1/29/2013. Viruses and Bacteria. Infectious Disease. Pathogens cause disease by: Chapters 16 and 17
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1 Viruses and Bacteria Chapters 16 and 17 Infectious Disease Caused by the invasion of a host by agents whose activities harm the host s tissues Can be transmitted to others Pathogen microorganisms that cause disease Pathogens cause disease by: Enter host body (mouth, open wounds,eyes) Adhere to specific host cells Invade/colonize host tissues Inflict damage to tissues 1
2 5 agents of infectious disease Viruses Fungi Bacteria Protists worms 2 Categories of infectious disease Emerging infectious disease Re-emerging infectious disease Emerging infectious disease Have not occurred in humans before Have occurred in humans before, but affected only small numbers of people in isolated place (AIDS, Ebola) Due to environmental changes 2
3 Re-emerging infectious disease Once were a major health problem, then declined dramatically Again becoming health problems (malaria, tuberculosis) Due to drug resistance, lack of vaccination Emerging Re-emerging Endemic Flu Pandemics: 1918 Spanish Flu Killed up to 50 million people worldwide Killed more Americans than all the wars this century combined 3
4 The Bird Flu (H5N1): Could this virus cause the next pandemic? Highly pathogenic Since 2003 this the bird flu virus has caused 172 deaths worldwide. Humans that contracted the virus were in close contact with infected birds. Viruses Characteristics of Viruses - is it alive? - not cells - parasites - replicate themselves - found everywhere - DNA or RNA inside - protein coat- capsid - specific- species and cells Classification of Viruses : A. Shape ROD Shaped Ex. Tobacco Mosaic Virus 4
5 2. Spherical (bullet shaped) Ex. Rabies Spherical: Influenza 3. Polyhedral Ex. Adeno virus Causes respiratory illnesses, pink eye, digestive illnesses 5
6 4. Bacteriophage A virus with a tail Affect bacteria - B. Classified by their Vector - organism that carries virus C. Classified by the disease it causes Ex. Rhinovirus group of viruses that cause the common cold. 6
7 Ex. Smallpox No longer a threat due to vaccination by Edward Jenner Ex. Chicken pox Ex. Warts - human papilloma virus (HPV 7
8 Ex. Cold sores: herpes simplex virus, Ex. Polio Viruses and Disease - Table 21-1 Immunity white blood cells and your bodies antibodies. There is no cure for a virus Vaccines inject inactive virus to produce antibodies. 8
9 White blood cells in action - Phagocyctes - Interferon - inhibits virus replication - body produces when attacked 9
10 Viral Replication 100 new viruses every minute Two cycles of replication: 1. Lytic Cyclehost cell is killed. Stages of Lytic Cycle 1. Attachment 2. Entry Virus injects its DNA or RNA into the cell 3. Formation viral DNA or RNA replicates 4.Lysis and release cell bursts and releases newly formed viral cells. 10
11 Stages of Lysogenic cycle Attachment Prophage formation - the viral DNA or RNA becomes part of the cells DNA. Cell division make copies of the recombined DNA Bacteria Archaebacteria Eubacteria 11
12 Characteristics - unicellular- colonies or filaments salmonella E.coli - prokaryotes 12
13 - Plasmid - circle of DNA - rigid cell wall and capsule - Pili- attachment hairs - Flagella- long hairs for locomotion billion years old Life of a Bacterium - found everywhere 13
14 - reproduce rapidly - live in extreme conditions - mutate quickly - reproduce by Binary Fission- cell divides in half 14
15 - some don't need oxygen (Botulism) - Pathogenic vs Friendly - harmful to man - useful to man Water treatment Four groups of Bacteria consumer types chemosynthetic photosynthetic 15
16 Heterotrophic bacteria - common bacteria - Bacillus- rod-shaped bacteria- tuberculosis - Coccus - round bacteria- strep throat 16
17 - Spirillum - spiral bacteria- syphilis - Metabolize host - Toxins - poisonous secretions into host - Ex. tetanus, anthrax, pneumonia 17
18 Chemoautotrophic bacteria - nitrifying bacteria - convert nitrogen to plants in soil Photosynthetic bacteria - blue-green color - contain chlorophyll - autotrophs- makes own food and
19 Gleocapsa Colony type Gel sheath Oscillatoria Filament Moves in a wave like manner Lyngbya Filament Notice in a gel sheath 19
20 Notoc - blooms cause CO 2 loss in water - antibiotics - penicillin, ampicillin, omoxycillin, tetra cycline 20
21 - immune system - white blood cells 21
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