Update on seasonal influenza in the Southern Hemisphere in

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Emerald Whitehead
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1 Update on seasonal influenza in the Southern Hemisphere in Ian Barr WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza The Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza is supported by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing

Ways to get an update on influenza activity WHO websites Geneva (Hdq) - http://www.who.int/influenza/gisrs_laboratory/updates/summaryreport/en/index.html WPRO - http://www.wpro.who.int/entity/emerging_diseases/influenza/en/index.

option=com_content&task=view&id=3352&itemid=2469&to=2246 Google Flu trends - http://www.google.org/flutrends/ Collaborating Centre Web sites Melbourne - http://www.influenzacentre.

2 Ways to get an update on influenza activity WHO websites Geneva (Hdq) - WPRO - WHO Vaccine formulation meetings (Feb/Sep each year) PAHO - Google Flu trends - Collaborating Centre Web sites Melbourne - CDC Atlanta - Situation reports (mainly during influenza season) Australian Influenza Report (fortnightly) New Zealand weekly influenza report CDC International Influenza - ECDC - a Collaborating Centre and ask!!

3 WHO HDQ influenza website

4 Southern Hemisphere activity WHO Flunet Up to 20 May 2012 Wk 39: Sep 2011 H1pdm, H3, B s charts/en/index.html

5 WHO data by country - Australia Aug H3, B s

6 WHO Influenza transmission zones

7 WHO data for Oceania-Melanesia-Polynesia zone Aug American Samoa Australia Cook Islands Fiji French Polynesia Guam Johnston Atoll Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Caledonia New Zealand Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Palau Papua New Guinea Pitcairn Island Samoa Solomon Islands Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Wake Island Wallis and Futuna H3, B s

8 WHO data for Southern African zone June 3-9 Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland Sep B s

9 WHO data for Temperate South America zone July Argentina Chile Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Paraguay Uruguay H1pdm, H3, B s

10 Google flu trends Accessed

11 South America Google flu trends

12 Australia & NZ Google flu trends

13 Google trends data can be followed back for up to 6 years Australia

14 2011 Australian Influenza season Average-Low Influenza season High levels of lab confirmed influenza by NNDSS early (Jan-May) During influenza season ILI levels generally low Lab confirmed influenza highest year (except 09) 27, 060 notifications in 2011 vs 13,491 in 2010 Main season: late June, peaked in wk 32 (w/b 8/8), ended Nov Characteristics of season Mainly Pandemic H1N1 and B viruses in Aus (& NZ) late run H3N2 FluCan data; some hospital admissions (246*), few ICU (34*) Some vaccine breakthroughs recorded (mainly H3N2) Lower out of season influenza notifications for vs * 1 May 13 October 2011

15 Australian ILI and lab diagnosed influenza ILI Lab confirmed influenza

16 Types, subtypes, B-lineages in Australia (influenza viruses received at the WHO CC Melbourne) Australia 2011 Australia 2012* 36% 22% 37% 42% Type A(H3) 4% 59% Type A(H1) Type B Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 *up to May * 2% B Viruses 19% B/Victoria-lineage 98% B/Yamagata-lineage 81%

17 Influenza viruses received & analysed at Melbourne CC Macau n=74 Philippines Thailand Solomon Is. Cambodia n=57 Sri Lanka n=126 Malaysia n=50 n=3 PNG New Caledonia n=3 n=27 n=3 Singapore n=4 Fiji Countries supplying samples in 2011 n=71 New Zealand n=3 Type A(H3) Australia Type A(H1) Type B n=138 Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 n=1852

18 Sample types analysed at the WHO CC Melbourne Year OCS Virus Isolates Ratio Isolates:OCS * (179) (415) (2.3) *to May 2012

Influenza vaccines used in Australia and NZ in 2011 (same vaccine to be used in 2012) H1N1pdm A/California/7/2009 (circulating strain: A/California/7/2009-like) H3 A/Perth/16/2009 (circulating

19 Influenza vaccines used in Australia and NZ in 2011 (same vaccine to be used in 2012) H1N1pdm A/California/7/2009 (circulating strain: A/California/7/2009-like) H3 A/Perth/16/2009 (circulating strain: A/Perth/16/2009-like but some drift and vaccine breakthroughs) B - B/Brisbane/60/2008 (B/Victoria lineage) (circulating strain: B/Brisbane/60/2008-like >99% of the B/Victoria lineage, <1% B/Yamagata lineage

20 American badger (Taxidea taxus)* *Euthanased Bornean binturong (Arctictis binturong penicillata)* *Euthanased Black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes)

21 New advice from Hollywood for the next pandemic? DON T TALK TO ANYONE DON T TOUCH ANYONE

22 Summary of influenza activity Normal season (impact and timing) in Aus/NZ in 2011 Few hospitalizations, ICU admissions, deaths Pandemic H1N1 & influenza B predominated, some H3 Fewer out of season influenza notifications Vaccine match excellent in 2 viruses, good/ok? in 1 (H3); some vaccine breakthroughs occurred mainly in A(H3N2) No increase in adverse events in vaccinated children An outbreak of oseltamivir resistant H1N1pdm in Newcastle (Aus) in 2011 Influenza activity in Sth Hemisphere low so far in 2012 B & A(H3N2) predominating in Australia in 2012 so far (reduced H1N1pdm) Some increase in B/Yamagata lineage viruses but B/Victoria viruses are still in majority so far in 2012 Unlike the Nth Hemisphere influenza vaccine, the 2012 Sth Hemisphere vaccine is unchanged (No H3N2 update or B/Yam virus included)

Bi-weekly Influenza Situation Update

Bi-weekly Influenza Situation Update 24 October 2017 Virological Surveillance Summary The total number of specimens and number of positive specimens reported to FluNet by the Western Pacific Region countries