BODY DEFENCES AGAINST DISEASE AND THE ROLE OF VACCINES

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1 BODY DEFENCES AGAINST DISEASE AND THE ROLE OF VACCINES Topic 3 This topic links in with MICROBES (from unit 1)

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3 1. What are the 3 types of microbes? 2. Which microbe do antibiotics destroy? 3. What microbe do antibiotics have NO effect on? 4. Which microbe do antifungals destroy? 5. What microbe do antifungals have NO effect on? 6. How can we kill viruses?

4 1. What are the 3 types of microbes? Bacteria, viruses, fungi 2. Which microbe do antibiotics destroy? Bacteria 3. What microbe do antibiotics have NO effect on? viruses, fungi 4. Which microbe do antifungals destroy? fungi 5. What microbe do antifungals have NO effect on? Bacteria, viruses 6. How can we kill viruses? Anti-virals and vaccines!!

5 VIRAL INFECTIONS INCLUDE: Colds Influenza (Flu) German Measles Mumps Chicken Pox Small pox HIV/ Aids Viruses invade our healthy cells. They reproduce and make more copies of themselves. Antibiotics don t cure viral infections!! The only cure for viral infections is your own immunity. Vaccines help your immune system to fight viruses!! But how??

6 What exactly are IN vaccines? How do they help your immune system? What disease was the first vaccine made for? Who developed the first vaccination? TASK: STUCK? WATCH THE VIDEO AND USE IT TO HELP YOU ANSWER THE QUESTIONS MAKE NOTES AT THE BACK OF YOUR JOTTER MICROBES AND HEALTH - 1 st 10 minutes (media folder / science folder)

7 An injection containing a dead or weakened microbe (pathogen).

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11 1 2 3 The vaccine containing a dead or weakened version of the microbe is injected into the body. The white blood cells recognise the foreign pathogen and produce antibodies. The antibodies attack the dead pathogen and it is destroyed quickly. 4 TASK: 1. Put these steps in order 2. Create a comic book strip 3. Draw a picture for each statement White blood cells make memory cells of the pathogen and the antibody. The antibodies destroy the pathogen before you get infected. If the pathogen enters your body later in life, your white blood cells remember it and make the correct antibodies very quickly. The body now has a defence against that pathogen (you are now immune! 7 6 5

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13 χ χ χ χ χ χ

14 HOMEWORK! You had to find out ALL the vaccines YOU have had! How many have you had? What disease was it for? What age where you?

15 To give us the best chance of being protected against infections, children and adults are vaccinated against different diseases at certain ages. Boosters are extra vaccines given in later years to help increase immunity (Tetanus boosters should be given every 10 years max 3 doses) Current recommended vaccination list: Type in your date of birth and see what vaccines you are due! lose

16 Age Vaccine Disease Birth 18 months From 3 years MMR Teenagers yrs DTaP/IPV/Hib MMR HPV Adults MMR booster Over 65 years Seasonal Flu Pneumococcal Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, and Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b). Measles, mumps & rubella. Pneumonia, meningitis & Pneumococcal infections. Measles, mumps, rubella Cervical cancer Measles, mumps, rubella Infuenza General infections

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18 HPV - girls 2nd year Diphtheria Tetanus Polio Meningococcal C MMR Meningitis

19 To protect against the following diseases: Cholera Hepatitis A Japanese encephalitis Meningococcal meningitis Rabies Typhoid Yellow fever alth-and-wellness/healthinformation/az-healthinformation/travelvaccinations

20 Your task: Research and describe an application to produce a short report (40-80 words). This will be written up IN CLASS. The application is THE USE OF VACCINES. 1. Describe the application What are vaccines? Why do we use vaccines (think about school vaccines / travel vaccines / seasonal vaccines) 2. Describe the effect of the application on the society What disease might people not suffer from? Describe the symptoms people might avoid Describe the side effects of vaccines herd immunity The effect can be positive or negative

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