Recent FMD outbreaks and control strategy in Mongolia

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1 Recent FMD outbreaks and control strategy in Mongolia GANZORIG Khuukhenbaatar, DVM Director, State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Government Implementation Agency for Veterinary and Animal Breeding, Tokyo, Japan

2 Mongolia divided into 3 types of administrative districts ; 21 aimag, 356 soum, 1600 bag. An Aimag is a self-dependant administrative and territorial division of Mongolia

3 Topography and border line of Mongolia

4 NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK, THOUSANDS Table 2. Development of the livestock population from (in 000 heads) Year Camel Horse Cattle* Sheep Goats Total Source: Mongolian Statistical Yearbook , National Statistical Office of Mongolia *Percentage of yaks in the cattle population is on average 15-20%.

5 EXPORT OF LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS CHINA (all available kinds of animal products), RUSSIA (frozen meat and livestock products for IU) KOREA (preserved meat products and antlers) JAPAN (cashmere and horse meat) GERMANY (sheep casings, cashmere ) ITALY and HOLLAND (sheep casings and cashmere) TURKEY (sheep casings and livestock products) JORDAN and SA(sheep casings and live sheep) UK, USA and MEXICO(cashmere) and etc.; IMPORT OF LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS CHINA, RUSSIA, KOREA & JAPAN (marine products, pork, chicken and high productive animals

6 FUTURE MARKETS» EU» SOUTH EAST ASIA» MIDDLE EAST MAIN PROBLEMS IN TRADE DISEASE SITUATION (FMD, SHEEP AND GOAT POX BRUSELLOSIS AND etc.) RESIDUE TESTING IN FOOD RPODUCTS

7 TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASE STATUS Disease Last case Status FMD April, 2010 infected Rinderpest Dec Infection free May 2005 CBPP 1973 Under surveillance Sheep pox Jan infected Goat pox Oct 2008 infected Avian Influenza 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011 Cases in wild bird, but not in domestic

Number of provinces OFFICIALLY RECORDED OUTBREAKS OF FMD IN MONGOLIA 22

8 Number of provinces OFFICIALLY RECORDED OUTBREAKS OF FMD IN MONGOLIA Artificial infection vaccination

9 Primary and secondary outbreaks of FMD during and 2010

10 FMD situation in Mongolia and neighbouring countries in Asia ( January December 2010 and January - April 2011).

11 Outbreaks of FMD in 2010

13 TIME FRAME FOR FMD LAB/DIAGNOSIS AND NOTIFICATION TO CVO, OIE AND ReLa (APR-MAY/2010 CASE) REF/LAB INFORM TO CVO BSL III 4/30 21:25 4/30 21:25 5/01 21:25 Serum separation Isolation of RNA 5/01 05:00 5/01 04:50 5/01 04:50 5/01 10:30 5/01 05:00 Cell culture BHK 21 LPB ELISA for FMDV AG NaDr qrt-pcr FMDV DETECTION RT-PCR FMDV DETECTION + INFORM TO CVO 5/01 20:20 REPORTING TEST RESULT TO VETSERVICE RT-PCR FMDV SEROTYPE NSP ELISA 3AB&3ABC + 5/01 19:30 5/01 11:00 5/01 11:00 INFORM TO CVO /01 16:30 zeer+/- О + OIE Sample 04/30 21:05 23 hours 05/01 20:00 05/04

14 Timing and number of FMD outbreaks from Source: VABA, NEMA

Province Soum Herding household Number of culled livestock for FMD during outbreaks in 2000 2010 Years Total number of susceptible livestock in outbreak zone Number of culled livestock Expenses for

15 Province Soum Herding household Number of culled livestock for FMD during outbreaks in Years Total number of susceptible livestock in outbreak zone Number of culled livestock Expenses for compensation (thousand MNT) , , ,915 1,201 96, , , ,804 2, , , , , ,285 25,933 2,494, ,700 Sum ,243 1,376,459 31,111 2,894,200,0 Source: VABA, NEMA

16 Number of culled livestock, by species ( ) Year Camel Cattle Sheep Goat Pig Total Sum Source: VABA, NEMA

17 Nucleotide (VP1 gene) difference of Mongolian FMD isolates Institute for Animal Health, Vladimir, Russia Percentage nucleotide difference 0

18 Confirmation test at international reference laboratories FGI-ARRIAH, Russia Pirbright, WRL, UK SEA topotype Mya-98 lineage

19 WHITE TAILED GAZELLE RANGE MAP Sokolov and Lushchekina, 1997

20 WHITE TAILED GAZELLE RANGE MAP Sokolov and Lushchekina, 1997

FMD IN GAZELLE Black tailed gazelle- Procarpa gutturosa gutturosa/subgutturos a, (in 2000 approx. 150.

21 FMD IN GAZELLE Black tailed gazelle- Procarpa gutturosa gutturosa/subgutturos a, (in 2000 approx ) During the FMD and other severe infection, infected herd migrate faster, changing normal direction, leaving sick one White tailed gazelle- Procapra gutturosa (approx. 2 million in 1997, estimates in 2003 >1.5 million) Procapra gutturosa (Pallas, 1777)

22 FMDV RNA detection by rapid test SVANOVA DIP FMDV-Ag TEST Sp 99.5%, Sn 83.7% Results: FMD detected from gazelle saliva from Matad soum of Dornod province.

23 FMD infection surveillance in Gazelles, November 2010 Provinces Soums Local name Clinical signs Real time PCR result NSP ELISA results Sex Age Sample collection date Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no negative negative M Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no negative negative F Dundgovi Tsagaandelger Sumiin oir no positive negative M Tuv Bayantsagaan Onkh no positive negative M Tuv Bayantsagaan Onkh no negative negative M Tuv Bayantsagaan Onkh no positive negative M Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no positive negative M Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no positive negative M Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no positive negative F Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative positive F Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative negative F Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no positive positive F Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative negative F Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative positive M Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur yes positive negative M Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur yes positive positive F Khentii Darkhan Bor undur no positive F Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive F Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive F Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive M Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive M Dornogovi Altanshiree Har teeg no positive сөрөг F Dornogovi Altanshiree Har teeg yes positive сөрөг F Sukhbaatar Tumuntsogt no positive сөрөг F

24 Confirmation of Diagnosis EURO-SA ME-SA 0.02 SEA Phylogenetic tree of FMDV Cathay UKG/10/2001 (AJ311722) O/JPN/2000 (AB050978) O/Mongolia/2000 O/Mongolia/2001 O/CHA/2/99 (AJ318831) O/Russia/2000 O/Mongolia/2002 O/Russia/2004 O/Tajikistan/2003 O/Tajikistan/2001 O/Tajikistan/2002 O/AFG/201/2004 (EF457985) O/ISR/7/2007 (FJ561315) O/JOR/6/2006 (FJ561317) O/Kazakhstan/1/2007 O/PAK/10/2006 (EF494503) O1/Manisa/Turkey/69 (AJ251477) O/HLJOC12/CHA/03 (DQ119643) O/Mongolia/2004 O/MYA/2/2000 (DQ164927) O/LAO/2/2001 (EU667445) O/MYA/7/2002 (DQ164928) O/VN/SL192/2009 (HM055508) O/VN/QN133/2009 (GU582121) O/Mongolia/CO3/2010 O/Mongolia/C05/2010 TAW/81/97 AJ O/Russia/1995 O/HKN/12/91 (AJ294921) O/PHI/5/95 (DQ164946) O/Corrientes/Arg/06 (DQ834727) O1/BFS (J02185) ARRIAH FMD Laboratory, Russia

25 FMD outbreaks have: usually been extensions of livestockassociated Asian pandemics (e.g. 2000/1/2; 2005; 2010) these pandemic viruses did not persist therefore, FMD is not endemic to Mongolia (accepted internationally!) but Mongolia has a high-risk area - eastern Steppe

26 Immunization of susceptible species in (1,000 head) Province Soum Year Camel Cattle Sheep Goat Pig Young animals Total , , ,720.9 Total , , , , , ,036.4

27 FAO TCP/MON Further impact of FMD on livestock, wildlife and human health is prevented - Awareness about FMD issues is raised among stakeholders from different disciplines and backgrounds (farmers, rural dwellers, Agriculture and Natural Resource Ministries, NGO s, etc.) - Role of wildlife (Mongolian gazelle) in the FDM outbreak situation determined - Transition from stage 0 to Stage 1 of the FMD PCP approach in Mongolia supported - Epidemiology/ecology of FMD in Mongolia understood

28 Number of vaccinated animals in (1,000 head)

29 2001 emergency and strategic vaccination map 2002 and 2003 vaccination map

30 2004 and 2005 vaccination map 2006 and 2007 vaccination map

31 2008 and 2009 vaccination map 2010 and 2011 vaccination map

32 ZONE DISEASE FREE WITHOUT VACCINETION Cabinet meeting on 24 August 2011 has adopted the regulation of FMD free zone establishment

33 FMD free zone, without vaccination 95 soum of 7 aimag. Over 300 private vet units 95 government vet and breeding units

34 Location of slaughter plants and major movement pattern of slaughter animals

35 Number of livestock in FMD free zone, without vaccination

36 Veterinary units and veterinarians in FMD free zone (June, 2011)

37 Diagnostic capacity of FMD in provincial and central level

38 Ongoing activities: FMD contingency plan Done Regulation to determine zones of FMD distribution, organizations of veterinary activities and control activities of animal movement. Done Regulation on animal identification and establishment of Central animal identification and information database Done

39 Government Vet and breeding units has established In 329 Soums Vehicles, IT equipments and Internet, epidemiology and GIS Mobile laboratory

40 Improvement of sanitary and quarantine capacity Mobile disinfection units Sprayers Foggers Fixed disinfection units Supply with mobile corrals and disinfection units

41 Sampling frame for serological surveillance in FMD free zone in 2010

43 Sampling frame for serological surveillance in FMD free zone in 2011 sample size was set at 155 herds and 60 samples per herd.

45 28 October 2011

46 On site risk assessment with Russian FMD experts and inspection officers

47 Thank you for your attention

Number of culled livestock, by species ( )

Number of culled livestock, by species (2000-2010) Year Camel Cattle Sheep Goat Pig Total 2000 54 552 152 158 0 916 2001 4 1159 16 20 2 1201 2002 0 435 46 4 0 485 2003 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 0 2072 157 88 0