Indiana State Board of Health.

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1 Indiana State Board of Health. [Entered as second-class matter at the IndianapolisPostoffice. ] VOLUME III. INDIANAPOLIS, AUGUST, NUMBER Cents a Year. J. H. FORREST M. D., PRESIDENT, - W. N. WISHARD, M. D., VICE PRESIDENT. J. N. HURTY, M. D., PHAR. D., SECRETARY, T. HENRY DAVIS, M. D. - CLARK COOK, M. D. - - Marion. Indianapolis. Indianapolis. Richmond. - Fowler. ABSTRACT OF MORTALITY STATISTICS FOR AUGUST, 19O1. The number of deaths reported for the month was 2, 932, making a death rate of For the corresponding month last year there were 3, 221 deaths, which is a death rate of Compared with the preceding month, July, there is a decrease in the number of deaths of 230. This decrease as compared with July, corresponds quite satisfactorily with the morbidity reports, which shows a marked decrease in disease prevalence. The number of deaths under 1 year of age was 621, from 1 to 5 inclusive 343, 65 years and over 621. It will be noted that the number of deaths under one year of age was 21. 2% of the total number. Important causes of death were as follows: Pulmonary tuberculosis 319, other forms of tuberculosis 48, total deaths from this cause 367. It appears, therefore, that 12. 5% of the deaths during the month were caused by the " white plague. " Compared with August, 1900, we find in that month, the number of deaths from pulmonary consumption to be 242, other forms of tuberculosis 83, total 325, which is 9. 6% of the total deaths for that month. The number of deaths from typhoid fever was 137, making an annual rate per 100, 000 of 64. 2, and for the corresponding month last year this disease caused 140 deaths. Diphtheria caused 16 deaths, rate per 100, ; scarlet fever 5 deaths, rate 2. 3; whooping-cough 19 deaths, rate 8 9; pneumonia 63 deaths, rate 29. 5; diarrheal diseases 464 deaths, rate ; cerebro spinal meningitis 27 deaths, rate 12. 6; influenza 9 deaths, rate 4. 2; puerperal fever 6 deaths, rate 2. 8; cancer 69 deaths, rate 32. 3; violence 132 deaths, rate The counties in August which had a death rate above the state rate were Adams, 17. 5; Blackford, 15. 7; Dekalb, 16; Grant, 18. 5; Howard, 14; Starke, 19 2; Wabash, 14. 2; Wells, 14 5; Whitley, 17. 1; Bartholomew, 18 2; Brown, 16 9; Clinton, 15. 8; Decatur, 16. 3; Fountain, 13. 7; Franklin, 14. 4; Hamilton, 15 3; Hancock, 17. 2; Henry, 14. 1; Johnson, 14; Madison, 16. 9; Marion, 15. 7; Montgomery, 16. 8; Morgan, 14. 9; Tipton, 19. 1; Vermilion, 14. 6; Vigo, 14 8; Wayne, 16. 9; Clarke, 14; Crawford, 14; Daviess, 15. 3; Dearborn, 14. 8; Floyd, 15. 2; Gibson, 14 9; Greene, 14; Jackson, 15 9; Jefferson, 15. 4; Jen- Jennings, 17. 9; Knox, 15 8; Martin, 16; Ohio, 14. 9; Posey, 19. 5; Scott, 15. 6; Sullivan, 19. 9; Vanderburgh, 14. 4; Washington, 14. 5; Sullivan county showed the highest death rate for the month, 19 9; Fulton showed the lowest, which was 6. SANITARY SECTIONS: Northern Sanitary Section, having a population of 839, 835, and numbering 31 counties reported 883 deaths, a rate of This is an increase over the preceding month for this section, and a decrease as compared with the corresponding month of last year. The rate of this section for pulmonary tuberculosis was per 100, 000, the typhoid rate was 64. 2; diarrheal diseases ; pneumonia 29. 5; cancer Central Sanitary Section, having a population of 1, 024, 791, and numbering 33 counties reported 1, 271 deaths, an annual rate of This is a decrease as compared with the preceding month and also as compared with the corresponding month of last year. The rate of this section for pulmonary tuberculosis was per 100, 000, typhoid fever 44. 9; diarrheal diseases ; pneumonia 28. 1; cancer Southern Sanitary Section, having a population of 651, 839, and numbering 28 counties, reported 778 deaths, a rate of 14. This is a decrease as compared with the preceding month, and also as compared with the corresponding month of last year. The rate of this section for pulmonary tuberculosis was in 100, 000, typhoid fever 90. 5, diarrheal diseases 175 5, pneumonia 25. 3, cancer CITIES: All the cities in the State, having a population of 847, 302, report 1, 150 deaths, which is a rate of 16. This exceeds the rate for the whole State by 2. 3, and, compared with the preceding month, is a decrease of The number of deaths, classified according to important ages, in the cities was: Under 1 year of age, 270; 1 to 5, inclusive, 105; 65 and over, 202. This is an improvement over the preceding month and also the corresponding month in COMPARISON OF CITIES AND COUNTRY: The country deaths number 782, a rate of 12. 5, which is 3. 5 less than the city rate. The death rate from pulmonary tuberculosis in the country was per 100, 000, which is less than for the cities. The typhoid rate for the country was 68 5, which is 12 8 greater than for the cities. The diphtheria rates, rural and urban, were 6 3 and 9. 7, respectively. The diarrheal rates were , respectively. Puerperal septicaemia shows a rate

2 70 MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. of 3. 5 for the country and nil for the cities. The cancer rate was, rural, 25. 4; urban, In all but one cause of death, namely, typhoid, the country presents a less rate than the cities. CITIES BY CLASSES: Cities, Class A, having over 50, 000 population, including Indianapolis and Evansville, report 290 deaths, a rate of It is a singular coincidence that both cities in this month have exactly the same death rate, namely, The death rate for this class in August, 1900, was 18 4, and we have an improvement to record this year. Cities, Class B, having from 25, 000 to 50, 000 population, including three cities, Fort Wayne, South Bend and Terre Haute, report 151 deaths, which is a decrease of 22 deaths as compared with the preceding month, and which is a rate of This class of cities showed a death rate of in the corresponding month of Cities, Class C, having from 10, 000 to 25, 000, and including 14 cities, report 294 deaths, a rate of Compared with the preceding month this is a decrease of. 4, and compared with the corresponding month last year it is a decrease of. 9. Cities, Class D, having from 5, 000 to 10, 000 population, including 23 cities, report 225 deaths, a rate of Compared with the preceding month this is a decrease of 1. 2, and compared with the corresponding month last year is a decrease of Cities, Class E, having a population under 5, 000, numbering 36 cities, report 190 deaths, a rate of This is an increase in the rate, as compared with the preceding month, of This class of cities also shows in this month the highest death rate. Comparisons by sanitary districts are shown by map on page 73. MORBIDITY REPORT: The disease prevalence reports show the following diseases increased in prevalence in August over July: Cholera infantum, rheumatism, typhoid fever, dysentery, intermittent fever, bronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, diphtheria. The diseases which decreased in prevalence were cholera morbus, inflammation of bowels, whooping cough, scarlet fever, measles, pleuritis, erysipelas, puerperal fever. There were exactly 100 cases of smallpox reported from the following counties: Adams county 20 cases Daviess county 28 cases Porter county 3 cases Marion county 6 cases Randolph county 3 cases Dearborn county 4 cases Spencer county «12 cases Ohio county >.. 6 cases Switzerland county 11 cases Dekalb county 7 cases VITAL STATISTICS: " Their study is the study of the condition and growth of the race, and, as such, too much importance can not be attributed to them. They trace not only temporary oscillations of population, but also the greater and more significant changes. They are of utmost value in guiding sanitary legislation, and in aiding health officers, by giving warning of epidemic and infectious diseases. " Dr. Cressy L Wilbur. AS TO AN ANTI-SPITTING ORDINANCE I might begin what I have to say by calling attention to the prevalence of colds, catarrhs and more serious respiratory disorders and diseases in Logansport. In a general way it may be said of our city that it is cleaner than many other Indiana towns and small, cities, but it may be rendered much more so, and nose, throat and lung diseases still further reduced in prevalence. The cause or causes that produce these disturbances are fairly well known. Definite causes produce definite results. To persons who have never studied the matter, the origin and action of a cold or of a catarrh is something very mysterious; not so to a man who has made a study of the subject. Let me state a few facts concerning colds and catarrhs: Colds are unknown in the far north. They are practically unknown in thinly settled regions of the western United States. A western trapper living alone in the wild woods never suffers from colds, although he endures all sorts of exposures, including wet, cold and hunger. Sailors on the ocean, although exposed to all sorts of weather, do not suffer from colds and catarrh; if they do get an occasional attack it is contracted on land and soon disappears when they are again on the ocean. Colds and catarrhs occur only sparingly in Germany. Colds and catarrhs are most prevalent in the United States, and especially where people are closely congregated. The reason why colds and catarrhs do not flourish in thinly settled regions is that the air is pure; it is not laden with dust made by human beings and mixed with sputum containing the contagion or the germs of diseases. Many diseases propagate themselves like weeds If no seeds are about, no weeds will grow; if you eradicate the weed and its seed, no more of that weed will appear unless seed is again introduced from another place. The human respiratory membranes in the nose and throat and lungs are like the soil of the garden they furnish a foothold for the minute species of plants which are known as disease germs, of which many different kinds are known. The kinds producing common colds and catarrhs are widely distributed among us; the kinds producing diphtheria is rare, and when somebody is attacked by it we take precautions to prevent its spread. Ought we not take as much care in preventing colds and catarrhs as we do diphtheria? Colds and catarrhs are usually the forerunn consumption. Total 100 cases *A communication to the Logansport City Council.

3 MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 71 As you may perhaps be aware, I recently returned from a course of study in Germany. Besides the medical knowledge gained, I learned many things concerning the country and the people. Take the large city of Berlin, for instance. It is one of the cleanest cities in the world; we have nothing in the United States to compare with it. One of the most noticeable things to a physician is the comparative absence of respiratory diseases (colds, catarrh, bronchitis, consumption, pneumonia and others). Another thing that is very noticeable is the total absence of tobacco juice on the sidewalks; indeed, you scarcely ever see any spittle on the sidewalks and never any on the floor of a public building. Chewing tobacco is practically unknown in Europe, and those who smoke rarely ever spit. One day in conversation with a professor at the University of Berlin, he asked me: "Is it true that the men in the United States spit so terribly?" I had to admit that it was. "Well, then, it is no wonder that so many Americans have diseased mucous membranes. " In our further conversation he said that catarrh was an American disease, and that it is a punishment for our spitting habit. After some further discussion, he said: "Yes, it would be perfectly just that the spitters should be afflicted with catarrh, but we must think of the children and the women who are innocently infected. It is the duty of the physician to enlighten the people. According to our views, to spit about, is a habit very dangerous for the health of the community. " The great danger of colds and catarrhs is that they open the the way for other diseases. When I used to teach in the medical college, I illustrated it in this wise: The mucous membrane of the nose and throat is like a soil that has not been stirred up, and on which seed will not grow. If you sow corn or wheat on ground that has not been stirred up, plowed and harrowed, you can not expect a crop. Likewise, if you inhale the germs of pneumonia and consumption they will not get a start because the lining membranes of the air passages have not been stirred up. Now the germs of colds and catarrhs act like a plow on the soil, in that they stir it up and prepare for the growth of other disease germs. It is evident that even if the soil is stirred up and no wheat or corn is sown, no wheat or corn will appear. Likewise in the case of colds and catarrhs, if no seed or germs of pneumonia or consumption get in, no pneumonia or consumption will result If the proper cause is absent, the result of their action will also be absent. Definite causes produce definite actions or results. It is a well-known fact that with us, ordinarily, to be exposed to a "draft, " is apt to be followed by a cold. Riding in a railroad coach with an open window is a common way of getting cold. Why is this so? If I now tell you that in Germany unless the weather is very cold or rain is falling the car windows as a rule are kept open and people stick out their heads to see the scenery, and yet do not take cold, what would you conclude? The difference in the two cases is that the air of the American car is filled with particles of dried spittle containing disease germs, while in the German car the air is pure people do not spit on the floor of the car in fact they do not spit at all. A draft of air stirs up the dust and also is apt to disturb the circulation of the respiratory membranes just as getting wet feet does at times. As such disturbed circulation helps the germs to get a start, it is of course evident that if there were no disease germs in the air, no "cold" or "catarrh " would result from a draft or a wetting of the feet. The historian of Nansen's recent arctic expedition relates that although the party were much exposed to cold and wet at different times, yet while in the far north, no one suffered from a "cold" or, from "catarrh," simply because the one essential thing, the real cause, the disease germ, was absent. In this connection it might be of interest to relate that the grippe or influenza, has, at the present time overspread most of the globe, yet there are some isolated islands where it has not yet been introduced. Some day, some one sick with the disease, no doubt will carry the germ among the people there. Chronic olds and catarrhs are among the most unsatisfactory disorders of the human body to treat by the physician; often the treatment is only palliative, that is to lessen the severity of the pain and discomfort, and rarely can true curative measures or remedies be applied. Even if an attack is cured, it stands to reason that if the seeds of the disease are floating thickly in the air a new attack may soon follow. Some people suffer one attack after another, they are never free from it; their only hope of a freedom from colds and catarrhs is to go where they do not prevail. With the cause reduced in number or quantity, as it certainly can be by doing away with or modifying the spitting habit, these disorders will be reduced in frequency. Many persons who during the winter are confined to close rooms in which the air is laden with the fine particles of sputum-laden dust (the dust particles can easily be seen in a beam of sunlight) are continually afflicted by colds and catarrhs, but as soon as warm weather appears and they live more in the open air "they get well. " Why? Simply because they are getting better and more air; and the dust which they formly inhaled is blown out of the open doors and windows. When winter approaches, when doors and windows must be kept closed, what occurs? Like causes produce like affects, every time Remove the cause and the effect ceases. Although not all people who spit (I have tobacco chewers especially in mind) are afflicted with nose and respiratory disease, yet one is never sure who is and who is not afflicted and who by spitting promiscuously is perhaps propagating the disease. At best the habit of spitting tobacco juice on floors and sidewalks is disgusting and indecent and ought to be prohibited. But people chewing tobacco must spit, you will say. I will admit that with this proviso: The more they chew the more they spit. A man that takes a big mouthful will spit out large mouthfuls of juice. If a man takes only a nibble he is apt to spit only a very little. A man that uses tobacco in moderation gets as much satisfaction out of it as he who fills his mouth and spits profusely. To tell the truth, I have a good deal of contempt for the man who takes a big bite of tobacco and then spits all about

4 72 MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. him, but the man who is a slave to the weed and who chews a little unobtrusively and does not spit about, I have a good deal of sympathy for. During a three years' residence among the insane, during which time I had the medical care of from three hundred to three hundred and twenty-five men, I made a special study of the tobacco habit, and I learned how devoted some men are to the weed, and that with some men it is one of the essentials of life some men would rather miss a meal than do without a little tobacco. Some of the insane on admission are very seclusive and will have nothing whatever to do with the doctor. After withholding their supply of tobacco and then offering them a little in person, I would find them at once to assume an entirely different attitude and all their reserve and seclusive ness would vanish. The chief point I wanted to make about the use of tobacco among the insane was this: Men who have always used tobacco, and who found it a great solace in their confinement, were daily given a small quantity, with the admonition that if they spat on any floor or sidewalk they would get no more of it. In my experience I found few men so crazy but what, after a few days, they so well remembered the admonition that they would no longer spit on the floors or walks, but would use the cuspidors, or, if out with a walking party, they would spit into the gutters or on the open ground. If the insane can be taught to control their spitting, men who are supposed to be sane can certainly do the same. In the case of most men it is simply a case of thoughtlessness, and once their attention has been called to the matter they abandon their promiscuous spitting on sidewalks and on floors of buildings. But men afflicted with catarrh must spit out the accumulated catarrhal discharge, you will say. There is a good deal of truth in this assertion, but after all it is not so much in the manner of spitting as where to spit. Shall they expectorate their germ-laden, dangerous sputum on the floors of our buildings or on the sidewalks, where it will be caught up by the women's skirts, or where it will dry and be ground up as dust and be distributed to the mucous membranes of the healthy, or shall they step aside and spit into cuspidors or into the gutters? I have mentioned only respiratory disorders as resulting and being propagated by the spitting habit; others might be mentioned, as diseases of the alimentary tract in children and certain diseases in women. The trailing dresses of women brush and stir up this highly infective dust of the sidewalks; it permeates their clothing, infects them, and fills their homes and gets into the children. Colds and catarrh, so-called, occur in other parts of the body than the nose, throat and lungs, but the cause in each and every case may be the same. The germs from a catarrh in the nose can set up inflammation in different parts of the body. It should be clearly understood that dust becomes dangerous in proportion only as it is mixed with disease germs; these latter do not originate anew, but always come from some body that is afflicted. Hence it is obvious that ordinary country road dust is practically harmless, although it may mechanically irritate the eyes or the nose and throat when inhaled. That the dust of our busy streets is much more dangerous is self-evident, and this should be reduced to a minimum. Great clouds of dust in a city, besides being a possible source of disease, are certainly not calculated to make life enjoyable. This is a matter of public welfare, and a matter that, if once properly started, is easily kept enforced in fact, after public attention has once been called to the per-nicious abatement are noticed, it will be a matter of pride to keep clean surroundings. Ordinances against the spitting habit are passed by and enforced in very many cities and towns, and Logansport should be in line with the progress of other cities. Like everything else, this is a matter of education. Our attention has to be called to it; we must study it and consider its bearings. It is not a matter on which any one can give an intelligent opinion an opinion that is worth anything without carefully considering it. The above is simply a brief discussion of the subject. The matter might be pursued in great detail, but perhaps enough has been given to show the importance of the matter. To make these statements more weighty, and to give support to my opinion, I will submit this paper to the criticism of the Secretary of the State Board of Health at Indianapolis. I am reasonably sure he will approve of what I have stated above. Outside of all other considerations, it will pay the community in dollars and cents to limit promiscuous spitting. The amount of money spent in medicine for colds and catarrhs is enormous, not to mention the loss occasioned from loss of time. That I am not governed by purely selfish motives in making this argument in favor of the passage of an ordinance against the spitting habit is evidenced by the fact that, as a physician, my interests would all be the other way the more disease the better for the doctors, of whom I am one. Dr. Robert Hessler, Logansport. MONEY VALUE OF A WOMAN'S LIFE: The courts seem to have decided that a woman's life is worth only one-half as much as a man's. There are numerous court decisions awarding $ 5, 000 as the value of a man's life, and now, with striking unanimity, two different Supreme Courts, in different States, reduced judgments for damages for the deaths of women. The Supreme Court of Maine reduced a judgment for $ 3, 500 to $ 2, 500, claiming that the first sum was too great for a woman who, a milliner, supported an invalid husband and a child five years of age. The Supreme Court of New Jersey reduced a verdict of $ 5, 000 for a woman's life to $ 2, 500. This is a curious world and the courts are not the least curious things in it. * * * A NEW VIEW OF SICKNESS: Benign microbes are living in all parts of our bodies, and perform an unknown function. Possibly when we are ill it is our microbes and not we that are sick. Modern Medical Science.

5 MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 73 CHART SHOWING GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS FROM CERTAIN COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. NORTHERN Sanitary SECTION. 839, 835 Total deaths, 883 Death rate per 1, Consumption, rate per 100, Typhoid, rate per 100, Diphtheria, rate per 100, Scarlet fever, rate per 100, Diarrhoeal diseases, rate per 100, CENTRAL SANITARY SECTION. Total population Total deaths Death rate per 1, 000 Consumption, rate per 100, 000 Typhoid, rate per 100, 000 Diphtheria, rate per 100, Scarletfever,rate per 100, Diarrhoeal diseases, rate per 100, INDIANA. Wm.B.Burford.Indpls

6 TABLE No. 1. Deaths in Indiana by Geographical Sections and Counties During the Month of August, STATE AND COUNTIES. Population, based on Census Total Deaths Reported for July, Annual Death Rate per 1,000 Population. Stillbirths. IMPORTANT AGES. Under 1 Year. 1 to 5, Inclusive. 65 Years and Over. Pulmonary Consumption. Other Forms of Tuberculosis. Typhoid Fever. Diphtheria. Croup. Scarlet Fever. DEATHS FROM IMPORTANT CAUSES. Measles. Whooping Cough. Pneumonia. Diarrheal Diseases, Under 5. Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. Influenza. Puerperal Septi cemia. Cancer. Violence. Deaths in Institutions. State of Indiana. 2, 516, 462 2, Northern Co' s. 839, Adams 22, ll Allen 77, Benton 13, , 1 Blackford 17, Carroll 19, Cass 34, Dekalb 25, Elkhart 45, Fulton 17, Grant... 54, Howard 28, Huntington. 28, Jasper 14, J a y , Kosciusko 29, Lagrange.. 15, Lake.. 37, Laporte 38, Marshall 25, M i a m i... 28, Newton 10, Noble 23, Porter 19, Pulaski 14, Starke 10, Steuben... 15, St. Joseph 58, Wabash 28, Wells 23, White 19, Whitley 17, : 2 2 Central Co's 1, 024, 791 1, Bartholomew... 24, Boone 26, Brown 9, Clay... 34, Clinton 28, Decatur 19, , Delaware 49, Fayette... '. 13, Fountain 21, Franklin 16, Hamilton 29, Hancock 19, Hendricks 21, Henry 25, Johnson 20, Madison 70, Marion 197, Monroe 20, Montgomery 29, Morgan 20, Owen 15, Parke 23, Putnam 21, Randolph 28, Rush 20, Shelby 26, Tippecanoe 38, Tipton 19, ' Union 6, Vermilion 15, Vigo 62, Warren 11, Wayne 38, Southern Co's , Clark 31, Crawford 13, Daviess 29, :... Dearborn 22, Dubois 20, Floyd 30, Gibson 30, Greene 28, ll Harrison 21, Jackson 26, Jefferson 22, ll Jennings 15, Knox 32, Lawrence 25, Martin 14, Ohio 4, Orange 16, Perry 18, Pike 20, Posey 22, Ripley 19, Scott 8, Spencer 22, Sullivan 26, Switzerland 11, Vanderburgh... 71, Warrick 22, '. ' Washington... 19, (74)

7 TABLE No. II. Deaths in Indiana by Cities During the Month of August, CITIES. Population, based on Census, Total Deaths Reported for August, Annual Death Rate per 1, 000 Population. Stillbirths. IMPORTANT AGES. Under 1 Year. 1 to 5, Inclusive 65 Years and Over. Pulmonary Consumption. 1 1 Other Forms of Tuberculosis. J Typhoid Fever. Diphtheria. 1 Croup. DEATHS FROM IMPORTANT CAUSES. Scarlet Fever. Measles. Whooping Cough Pneumonia. Diarrheal Diseases, Under 5. Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. Influenza. Puerperal Septi cemia. Cancer. Violence. Deaths in Institutions. Cities over 50, 000 Population 228, Indianapolis 169, Evansville 59, Cities from 25, 000 to 50, 000 Population , Ft. Wayne 45, South Bend 35, Terre Haute 35, Cities from 10, 000 to 25, 000 Population , Anderson 20, Elkhart 15, Elwood 12, , Hammond 12, Jeffersonville 10, Kokomo 10, Lafayette 18, Logansport 16, Marion 17, Michigan City 14, Muncie 20, New Albany 20, Richmond 18, Vincennes 10, Cities from 5, 000 to 10, 000 Population , Alexandria 7, Bedford 6, Bloomington 6, Brazil 7, Columbus 8, Connersville 6, Crawfordsville 6,649 11* Frankfort 7, Goshen. 7, Greensburg 5, Hartford City 5, Huntington 9, Laporte 7, Madison 7, Mishawaka 5, Mt. Vernon 5, Peru 8, i 1 1 Princeton 6, Seymour 6, Shelbyville 7, Valparaiso 6, Wabash 8, Washington 8, Cities under 5, 000 Population 120, Attica 3, Aurora 3, Bluffton 4, Cannelton 2, 188 Too late. Clinton 2, Columbia City 2, Covington 2, Decatur 4, Delphi 2, Dunkirk 3, East Chicago 3, Franklin..: 4, Garrett 3, i Gas City 3, Greencastle 3, Greenfield 4, Huntingburg 2,527 Too late. Kendallville 3, Lawrenceburg 4, Lebanon. 4, Ligonier 2, Martinsville 4, Montpelier 3, Noblesville 4, North Vernon 2, Plymouth 3, Portland 4, Rensselaer 2, Rising Sun 1, Rushville 4, Tell City 2,680 ft Tipton 3, Union City 2, Vevay 1, Warsaw 3, Winchester 3, Total Urban Population 847, 302 1, Total Rural Population 1, 669, 160 1, (75)

8 Mortality of Indiana for August, POPULATION BY GEOGRAPHI- CAL SECTIONS AND AS URBAN AND RURAL. Population, Census Total Deaths Reported for August, Annual Death Rate per 1, 000 Population. Stillbirths. Important Ages. Per Cent. _. Per Cent. Per Cent.! 9 Deaths and Annual Death Rates per 100,000 Population from Impo - ail. * 2 State 2, 516, 462 2, Northern Co's , Central Co's 1,024, Southern Co's 651, All cities 847, 302 1, Over 50, , ,000 to 50, , ,000 to 25, , ,000 to 10, , Under 5, , Country 1,669,160 1, POPULATION BY GEOGRAPHI- CAL SECTIONS AND AS URBAN AND RURAL. Deaths and Annual Death Rates per 100,000 Population from Important Causes. Scarlett., Diarrheal Cerebro- Puerperal Scarlet Measles. Whooping Pneu- Diseases, Spinal Influenza. Septi- Cancer. Violence. Sm State Northern Co's Central Co's Southern Co's All cities Over 50, ,000 to 50, ,000 to 25, , 000 to10, Under 5, Country Meteorological Summary for August, 1901, Furnished by the Central Office, Indiana Section, Climatic and Crop Service, U. S. Weather Bureau, Indianapolis, Ind., September13,1901. W. T. BLYTHE' SECTION DIRECTOR. CONDITION OF TEMPERATURE. PRECIPITATION. Wind. SECTIONS. Mean. Departure from Normal. Degree. Date. Highest. Lowest. Inches. Place. Degree. Date. Place. Average. Departure from Normal. Snowfall Unmelted. & 'Si i., I I iij 1 i ft O Pi Q P4 Northern Counties (f Jjamn** 0!". '. ' } U n T P eka E. Central Counties Prairie Creek North field N. E. Southern Counties Vincennes Bedford N. E. State Prairie Creek Topeka N. E. (76)