Improving vaccine titers with Original XPC

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Hubert Simmons
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1 As published in Improving vaccine titers with Original XPC By Jonathan Broomhead, Ph.D. Manager, Global Poultry Research and Technical Support Diamond V Vaccination is an important step in protecting animals from disease agents such as viruses, parasites, and pathogenic bacteria. The success of a vaccine program relies on several factors, including the timing and efficacy of the vaccine. Serological testing is one of the most common methods to evaluate vaccine antibody response or vaccination efficacy. Birds that are immunosuppressed prior to vaccination due to underlying factors such as environmental stress, virus exposure, mycotoxin consumption, etc. will be less responsive to a vaccine. These stressed birds will have an adaptive immune system that is not functioning properly. In contrast, young and newly hatched chicks from breeder hens that have high antibodies to a specific disease will have higher maternally transferred antibodies. Vaccinating chicks with the same vaccine, when maternal antibodies are still present, will limit the ability of the chick to develop its own antibody response. Diamond V Original XPC has been shown to balance the immune system by supporting both innate immunity and adaptive immunity. A specific example of how Diamond V s fermentation metabolite products support adaptive immunity has been evaluated by measuring the antibody titer response in broilers given Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV). Newcastle disease is known throughout the world as a respiratory disease that can be devastating in its most virulent form, but may also weaken a bird s defenses when present in subclinical forms. In four different studies, antibody titers were increased in birds fed XPC following NDV. The results of these studies are briefly described below. Diamond V 1

2 Study 1: An independent study conducted by university researchers in Saudi Arabia (Fathi et al, 01) compared three levels of Diamond V fermentation metabolite product (0., 0. or 0. lb/ton XPC # ) to a control treatment with no XPC. Ross 08 broilers were vaccinated with Newcastle vaccine (LaSota strain) via the drinking water at 10 and 8 d of age. NDV antibody titers (Hemagglutination inhibition [HI] test 1 ) were measured on three birds per replicate (n=1 birds per treatment) at 8, and d. Results (Figure 1) showed that the higher dose of XPC (0. lb/ton) maintained higher NDV titers compared to controls on 8, and d. The recommended dose of XPC in broilers is actually. lb/ton for starter and 1. lb/ton for grower/finisher, so it was not surprising that the highest dose in this study was required to see a consistent response. Figure 1. Newcastle vaccine titers Fathi et al, 01 NDV HI Titers, Log 0 lb/ton XPC 0. lb/ton XPC 0. lb/ton XPC 0. lb/ton XPC 8d d d Bird Age Study : A research study conducted in China (Gao et al, 008) also compared the effects of three levels of Diamond V fermentation metabolites (1.,. or. lb/ton XPC*) to a control group with no XPC on several immune parameters. Arbor Acre broilers were vaccinated with Newcastle vaccine (LaSota strain) via eye drop on and 8 d of age. NDV antibody titers (HI test 1 ) were measured on 1 bird per replicate (n=1 birds per treatment) at 1, 1 and d. Results in Figure showed that birds fed XPC had higher NDV titers, particularly after a second vaccination. Diamond V

3 Figure. Newcastle vaccine titers Gao et al, NDV HI Titers, Log 0 lb/ton XPC 1. lb/ton XPC. lb/ton XPC. lb/ton XPC 1d 1d d d Bird Age Study : Another study was reported from Saudi Arabia (Al-Homidan & Fahmy, 00) that evaluated the effects of feeding Diamond V fermentation metabolites at recommended levels (. or 1. lb/ton XPC* during the starter and grower/finisher phases, respectively) on immune and intestinal parameters. Cobb broilers were vaccinated with NDV (type and age was not described in article) and antibody titers were measured on 10 birds per treatment at 1 and d of age (mean titers reported). Results (Figure ) show that birds fed XPC had significantly higher NDV titers than controls. Study : A commercial-type research study was conducted by Northeast Agricultural University in China (Zhou & Zhen, 00; unpublished) evaluating the effect of two levels of Diamond V fermentation metabolites (1. or.0 lb/ton XPC*) compared to a control group that had no XPC but was given Trisulmix (sulfadiazine; 0. ml/l) added to the drinking water. A flock of 0,000 Arbor Acre broilers was divided into treatment groups with replicates of,000 birds per each. Broilers were vaccinated with NDV (type and age were not given) then HI 1 antibody titers were measured on birds per replicate (n=8 birds per treatment) at 1 and d of age (mean titers reported). Results (Figure ) show that XPC-fed birds at both levels had significantly higher NDV titers compared to the control treatment. Diamond V

4 Figure. Newcastle vaccine titers Al-Homidan & Fahmy, 00 and Zhou & Zhen, 00 Control XPC Control 1. lb/t XPC lb/t XPC Mean NDV Antibody Titers 1.8 b. a Mean NDV Antibody Titers 1. b. a. a 0 Al-Homidan & Fahmy, 00 0 Zhou & Zhen, 00 ab Column with different superscript are significantly different (P < 0.0) Conclusions Feeding Diamond V fermentation metabolites increased NDV titers in alll four broiler studies, indicating that Original XPC affects adaptive immune function. The increased antibody levels in broilers fed Original XPC may improve disease protection following vaccination. Literature Cited Al-Homidan A., and M.O. Fahmy. 00. The effect of dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementationn on growth performance, carcass chemical analysis, immunity, ileum villi heights, and bacterial counts of broiler chickens. Egypt Poult. Sci. :1-. Fathi, M. M, S. Al-Mansour, I. Al-Homidan, A. Al-Khalaf. 01. Effect of yeast culture supplementation on carcasss yield and humoral immune response of broiler chicks. Vet. World :1-. Gao, J., H. J. Zhang, S. H. Yu, S. G. Wu, I. Yoon, J. Quigley, Y. P. Gao, and G. H. Qi Effects of yeast culture in broiler diets on performance and immunomodulatory functions. Poult. Sci. 8:1-18. Diamond V

5 1 HI methodology: serially dilute blood serum and mix it with red blood cells (RBC) and the appropriate antigen. The HI titer score is determined at the point (dilution level) in which the agglutination of RBC s is no longer inhibited. # XPC equivalents. It was discovered that XP was utilized in the study but fed at or around the XPC suggested rates (as researcher was apparently unaware of the product differentiation). * XPC equivalents. XP was utilized in study. Copyright 01 Diamond V All rights reserved Diamond V

Immunity 101: The basics

Immunity 101: The basics As published in Research Update Research with Diamond V s Original line of products, including Original XPC, has consistently shown that these products influence the immune system of livestock and poultry.