8.L.1 Practice Questions

Transcription

1 Name: Date: 1. Why should antibiotics be given to a person who is ill with a bacterial disease like strep throat, but not to a person who has a viral disease like flu?. ntibiotics kill bacteria but not viruses.. ntibiotics make viruses grow faster. C. ntibiotics are made by viruses. D. Viruses are not living things. 2. Which is made with the help of bacteria?. Yogurt. Cream C. Soap D. Cooking oil 3. When the antibiotic penicillin was first introduced, it was immediately effective in combating staphylococcus bacterial infections. fter a number of years, there were outbreaks of staphylococcal infections that did not respond to treatment with penicillin. The best explanation for this situation is that. members of the original population of bacteria that were penicillin resistant survived and reproduced, creating a more resistant population. the bacteria that survived exposure to penicillin learned to avoid it C. the bacteria that caused the new outbreaks were from populations that had never been exposed to penicillin D. during each generation, the bacteria modified their own DN to increase their ability to resist penicillin and passed this ability on to their descendants 4. People with IDS are unable to fight multiple infections because the virus that causes IDS. weakens their immune systems. produces antibodies in their blood C. attacks muscle tissue D. kills pathogens 5. Viruses frequently infect bacteria and insert new genes into the genetic material of the bacteria. When these infected bacteria reproduce asexually, which genes would most likely be passed on?. only the new genes. only the original genes C. both the original and the new genes D. neither the original nor the new genes page 1

2 6. Salmonella bacteria can cause humans to have stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. The effect these bacteria have on humans indicates that Salmonella bacteria are. predators. pathogenic organisms C. parasitic fungi D. decomposers 7. Warts result when certain viruses cause skin cells to reproduce at a high rate. This rapid reproduction of skin cells is due to the viruses stimulating. cellular digestion. mitotic cell division C. synthesis processes D. meiotic cell division 8. part of the Hepatitis virus is synthesized in the laboratory. This viral particle can be identified by the immune system as a foreign material but the viral particle is not capable of causing disease. Immediately after this viral particle is injected into a human it. stimulates the production of enzymes that are able to digest the Hepatitis virus. triggers the formation of antibodies that protect against the Hepatitis virus C. synthesizes specific hormones that provide immunity against the Hepatitis virus D. breaks down key receptor molecules so that the Hepatitis virus can enter body cells page 2

3 9. ase your answer to the following question(s) on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology. New Theory on Malaria Transmission Plasmodium falciparum, one parasite that causes malaria, spreads rapidly, infecting up to 500 million people every year. Malaria spreads when an infected mosquito bites an uninfected human, who then becomes infected. This infected human is bitten by an uninfected mosquito, which then becomes infected. This infected mosquito then bites and infects an uninfected human. Malaria transmission is illustrated below. Scientists have a new idea about how this disease spreads. When the malaria parasite is passed to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, there is a great possibility that this action alters the chemical scent of the human. The altered human body scent then attracts more uninfected mosquitoes, which bite the infected person, thus spreading the disease. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted on humans infected with malaria. The results indicate that malaria gametocytes (a stage of the parasite) may trigger the production of chemicals that change the scent of the human. The change in human scent makes humans more appealing to mosquitoes. Scientists are now studying ways to copy this chemical scent for use in traps that would attract mosquitoes. Which statement best describes the role of gametocytes in the spread of malaria?. They give off a scent that attracts infected mosquitoes.. They absorb human body scents that attract mosquitoes. C. They release a scent into the human body. D. They cause a chemical reaction that alters human scent. page 3

4 10. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The greatest difference between the incidence of measles and the incidence of bacterial pneumonia occurred in C D Which statement best explains a change in the incidence of disease in 1970?. Children were vaccinated against measles.. New drugs cured diabetes. C. The bacteria that cause pneumonia developed a resistance to drugs. D. New technology helped to reduce the incidence of all three diseases. 12. Which statement provides the best possible reason for the decrease in number of cases of bacterial pneumonia from 1940 to 1970?. s a result of genetic engineering, humans became immune to the bacteria.. ntibiotics were made available for the treatment of bacterial infections. C. The bacteria did not respond to medical treatments. D. s a result of sexual reproduction, the bacteria evolved into a harmless form. page 4

5 Lyme Disease Since 1980, the number of reported cases of Lyme disease in New York State had been increasing. The vector (carrier) of Lyme disease is the small deer tick, Ixodes dammini. The disease is spread from infected animals to ticks that bite these animals. Humans bitten by these parasitic ticks may then become infected. The symptoms of Lyme disease do not always occur immediately after a tick bite. n individual may develop a skin rash several days to weeks after being bitten by a tick. Flu-like symptoms such as headaches, muscle aches, joint pain, and fever may also develop. Generally, these symptoms clear up and the individual may not seek medical help. lso, in some cases there may be no symptoms other than a sudden onset of arthritis. However, in a small number of cases, if the infection is not treated, it may lead to chronic arthritis, disorders of the heart and nervous system, or in a few cases, death. blood test can help confirm a diagnosis, and antibiotics are effective in treating the infection. People may take preventative action by frequently checking themselves and their pets for ticks, tucking pant legs into socks when walking though woods, wearing light-colored clothing to aid in spotting a tick, and using insect repellent. page 5

6 13. The vector described in the reading passage is an example of. a parasite. a predator C. an autotroph D. a saprophyte 14. Which statement about viruses is true?. They carry on aerobic respiration.. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. C. They are photosynthetic organisms. D. They are an exception to the cell theory. 15. Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?. getting a vaccination. taking antibiotics C. eating fruits and vegetables D. washing hands often 16. Fungi and bacteria that depend on dead organic material for their existence are classified as. decomposers. predators C. omnivores D. herbivores 17. Which organism lacks the ability to carry on autotrophic nutrition?. oak tree. maple tree C. mushroom D. fern 18. acteria that can survive without oxygen are described as. aerobic. anaerobic C. heterotrophic D. saprophytic 19. Which of these describes the action of antibiotics?. ntibiotics replace the immune system.. ntibiotics lower body temperature. C. ntibiotics destroy viruses. D. ntibiotics slow bacterial growth. page 6

7 20. Prescribing ntibiotics Doctors need to be careful not to give their patients an antibiotic such as penicillin too often. If the same antibiotic is prescribed too many times, it can become less effective against bacteria. Explain fully why this is so. 21. Which of these best defines communicable diseases?. They can be cured.. They are caused by bacteria. C. They are spread to others. D. They can spread only in winter. 22. How does a virus cause a person to develop a common cold?. invades the host cell to reproduce. removes energy from the host cell C. produces toxins in the host cell D. protects the host cell from bacteria 23. Which of the following is one important difference between a virus and a bacterial cell?. virus is much larger in size than a bacterial cell.. virus always causes more severe disease than a bacterial cell. C. virus can never reproduce on its own, but a bacterial cell can. D. virus does not contain genetic material, but a bacterial cell does. page 7

8 24. otulism, a type of food poisoning, is caused when bacteria release a poisonous substance. Eating even a small amount of food that contains the poisonous substance can cause death. This poisonous substance is called. a virus. a toxin C. a parasite D. a scavenger 25. ntibiotics would be effective against. bacterial pneumonia.. the malaria protist. C. the flu virus. D. viral meningitis. 26. How are parasites and viruses similar?. oth are contagious diseases.. oth infect host organisms. C. oth reproduce using host cells. D. oth break down food using oxygen. 27. Malaria is a common disease in many countries. What is the cause of this disease?. a virus. a bacterium C. a fungus D. a parasite 28. How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?. by taking medication daily. by preventing transmission between people C. by wearing clean clothing daily D. by performing dental hygiene three times each day 29. Which statement explains a long-term health effect of vaccinating people for a disease like influenza or malaria?. The disease would be completely eliminated.. The risk of contracting the disease would be reduced. C. ody cells would mutate to produce a new disease strain. D. Vaccinated individuals would become carriers of the disease. page 8

9 30. In the late 1800s, surgeons began washing surgical instruments with antiseptic substances to reduce the death rate of patients. Which statement explains why surgeons adopted new cleaning procedures?. They developed corrosionresistant surgical instruments.. They developed medications that could stop pain during surgery. C. They gained an understanding about the periodic table of the elements. D. They gained an understanding about organisms that spread disease. 31. In the past, a specific antibiotic was effective in killing a certain species of bacteria. Now, most members of this bacterial species are resistant to this antibiotic. Explain how this species of bacteria has become resistant. Your answer must include at least the concepts of: overproduction variation natural selection adaptation to the environment page 9

10 Problem-ttic format version c Educide Software Licensed for use by Cindy Rudolph Terms of Use at 05/20/ C D C D This item assesses students understanding of the evolution of a species in the context of bacteria becoming resistant to an antibiotic over time. The phenomenon described occurs because each time the antibiotic is used, some of the bacteria survive. They survive because there is variation within the species, and some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic. The surviving bacteria will reproduce to produce bacteria that are also resistant to the antibiotic. In this way, over many generations the bacteria will become more resistant to the antibiotic. C C D D 17. C

11 Teacher s Key Page Example of correct response Due to their rapid rate of reproduction, more bacteria than can possibly survive (overproduction) were produced. Due to genetic differences (variation), some bacteria had genes making them resistant to the antibiotic and so were better adapted to an environment containing the antibiotic. They were the ones most likely to survive and produce the next generation (natural selection). Over several generations, a greater percentage of the population was resistant (adaptation to the environment).