Preventing and Responding to Emerging IDs the role of WHO

Transcription

1 Preventing and Respnding t Emerging IDs the rle f WHO Mark Jacbs Directr, Divisin f Cmmunicable Diseases WHO Respnding t Emerging Infectius Diseases Sympsium 21st Public Health Summer Schl University f Otag, Wellingtn 1

2 Intrductin Cre functins f WHO Examples 2

3 Intrductin Preventing and respnding t emerging (and re-emerging) IDs is cre business f WHO Acrss brad mandate f WHO, is single highest prfile area f wrk, and area with highest expectatins re perfrmance (cmmunities, Member States) Cre business f all 3 levels f WHO (HQ, RO, CO), and until recently 2/5 technical categries Categry 1- cmmunicable diseases (disease specific fcus, eg VPD, HIV/hepatitis/STI, TB, malaria, vectrbrne, NTD) Categry 5- preparedness, surveillance and respnse (generic emergency preparedness and respnse fcus) Cat 5 recently replaced by centralised Health Emergencies Prgram 3

4 Cre Functins f WHO prviding leadership n matters critical t health and engaging in partnerships where jint actin is needed; shaping research agenda and stimulating generatin, translatin and disseminatin f valuable knwledge; setting nrms and standards and prmting and mnitring their implementatin; articulating ethical and evidence-based plicy ptins; prviding technical supprt, catalysing change, and building sustainable institutinal capacity; and mnitring health situatin and assessing health trends. Apply t all areas f WHO's wrk, but particular fcus variesdepends n nature f issue, and needs f member State(s) 4

5 Examples Mix f emerging/reemerging, glbal/reginal/subreginal, fcus 5

6 1. IHR and APSED Internatinal Health Regulatins- respnsibilities and capacities t prevent and respnd t public health threats with capacity t spread beynd internatinal brders. Current versin frmally agreed in 2005, prcess led by WHO Asia Pacific Strategy fr Emerging Diseases (APSED) prvides framewrk fr achieving and strengthening cre capacities required under IHR, as well as identifying agreed pririties (fr cuntries and fr WHO), and systems fr crdinatin f effrts, in WPR and SEAR. Key cre functins have been prviding leadership, setting nrms and standards, prviding technical supprt, mnitring health situatin 6

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8 2. PIP Framewrk Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framewrk adpted in 2011, after lengthy negtiatins supprted by WHO Develped in respnse t cncerns frm number f cuntries abut limited access t influenza vaccines and antivirals, and resulting threats t sharing f influenza virus islates Aimed t establish "fair, transparent, equitable, efficient, effective system" fr sharing virus islates, and fr access t vaccines etc Als increased funding fr natinal capacity strengthening, via frmal agreements with vaccine, antiviral and diagnstics manufacturers (partnership cntributins). Main cre functins have been prviding leadership, articulating plicy ptins, prviding technical supprt 8

9 3. Outbreak respnse Frequently required, can include- dispatch f experts in respnse t gvernment requests; prviding supplies and equipment; prviding infrmatin n diseases and disease cntrl measures; crdinatin f internatinal respnse teams; disseminatin f infrmatin t Member States and public Mix f prviding leadership, articulating plicy ptins, prviding technical supprt, mnitring the health situatin 9

10 4. ACT-resistant malaria Artemisinin-based cmbinatin therapies integral t huge reductins in glbal malaria burden. Hwever, ACT-resistant falciparum malaria emerged in cuntries f Greater Mekng (Myanmar, Thailand, Cambdia, La PDR, Viet Nam) Respnse designed and led by WHO, initial fcus n cntainment. Majr emphasis n eg Cverage f high quality preventin/diagnsis/treatment Eliminating mntherapies Surveillance and M/E Research including TES Crdinatin f effrt High level supprt 10

11 ACT-resistant malaria T date n spread beynd GMS, but strategic fcus nw n eliminatin Has invlved fcus n all 6 cre functins, prviding leadership, shaping research agenda, setting nrms and standards, articulating plicy ptins, prviding technical supprt, mnitring health situatin 11

12 5. Drug resistant TB in the Pacific Number f PICs have mderate r high TB prevalence, and althugh abslute numbers remain small, drug resistance is grwing cncern WHO fcus n bth strategic appraches and practical challenges Leading planning with PICs n hw best t implement glbal and reginal strategies, and achieve SDG target Maintaining reginal cmmn services- Reginal secnd line drug stckpile Reginal labratry netwrk Clinician peer supprt mechanism fr cmplex cases Cntinuum f care fr TB amngst migrants Mix f prviding leadership, shaping research agenda, articulating plicy ptins, prviding technical supprt, mnitring the health situatin 12

13 Helping cuntries prevent and respnd t emerging and reemerging infectius diseases is majr pririty fr WHO at all 3 levels f rganizatin Our rle can vary frm high level/strategic t very hands n, depending n nature f issue, and cuntry needs 13