2009 H1N1 Influenza A Virus EHS&RM

Transcription

1 2009 H1N1 Influenza A Virus

2 What is 2009 H1N1 (swine flu)? 2009 H1N1 (sometimes called swine flu ) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This virus was originally referred to as swine flu because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs (swine) in North America. But further study has shown that this new virus is very different from what normally circulates in North American pigs. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and bird (avian) genes and human genes. Scientists call this a "quadruple reassortant" virus.

3 Antigenic Shift Bird Flu Swine Flu H1N1 Virus (new) Human Flu Human Host

4 Signs and symptoms Symptoms of novel H1N1 flu in people are similar to those associated with seasonal flu. Fever Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Body aches Headache Chills Fatigue In addition, vomiting (25%) and diarrhea (25%) have been reported. (Higher rate than for seasonal flu.)

5 How Does H1N1 Spread? Droplet (e.g. coughing, sneezing, speaking) Contact (touching a contaminated surface)

6 How Does H1N1 Spread? Human-to-human transmission of H1N1 Influenza A predominantly occurs through direct droplet transmission (Usually within 6-10 feet). People may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose (moist mucous membranes). Airborne transmission may occur with influenza viruses, but is not felt to be the primary mode of transmission. It is most likely to be of concern during aerosol generating procedures, such as intubation, suctioning, bronchoscopy, nebulizer treatments, or similar hospital or health care facility associated procedures. There is no evidence to date of widespread airborne transmission as can occur with TB or chicken pox. Infected people may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop & up to 7 or more days after becoming sick.

7 Source Path Receiver Administrative Engineering PPE

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9 Facemasks Facemasks refers to disposable facemasks cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as medical devices. This includes facemasks labeled as surgical, dental, medical procedure, isolation, or laser masks.

10 Respirators Respirators refers to N95 or higher filtering face piece respirators certified by the CDC/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

11 What is the Difference Between a Face Mask and a respirator? Respirator Reduces exposure to airborne particles Seals tightly to the face Needs fit testing Face Mask Reduces airborne particles from being expelled from the wearer Does not seal tightly to the face (leaks around the edges)

12 Oil resistance Not oil resistant Oil Resistant Oil Proof N95 N99 N100 R95 R99* R100* P95 P99* P100 Rating Description Filters at least 95% of airborne particles Filters at least 99% of airborne particles Filters at least 99.97% of airborne particles Filters at least 95% of airborne particles Filters at least 99% of airborne particles Filters at least 99.97% of airborne particles Filters at least 95% of airborne particles Filters at least 99% of airborne particles Filters at least 99.97% of airborne particles *No NIOSH approvals are held by this type of disposable particulate respirator.

13 Facemasks and Respirators In community and home settings, the use of facemasks and respirators generally are not recommended. However, for certain circumstances, a facemask or respirator may be considered, specifically for persons at increased risk of severe illness from influenza.

14 Community Home CDC Interim Recommendations for Facemask and Respirator Use for Home, Community, and Occupational Settings for Non-Ill Persons to Prevent Infection with 2009 H1N1 Setting No 2009 H1N1 in community 2009 H1N1 in community: not crowded setting 2009 H1N1 in community: crowded setting Caregiver to person with influenza-like illness Other household members in home Occupational (non-health care) No 2009 H1N1 in community 2009 H1N1 in community Occupational (health care) Caring for persons with known, probable or suspected 2009 H1N1 or influenza-like illness Persons not at increased risk of severe illness from influenza (Non-high risk persons) but could be considered under certain circumstances Respirator Persons at increased risk of severe illness from influenza (High-Risk Persons) Avoid setting. If unavoidable, consider facemask or respirator Avoid being caregiver. If unavoidable, use facemask or respirator but could be considered under certain circumstances Consider temporary reassignment. Respirator

15 CDC Interim Recommendations For Facemask Use For Persons Ill With Confirmed, Probable, Or Suspected 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) To Prevent Transmission Of 2009 H1N1 Setting Recommendation Home (when sharing common spaces with other household members) Facemask preferred, if available and tolerable, or tissue to cover cough/sneeze Health care settings (when outside of patient room) Facemask, if tolerable Non-health care setting Facemask preferred, if available and tolerable, or tissue to cover cough/sneeze Breastfeeding Facemask preferred, if available and tolerable, or tissue to cover cough/sneeze

16 What Can I do to Keep From Getting the Flu (Influenza)? Wash your hands. Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. Try not touch surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

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