because of this, health care workers dressed in space-suit-like coverings have to take pains to make sure there is absolutely no skin contact with the patients they are caring for. Burial of the deceased also has to be a strictly sanitized no-touch affair. Perhaps it is this aspect of the disease- the fact that it deprives the sufferer of human touch, that makes it particularly miserable and poignant. Kent Brantly, an American physician who contracted the illness while taking care of patients called it a terrible, dignity-stripping disease. Several international organizations like the WHO, CDC and the MSF (Medecins Sans Frontieres) as well as other smaller groups have joined in the fight against this deadly illness and have made significant progress in containing its spread. Because of its low reproductive rate, the epidemic had been thankfully slow-growing and although a measure of control has been obtained, it is far from finished. CMI 13:1 9 Jan 2015
Media centre Ebola virus disease
1 of 6 10/15/2014 10:59 AM Media centre Ebola virus disease Fact sheet N 103 Updated September 2014 Key facts Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal
More informationEbola Virus Transmission
Ebola Virus Zoonotic virus bats the most likely reservoir, although species unknown Spillover event from infected wild animals (e.g., fruit bats, monkey, duiker) to humans, followed by human-human transmission
More informationEbola Virus Patient Advisory
22 September 2014 Ebola Virus Patient Advisory Introduction Ebola virus was first identified in Sudan and Zaire in 1976. It belongs to the family of Filoviridae. It causes Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), formerly
More informationGenus Ebolavirus is 1 of 3 members of the Filoviridae family (filovirus), along with genus Marburgvirus and genus Cuevavirus.
EBOLA VIRUS Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe, often fatal illness, with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. It is one of the world s most virulent diseases.the infection is transmitted by direct contact
More informationUTSW/BioTel EMS TRAINING BULLETIN October EMS TB Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
UTSW/BioTel EMS TRAINING BULLETIN October 2014 EMS TB 14-006 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Purpose: 1. To inform & provide management recommendations to UTSW/BioTel EMS System EMS Providers about Ebola Virus
More information12 June The average EVD case fatality rate has been around 50 per cent.
12 June 2015 Ebola virus was first identified in Sudan and Zaire in 1976. It belongs to the family of Filoviridae. It causes Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever. EVD is
More informationEbola Virus Disease (EVD) Essential information
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Essential information Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Origins The Ebola virus is named after the Ebola River in what was Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo) where the first outbreak
More informationsaipem Ebola virus diseases EVD August 2014
Ebola virus diseases EVD August 2014 Why Ebola generates such fear? Ebola is one of the world's most deadly diseases. It can kill up to 90% of people who developed Ebola virus disease. There is not treatment
More informationEBOLA. Harford County Health Department October 22, 2014
EBOLA Harford County Health Department October 22, 2014 Zaire ebolvirus The 2014 Ebola outbreak concerns the most deadly of the five Ebola viruses, Zaire ebolvirus, which has killed 79 percent of the people
More informationThe Ebola Virus. By Emilio Saavedra
The Ebola Virus By Emilio Saavedra Etiological Agents: Ebolavirus is the etiologic agent. [1] There are four main families of viruses that are agents of Ebola (hemorrhagic fever). [1] These four families
More informationQuestions and Answers on Ebola
Updated: August 26, 2014 The 2014 Ebola outbreak is the largest Ebola outbreak in history and the first in West Africa. The current outbreak is affecting four countries in West Africa: Guinea, Liberia,
More informationEDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES WITH GLOBAL IMPACT
Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain FREE CME/CMLE credits click on Earn CE Credits under Continuing Education on
More informationEbola Virus Disease: the Facts, Response & the Way Forward. Dr. Abraham Idokoko Ebola Emergency Operations Centre (EEOC), Lagos.
Ebola Virus Disease: the Facts, Response & the Way Forward. Dr. Abraham Idokoko Ebola Emergency Operations Centre (EEOC), Lagos. 2 Yearly trend of Emergence of New Infectious Diseases Globally, an average
More informationMarburg virus disease
Marburg virus disease Fact sheet available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_marburg/en/ Updated 20 October 2017 Key facts Marburg virus disease (MVD), formerly known as Marburg haemorrhagic
More informationEbola Virus Disease. Global Epidemiology and Surveillance in Hong Kong. as of 13 August 2014
Ebola Virus Disease Global Epidemiology and Surveillance in Hong Kong as of 13 August 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Ebola virus disease (EVD), (formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever) is a severe,
More informationEbola Epidemic in Coastal West Africa Overall Situation
Ebola Epidemic in Coastal West Africa Overall Situation Report given at Caritas Internationalis Briefing Meeting 05 November 2014 Dr and Deacon Timothy Flanigan MD Professor of Medicine and Infectious
More informationKey Points Ebola Virus Disease, West Africa Newly updated information is indicated in red
Key Points Ebola Virus Disease, West Africa Newly updated information is indicated in red In this document: Summary Key Messages Ebola Cases and Deaths (West Africa) Ebola in U.S. Health Workers (in Liberia)
More informationSummary of current outbreak in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone
ALERT TO HEALTHCARE WORKERS: EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE OUTBREAK IN GUINEA, LIBERIA AND SIERRA LEONE, WEST AFRICA 04 April 2014 Summary of current outbreak in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone In this update and
More informationSICK? Could it be.. 2/14/2015. Chikungunya. Current Infectious Disease Challenges on the Front-Lines: Ebola and so much more
Current Infectious Disease Challenges on the Front-Lines: Ebola and so much more SICK? Could it be.. V. Leigh Beasley, MD,FAAFP (understudy to Dr. Eric Brenner) Chikungunya Symptoms usually begin 3 7 days
More informationEbola. Wessex CPD Event 14/11/14. Dr Ishani Kar-Purkayastha, CCDC, Wessex PHE Centre Tel:
Ebola Wessex CPD Event 14/11/14 Dr Ishani Kar-Purkayastha, CCDC, Wessex PHE Centre wessex@phe.gov.uk Tel: 0345 055 2022 Outline Background About the current outbreak Situation in the UK Clinical management
More informationEBOLA 101. Update for EMS System Stakeholders. Eric M. Rudnick, MD, FACEP, FAAEM Medical Director Nor Cal EMS Version 10/25/2014
EBOLA 101 Update for EMS System Stakeholders Eric M. Rudnick, MD, FACEP, FAAEM Medical Director Nor Cal EMS Version 10/25/2014 Conference 1 Version #1 Date 10/25/14 Content good for current situation 10/25/14
More informationMaking Sense Of The Ebola Virus
Fodder for young minds Making Sense Of The Ebola Virus By Meera Dolasia on September 29, 2014 CCSS NAS-6 Grades: 5-8 Word Search Every few years, a new pandemic hits the globe and sends shivers down everyone's
More informationMEEGID XII. Ebola viruses: from the wild to humans
MEEGID XII Bangkok, 11-13 December 2014 Ebola viruses: from the wild to humans Jean-Claude Piffaretti Interlifescience, Massagno, Switzerland 1. Animal viruses jumping to humans 2. Influenza virus A 3.
More informationEBOLA FACTS. During this outbreak, most of the disease has spread through human-to-human transmission.
EBOLA FACTS Ebola virus disease (formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever) is a severe and often fatal illness, with a fatality rate of up to 90%. It is one of the world s most dreaded diseases. However,
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3 EBOLA 2014 WEST AFRICA CENTRAL AND EAST AFRICA. Hosted by: Bhagavatula Ramakrishna, M.D.
Slide 1 EBOLA 2014 WEST AFRICA Hosted by: Bhagavatula Ramakrishna, M.D. Slide 2 CENTRAL AND EAST AFRICA Slide 3 Slide 4 EBOLA IN WEST AFRICA 2014 Slide 5 It is a disease of poverty and neglect of health
More informationEbola Virus Diseases
CDC/Dr F A Murphy Frequently Asked Questions on Ebola Virus Diseases Frequently asked questions on Ebola virus disease World Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. Requests for publications, or
More informationEbola: 22,000 cases, 8700 deaths. Enterovirus D68: 1100 cases, 14 deaths. Chikungunya virus: almost a million cases in the Western Hemisphere
Sally Williams MD Ebola: 22,000 cases, 8700 deaths Enterovirus D68: 1100 cases, 14 deaths Chikungunya virus: almost a million cases in the Western Hemisphere } A nonpolio enterovirus identified in 1962,
More informationPalliative Care in Ebola
Palliative Care in Ebola CHALLENGES IN DELIVERY AND EXPERIENCES FROM THE CURRENT OUTBREAK Background Ebola: filovirus from the family filoviridae Named after the Ebola River in DRC (then Zaire) where first
More informationModeling the Effects of Policy Changes on the Spread of Ebola New Mexico Final Report April 5, 2016 Team#: 112 Saturday Science and Math Academy Team
Modeling the Effects of Policy Changes on the Spread of Ebola New Mexico Final Report April 5, 2016 Team#: 112 Saturday Science and Math Academy Team Members: Joaquín Madrid Larrañaga Malcolm Tatum Teachers:
More informationVIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (VHF)
VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (VHF) REPORTING INFORMATION Class A: Report immediately via telephone the case or suspected case and/or a positive laboratory result to the local public health department where
More informationConfronting Ebola. Keeping NY patients and healthcare workers safe and healthy
Confronting Ebola Keeping NY patients and healthcare workers safe and healthy All materials provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. October 16, 2014 What You Need to Know about Ebola The
More informationCDC Ebola Response Team
Ebola Preparations from the Healthcare Epidemiologists Perspective August 25th, 2014 CDC Ebola Response Team Barbara Knust, DVM, MPH Epidemiology Team Lead Tim Uyeki, MD Clinical Team Lead Nancy Cornish,
More informationU.S. and British troops head to West Africa to help fight Ebola virus
U.S. and British troops head to West Africa to help fight Ebola virus By Los Angeles Times, adapted by Newsela staff - Sept. 09, 2014 1 2 3 4 To slow down the spread of the deadly virus Ebola, the United
More informationCIRCULAR LETTER No
CIRCULAR LETTER No 06-204 0.0.203 To: MASTER CREW MEMBERS 07 th August, 204 URGENT Due to the serious nature of the outbreak of the Ebola virus in West Africa, the following 5 safe precautions to be strictly
More informationU.S. CDC s Response to the Ebola Outbreak
U.S. CDC s Response to the Ebola Outbreak CAPSCA Global Meeting Cairo, Egypt November 17-19, 2014 Susan Lippold, MD, MPH Ebola Response, Global Migration Task Force Division of Global Migration and Quarantine
More informationEBOLA INFORMATION KIT 20 to 26 October 2014 MEMBERS NEWS HUNTING SERVICES FUND LEGISLATION CALENDAR GENERAL SHOP POPULAR ARTICLES
HOME ABOUT PHASA MEMBERS NEWS HUNTING SERVICES FUND LEGISLATION CALENDAR GENERAL SHOP DOWNLOAD: PROFESSIONAL HUNTER STATUS SECTION 16A (click to download) DOWNLOADS NEWSLETTERS F.A.Q TWITTER FACEBOOK Home
More informationThe presenter has no potential or actual conflicts of interest and no relevant financial relationships to maters regarding or related to Ebola.
Leonard A. Levy, DPM, MPH Associate Dean of Research and Innovation Director, Institute for Disaster and Emergency Preparedness Professor of Public Health/Family Medicine/Biomedical Informatics Nova Southeastern
More informationEBOLA & OTHER VIRUSES IN THE NEWS EBOLA VIRUS, CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS, & ENTEROVIRUS D68
EBOLA & OTHER VIRUSES IN THE NEWS EBOLA VIRUS, CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS, & ENTEROVIRUS D68 PRESENTERS Patricia Quinlisk, MD, MPH, Medical Director /State Epidemiologist Samir Koirala, MBBS, MSc Epidemic Intelligence
More informationWHO SOUTHERN SUDAN HEALTH UPDATE May 2004
WHO SOUTHERN SUDAN HEALTH UPDATE SPECIAL EDITION: EBOLA Ebola outbreak confirmed in Yambio, Western Equatoria World Health Organization leads international response team to contain the outbreak Photo by:
More informationEbola Virus Disease: Occupational Safety and Health
Ebola Virus Disease: Occupational Safety and Health Joint WHO/ILO Briefing Note for Workers and Employers 25 August 2014 (update 5 September 2014) This briefing note is based on the existing WHO and ILO
More informationEBOLA VIRUS Guidance for Michigan local health departments and healthcare providers
EBOLA VIRUS Guidance for Michigan local health departments and healthcare providers VERSION 2 Interim Guidelines for Evaluation of US Patients Suspected of Having Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) This is a rapidly
More informationStatements about Ebola: True or false? Part 1 Commented version for trainers only!
Statements about Ebola: True or false? Part 1 Commented version for trainers only! The questions and answers are designed to revise key messages of the training. If necessary, you may adapt the questions
More informationViral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications/ncrr_reporter/summer-fall2009/images/essential_2.jpg Definition Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) refer to a group of illnesses that are
More informationEBOLA VIRUS AWARENESS
EBOLA VIRUS AWARENESS Yvonne S. Butler, MD Assistant Professor; Obstetrics and Gynecology Global Women s Health Program Liberia Chevron-Liberia / BIPAI Partnership Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children
More informationTRAVEL ADVISORY TO PREVENT THE IMPORTATION OF EBOLA INTO SOUTH AFRICA
TRAVEL ADVISORY TO PREVENT THE IMPORTATION OF EBOLA INTO SOUTH AFRICA The purpose of this advisory is to notify travellers about the Ebola disease outbreak and inform them about preventative measures they
More informationEbola Outbreak deadly infectious diseases as a potential major threat. Dilys Morgan
Ebola Outbreak deadly infectious diseases as a potential major threat Dilys Morgan Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) 1976: First documented outbreak in Zaïre (now: the Democratic Republic of Congo) The incubation
More informationFigure 1: Ebola Virus strengthens the framework for a scaled-up response.
A n insight into ebola virus The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa continues to escalate, with 2615 cases and 1427 deaths reported from Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Extensive
More informationEbola Virus Disease(EVD)
Yemeni International Congress of Infectious Diseases 16-18 December 2014 University of Science & Technology Hospital Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Ebola Virus Disease(EVD) Presented by: Dr Ahmed
More informationCase study: Epidemic modelling in real life
Case study: Epidemic modelling in real life Epidemic modelling, simulation and statistical analysis Stockholm 2015. Sharon Kühlmann-Berenzon 2015-11-09 Outline for the day 1.Epidemic modelling: what is
More informationEpidemic Ebola Virus Disease Understanding, demystifying and controlling a frightening disease Republic of Guinea, 2014
Epidemic Ebola Virus Disease Understanding, demystifying and controlling a frightening disease Republic of Guinea, 2014 James A. Zingeser, DVM, MPH Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Rome, Italy
More informationEMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES DISCLOSURES EMERGING NONE
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES DISCLOSURES NONE EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES New, re-emerging, or drug-resistant infections whose incidence: threatens to increase in humans has increased within the past
More informationEpidemiology of Lassa Fever
Epidemiology of Lassa Fever Njideka E. Kanu Department of Community Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo A lecture delivered at the Academic Seminar of University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, 14
More informationTRAVEL ADVISORY TO PREVENT THE IMPORTATION OF EBOLA INTO SOUTH AFRICA
TRAVEL ADVISORY TO PREVENT THE IMPORTATION OF EBOLA INTO SOUTH AFRICA The purpose of this advisory is to notify travellers about the Ebola disease outbreak and inform them about preventative measures they
More informationNews in Review December 2014 Teacher Resource Guide EBOLA: A Deadly Virus Outbreak
News in Review December 2014 Teacher Resource Guide EBOLA: A Deadly Virus Outbreak Note to Teachers The classroom must promote a safe place for students to discuss sensitive issues such as illness and
More informationInformation for Primary Care: Managing patients who require assessment for Ebola virus disease Updated 17 Oct 2014
Information for Primary Care: Managing patients who require assessment for Ebola virus This guidance is aimed at clinical staff undertaking direct patient care in primary care, including GP surgeries,
More informationGOAL. Disclosure. Objectives 11/12/2014. Epi 101: Basic Epidemiological Definitions and Principles for Non-Epidemiologists
Epi 101: Basic Epidemiological Definitions and Principles for Non-Epidemiologists Anil T. Mangla., MS., PhD., PHD., FRIPH Assistant Director, San Antonio Metro Health Associate Adjunct Professor University
More informationPREVENTION AND CONTROL OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE: LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE WEST AFRICAN EXPERIENCE
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE: LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE WEST AFRICAN EXPERIENCE Presented at NAATs Regional Conference Opening Ceremony, UNIOSUN 2015. Conclusion Outline Prevalence and pattern
More informationThe Struggle with Infectious Disease. Lecture 5
The Struggle with Infectious Disease Lecture 5 Tropical Diseases Life and infectious disease began in the rift valley/rain forest of Eastern Africa Peoples migrated North to temperate regions Tropical
More informationEBOLA. Christina Liscynesky, MD Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Associate Medical Director of Epidemiology
EBOLA Christina Liscynesky, MD Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Associate Medical Director of Epidemiology Sudan - June 27, 1976 Nazra Township Cotton factory storekeeper
More informationInfectious Disease Outbreaks in confined spaces
Infectious Disease Outbreaks in confined spaces Dr Andrew Ebringer Senior Medical Director, Medical Services - Australia International SOS 1 2013 AEA International Holdings Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.
More informationE L S. Ebola and Zika Viruses. No Exams, Just Learning! Course # Contact Hour. Material Valid Through September 2020 A NATIONAL EPIDEMIC
Ebola and Zika Viruses Course # 626 1 Contact Hour Author: James R. Wittenauer II, RN, MSN, MPA, RN-BC Material Valid Through September 2020 Copyright 2017 J.L. Keefer All rights reserved Published by
More informationDr. Johnmark Opondo MB. ChB. (Nairobi UON), MPH ( Emory) Deputy Medical Health Officer Saskatoon Health Region
Dr. Johnmark Opondo MB. ChB. (Nairobi UON), MPH ( Emory) Deputy Medical Health Officer Saskatoon Health Region OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the basic science behind EVD 2. To review the issues behind the
More informationVirology and clinical aspects of EVD. ID and PH Forum 13 Aug 2014
Virology and clinical aspects of EVD ID and PH Forum 13 Aug 2014 Virology Filoviruses First recognized in 1967 Non-segmented, negative-sense, singlestranded RNA viruses 5 different species (the Zaire,
More informationEbola Exposure (Version )
Ebola Exposure (Version 10-28-14) Pediatric Office-Hours Version DEFINITION Exposure to a person with suspected or proven Ebola Travel to or living in an area with recent cases of Ebola. These are countries
More informationPartners In Health from Origins to Ebola: Lessons Learned from Haiti. Cate Oswald, MPH Senior Program Officer, Haiti Partners In Health
Partners In Health from Origins to Ebola: Lessons Learned from Haiti Cate Oswald, MPH Senior Program Officer, Haiti Partners In Health Cange, 1984 Cange, 2006 Investing in Cange Finding the right partners
More informationEbola. WRAIR- GEIS 'Operational Clinical Infectious Disease' Course UNCLASSIFIED
WRAIR- GEIS 'Operational Clinical Infectious Disease' Course UNCLASSIFIED Acknowledgments COL Arthur Lyons COL Mark Kortepeter Disclaimer The views expressed in this presentation are those of the speaker
More informationCreate the Following Chart in your notebook. Fill in as you go through each one.
Diseases of Africa Create the Following Chart in your notebook. Fill in as you go through each one. History of disease? Affected Population? How do you catch the disease? Symptoms? Prevention / Treatment?
More informationViral Hemorrhagic Fevers CDC, AFIP
CDC, AFIP Diverse group of illnesses caused by RNA viruses from 4 families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviridae Differ by geographic occurrence and vector/reservoir Share certain clinical
More informationEbola virus: Awareness about the disease and personal protective measures among junior doctors of a tertiary hospital in Delhi, India
Original Article Ebola virus: Awareness about the disease and personal protective measures among junior doctors of a tertiary hospital in Delhi, India Shailaja Daral, Sunil Kumar Singh, Anita Khokhar Department
More informationDistribution: As Appendix 1 Dr Ruth Hussey, Chief Medical Officer, Welsh Government Date: 10 October Ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa
Public Health Link From the Chief Medical Officer for Wales Distribution: As Appendix 1 From: Dr Ruth Hussey, Chief Medical Officer, Welsh Government Date: 10 October 2014 Reference: Category: Title: What
More informationLa risposta immune all infezione da virus ebola. Chiara Agrati, PhD
La risposta immune all infezione da virus ebola Chiara Agrati, PhD Pathogenetic mechanisms This virus infection is able to: - disable the immune system, preventing an effective protective immune response
More informationA BSL-1 lab houses activities that require only standard microbial practices. These include:
BSL-1 A BSL-1 lab houses activities that require only standard microbial practices. These include: Work should be performed on an open lab bench or table Spills must be decontaminated immediately Infectious
More informationPROFESSOR DAME SALLY C DAVIES CHIEF MEDICAL OFFICER CHIEF SCIENTIFIC ADVISER
Richmond House 79 Whitehall London SW1A 2NS Tel: +44 (0)20 7210 4850 http://www.info.doh.gov.uk/contactus.nsf/memo?openform 7 October 2014 For Action General Practitioners, England Accident and Emergency
More informationGrace Kubin, Ph.D. 10 th Annual Alabama Laboratory Meeting 2015
Grace Kubin, Ph.D. 10 th Annual Alabama Laboratory Meeting 2015 Viral hemorrhagic fever Member of Filoviridae family Ebolavirus genera: Zaire 50-90% fatality rate Sudan 50% fatality rate Bundibugyo 30%
More informationWhat s new in Infectious Diseases. Petronella Adomako, MD Infectious Disease Specialist Mckay-Dee Hospital
What s new in Infectious Diseases Petronella Adomako, MD Infectious Disease Specialist Mckay-Dee Hospital None Disclosures Objectives New information in infectious diseases. New diseases and outbreaks.
More informationUNICEF s Response to the Ebola Crisis. Presenta(on to the Execu(ve Board, Informal Session, 11 September 2014
UNICEF s Response to the Ebola Crisis Presenta(on to the Execu(ve Board, Informal Session, 11 September 2014 Overview Over 2,200+ deaths and over 4,200 confirmed / probable cases in Guinea, Sierra Leone,
More informationWHO: Forum Issue #02 Student Officer Position:
WHO: Topic B Forum : World Health Organization Issue #02 : Topic B: Preparing for a Global Health Crisis Student Officer : Samantha Portillo Position: Chair of the United Nations World Health Organization
More informationProvider Health & Safety Alert Ebola Virus Disease September 30, 2014
Provider Health & Safety Alert Ebola Virus Disease September 30, 2014 With the announcement of the first confirmed case of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Dallas Texas, there could be interactions with individuals
More informationChapter 2 Hepatitis B Overview
Chapter 2 Hepatitis B Overview 23 24 This page intentionally left blank. HEPATITIS B OVERVIEW Hepatitis B Virus The hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family and is known to cause both
More informationCE Unit. Viruses and Vaccines
CE Unit Viruses and Vaccines DO NOT WRITE What is a virus? Have you ever had a virus? What is a vaccine? How is a virus different from bacteria? What are the deadliest viruses? 10. Dengue fever 50 million
More informationEbola Preparedness Protocols. Carole DuPerre, RN, BSN, CIC Maine Medical Center Department of Epidemiology and Infection Prevention May 14, 2014
Ebola Preparedness Protocols Carole DuPerre, RN, BSN, CIC Maine Medical Center Department of Epidemiology and Infection Prevention May 14, 2014 The story of the origin of the Ebola Virus Ebola Virus Disease
More informationHIBA ABDALRAHIM Capsca Focal Point Public Health Authority
HIBA ABDALRAHIM Capsca Focal Point Public Health Authority Introduction Definition Symptom Transmission Global situation Local situation Control Content Introduction Yellow fever (YF) is a mosquito-borne
More informationMarburg and Lassa viruses ศาสตราจารย ดร.พ ไลพ นธ พ ธว ฒนะ
Marburg and Lassa viruses ศาสตราจารย ดร.พ ไลพ นธ พ ธว ฒนะ ศ นย ความร วมม อการว จ ยไข หว ดใหญ ภาคว ชาจ ลช วว ทยา คณะแพทยศาสตร ศ ร ราชพยาบาล มหาว ทยาล ยมห ดล Situation analysis of laboratory based surveillance
More informationOUR COMMUNITY: OUR WORLD: ONE HEALTH. Ebola : Geomedicine Conference
OUR COMMUNITY: OUR WORLD: ONE HEALTH Ebola 2013-14: Geomedicine Conference Early Geomedicine East Africa, El Nino 1997 RVF: A One Health Response Ecological prediction models Animal vaccination Human
More informationYellow fever. Key facts
From: http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever WHO/E. Soteras Jalil Yellow fever 14 March 2018 Key facts Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected
More informationInfection Control Handout
Modes of Transmission Contact Routes Direct Contact Transmission Indirect Contact Transmission Droplet Transmission Indirect contact contamination Clothes Soiled bed linen Personal care products Personal
More informationEbola Epidemic. The largest epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) was experienced between December 2013
Surname 1 Name Instructor Course Date Ebola Epidemic The largest epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) was experienced between December 2013 and April 2016 where it recorded more than 28,000 cases with
More informationEbola. September 30, 2014 by Bill O'Grady, Kaisa Stucke of Confluence Investment Management
Ebola September 30, 2014 by Bill O'Grady, Kaisa Stucke of Confluence Investment Management Last week marked six months since the Ebola outbreak was identified in the African country of Guinea. The current
More informationAcute respiratory illness This is a disease that typically affects the airways in the nose and throat (the upper respiratory tract).
Influenza glossary Adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US https://www.cdc.gov/flu/glossary/index.htm and the World Health Organization http://www.wpro.who.int/emerging_diseases/glossary_rev_sept28.pdf?ua=1
More informationUPDATE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015
UPDATE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015 William Schaffner, MD Professor of Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Policy Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
More informationAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) By Jennifer Osita Disease The disease I am studying is AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) which is when the immune system is too weak to fight off many
More informationViral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) By : Assis. Prof Nader Alaridah MD, PhD
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) By : Assis. Prof Nader Alaridah MD, PhD Overview Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses. Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae,
More informationSJCEMSC EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE RESPONSE GUIDELINE
SJCEMSC EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE RESPONSE GUIDELINE KEY POINTS Ebola Facts: Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by one of five different Ebola viruses. Four of the strains can cause severe illness in
More informationThe Fear Factor. Inter-American Development Bank. A Back-Of-The-Envelope Calculation On the Economic Risk of An Ebola Scare In The Caribbean
Inter-American Development Bank Country Department Caribbean Group POLICY BRIEF No. IDB-PB-237 The Fear Factor A Back-Of-The-Envelope Calculation On the Economic Risk of An Ebola Scare In The Caribbean
More informationHEALTH SERVICES POLICY & PROCEDURE MANUAL
PAGE 1 of 5 PURPOSE To provide guidelines on the treatment and care of patients with Hepatitis. POLICY Hepatitis is an injury to hepatic cells and an inflammatory process in the liver. The major causes
More informationWest Nile Fever. F. Karup Pedersen 2012
F. Karup Pedersen 2012 West Nile virus first isolated 1937 in West Nile district, Uganda Japanese encephalitis reconvalescens serum could neutralize West Nile virus Virus antigenically related to Japanese
More informationEbola Vaccines and Vaccination
Ebola Vaccines and Vaccination Report of the SAGE Working Group on Ebola Vaccines and Vaccination with provisional recommendations for vaccination September 30, 2015 SECTION C: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
More informationFever virus going around 2017
Fever virus going around 2017 Bad cough that won't quit part of winter virus going around. by LIZ BONIS, WKRC. Monday, December 25th 2017. June 9, 2017. Every time May and June roll around these viruses
More informationAn Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Fever in Africa
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Case Studies in Applied Epidemiology No. 812-N10 An Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Fever in Africa Student s Guide Learning Objectives After completing this case study,
More informationAOHS Global Health. Unit 1, Lesson 3. Communicable Disease
AOHS Global Health Unit 1, Lesson 3 Communicable Disease Copyright 2012 2016 NAF. All rights reserved. A communicable disease is passed from one infected person to another The range of communicable diseases
More information