Unit 4 Student Guided Notes
|
|
- Coleen Gibbs
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Structure of Viruses Discovery of the Virus Unit 4 Student Guided Notes Many human epidemics were well documented and observed in history, but. The following 3 discoveries shaped our knowledge of viruses and disease Jenner's Experiment (1700's).. He discovered that milkmaids who contracted cowpox and recovered. On the 14 May 1796, a young milkmaid called Sarah Nelmes came to see him with blister like sores. which he would inject later. To test his hypothesis Jenner approached a local farmer and explained that if his theory was correct, the man's son James would never contract smallpox. Surprisingly, the farmer agreed. Jenner made two small cuts on James's left arm. He then poured the liquid from Sarah's cowpox sores into the open wounds which he bandaged. James got sick with cowpox but once recovered and exposed to smallpox he did not become ill with the smallpox disease. This was an extremely risky experiment, but James lived and Jenner had found a way to prevent smallpox. Jenner called his idea " " from the word vaccinia which is latin for cowpox. Jenner also introduced the term.
2 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). The virus caused a blotchiness on the leaves of tobacco crops making them unmarketable and worthless. Solving this problem was a priority as tobacco was an important crop in these times. A German scientist, Adolf Meyer, suggested that Mosaic disease was contagious and proposed that the infectious agent was an unusually small bacterium that could not be seen with a microscope. He tested his hypothesis by successfully transmitted the disease by spraying sap from infected plants onto the healthy ones. Using a microscope, he examined the sap and was unable to identify a microbe. In 1897 a Dutch microbiologist, Martinus Beijerinck, He ruled out the theory that a filterable toxin such as bacteria caused the disease by demonstrating that the infectious agent in filtered sap could reproduce. So what exactly is a Virus??? A virus is a. Viruses and because of this feature are considered. In fact, viruses are. Viruses affect all types of cells,. For example, bacteriophages, the tobacco mosaic virus infects only plants and the rabies virus only infects mammals. Viruses can be even more specific than this. Some human viruses even specialize in specific
3 tissue. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects specific types of white blood cells and the polio virus. Viruses are so specific because the capsid binds with in the host cell's plasma membrane. If the receptors do not match then the virus cannot attach. Once attached to a cell, the virus within the host cell for its own purposes. Viruses and their relationship to host cells has led to the hypothesis that the. This statement suggests that viruses evolved after cells developed. If so, this means that new viruses are developing all the time. New viruses can develop. This means that antibodies produced by the body can work against one type of virus, but might not recognize the new mutated virus. Virus Structure There are to viruses: 1. Proteins forms a structure called the coat or. The capsid acts as the protective covering for the nucleic acid it contains. The proteins in the virus capsid must match the protein markers on the surface of the membrane of the cell it is trying to invade. As previously stated this feature is responsible for viral specificity. 2. Nucleic acids - All viruses contain either DNA or RNA,. This means that instead of using DNA to control the activities of the host cell
4 which can then direct the activities of the host cell to reproduce viral particles. There are many different shapes and types of viruses but, because of the similarities between bacteriophages and animal cell viruses, the bacteriophage can be viewed as a model for animal cell viruses. The diagram above is of a typical bacteriophage. Head Region -. The Tail - The Plug is a - The to a bacterial host cell. Viral Replication do not reproduce, they. Host cells. Viruses are specific to a particular host cell because part of the capsid binds to the receptor on the host cell's plasma membrane in a lock and key fashion. The virus then will inject its viral nucleic acid into the host cell and. Replication of Bacteriophages Bacteriophages are viruses that are parasitic to bacteria. These phages must use bacteria to replicate. Phages have two types of cycles. In the virus is replicated within the host cell resulting in releasing all of the newly formed virus particles. In the
5 sometime in the future. Reproductive Cycles Lytic Cycle There are five key stages to the lytic cycle Capsid combines with the bacteria's receptor in a lock and key fashion Enzymes from the virus start to eat away the bacterial cell wall and will inject its viral DNA into the bacterial cell At this stage the virus inactivates the bacterial genes and takes over the metabolic functions to produce copies of DNA and produce the capsid During this stage, the viral DNA and capsids are put together.
6 5. - Lysosomes are made and produce hydrolytic enzymes to eat a hole in the cell wall of the bacteria. At this time, the cell will lyse and the newly formed viruses will leave the host cell. Lysogenic Cycle, the, but. During the lysogenic cycle, the phage becomes a prophage that is integrated into the host genome (DNA). At a later time, the phage may start the lytic cycle. When a virus is latent i.e., it is called a prophage.. Examples of lysogenic Viruses: Herpes, Hepatitis, HIV
7 Retroviruses Retroviruses are viruses that have the. These viruses contains an enzyme called. This enzyme (in other words, it allows the RNA to make DNA)., which can hide in the host's DNA.. An example of a retrovirus is HIV and some that cause cancers. Are Viruses Alive? What are the characteristics of life? How do we define whether something is living or not? Living things Require a constant energy supply Contain enzymes. 8. Can move.
8 So, are viruses living or nonliving? The following table gives evidence to support each theory. Living Viruses have DNA or RNA and protein. No non living thing carries nucleic acid (slightly different variations) Viruses display continuity Non-living Viruses do not eat Viruses do not grow Viruses have the ability to reproduce One generation follows another Viruses contain enzymes Viruses do not reproduce on their own. Viruses are parasitic Viruses do not move Viruses things as they do not exhibit many of the characteristics of life. Viruses are not classified in the classification system because they are and should not be classified with organisms that are cellular. Viruses are generally smaller than 200 nm in diameter and can be crystalized. Viral Diseases We now know that viruses are considered pathogens that cause disease. We know that many of these diseases are specific to a particular type of host cell
9 and that viruses are not considered living as they require this host cell to reproduce. We also know that viruses cause a large variety of diseases. Some while. Some new antiviral medications are being developed but are only used in special circumstances at this time. Viral pathogens are newsworthy. You may recognize the ones in the list below. You will notice that there is a lot of variety in the structure and function of these viruses. This variety is not a surprise as viruses have been evolving for a very long time along with the cells they infect. The photo above is a micrograph of an Adenovirus that causes the common cold. You know the symptoms. Photos below are of Smallpox which causes high fever and the formation of small blisters on the skin. (1970's). Let's hope it stays that way as vaccinations ceased in the 1980's.
10 Photos below are of the Polio virus which is transmitted through direct contact and feces and the IRON LUNG. Polio destroys nerve cells and causes paralysis. It may well be the next viral disease eliminated by a vaccine. Hanta Virus Hanta virus. The result is. There is no vaccine so avoid contact with mice! West Nile Virus West Nile virus is transmitted. The virus (encephalitis). There is no vaccine so avoid contact with mosquitoes.. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
11 . Transmission of the virus is. It is estimated that 50 million people are infected worldwide. There is no vaccine but there are effective drugs that can slow the disease but not cure it. Ebola Ebola was first recognized in It is. There is no vaccine but outbreaks have been controllable (so far). This virus is often the source of inspiration for movies such as "Outbreak" Preventing Viral Diseases Antibiotics are. Antibiotics are designed to disrupt the metabolism of organisms. They work on bacteria but. The best way to stop viral infections is to prevent them from getting into the body to find a host cell. The term is often used to describe the degree to which a particular pathogen is infectious. The human body has 3 major lines of defense against disease caused by viruses and bacteria. The Primary line of defense is made up. These barriers include: skin, hair, earwax, boogers, saliva, stomach acid, cilia in the throat, mucus, tears, oil, etc.
12 The first line of defense is almost always enough to stop invaders. However, and the pathogens are able to move inside the body. When this happens. These are the secondary and tertiary lines of defense. Secondary line of defense is made up of Phagocytic white blood cells that deactivate and then engulf the viruses destroying them. When the secondary line of defense cannot destroy the invaders the Tertiary line of defense is activated. The tertiary line of defense is made up of. The antibodies find the chemical signal the antigen is excreting and latches on to it. Different pathogens have different markers. Antibodies are made specific to each marker. B-Cells ( ) release antibodies. (They tag the incoming virus for destruction).. Viruses are destroyed later by phagocytic white blood cells. Additional defense against viruses are produced by virus. Interferons slow viral infection and allow WBCs and antibodies to respond. And are chemicals that (cell-eating WBCs) in the blood. Pathogens are engulfed and digested by the phagocytes.
13 Achieving Immunity are used to produce immunity against pathogens. It is the process of infecting a person with a.
Chapter 18. Viral Genetics. AP Biology
Chapter 18. Viral Genetics 2003-2004 1 A sense of size Comparing eukaryote bacterium virus 2 What is a virus? Is it alive? DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein coat Viruses are not cells Extremely tiny electron
More informationViruses 101., and concluded that living organisms do not crystallize. In other words,.
Viruses 101 In 1897, Dutch scientist called tiny particles in the liquid extracted from a plant disease, which is the Latin word for. In 1935, American biochemist isolated crystals of, and concluded that
More informationAP Biology. Viral diseases Polio. Chapter 18. Smallpox. Influenza: 1918 epidemic. Emerging viruses. A sense of size
Hepatitis Viral diseases Polio Chapter 18. Measles Viral Genetics Influenza: 1918 epidemic 30-40 million deaths world-wide Chicken pox Smallpox Eradicated in 1976 vaccinations ceased in 1980 at risk population?
More informationOverview: Chapter 19 Viruses: A Borrowed Life
Overview: Chapter 19 Viruses: A Borrowed Life Viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli Viruses lead a kind of borrowed life between
More informationUnit 13.2: Viruses. Vocabulary capsid latency vaccine virion
Unit 13.2: Viruses Lesson Objectives Describe the structure of viruses. Outline the discovery and origins of viruses. Explain how viruses replicate. Explain how viruses cause human disease. Describe how
More informationCONTENTS. 1. Introduction. 4. Virology. 2. Virus Structure. 5. Virus and Medicine. 3. Virus Replication. 6. Review
CONTENTS 1. Introduction 4. Virology 2. Virus Structure 5. Virus and Medicine 3. Virus Replication 6. Review We have all gotten viruses from bacteria, plants to animals. Viruses cause colds, flu, warts
More information1. Virus 2. Capsid 3. Envelope
VIRUSES BIOLOGY II VOCABULARY- VIRUSES (22 Words) 1. Virus 2. Capsid 3. Envelope 4. Provirus 5. Retrovirus 6. Reverse transcriptase 7. Bacteriophage 8. Lytic Cycle 9. Virulent 10. Lysis 11. Lysogenic Cycle
More informationViruses. Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to:
Name: 3.5 Responses to Stimuli Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to: 3.5.4 Viruses 1. Explain the problem of defining what a virus is - living or non-living? 2. show you
More informationSome living things are made of ONE cell, and are called. Other organisms are composed of many cells, and are called. (SEE PAGE 6)
Section: 1.1 Question of the Day: Name: Review of Old Information: N/A New Information: We tend to only think of animals as living. However, there is a great diversity of organisms that we consider living
More information19 2 Viruses Slide 1 of 34
1 of 34 What Is a Virus? What Is a Virus? Viruses are particles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases, lipids. Viruses can reproduce only by infecting living cells. 2 of 34 What Is a Virus? Viruses
More informationStructure & Function of Viruses
Structure & Function of Viruses Discovery of Viruses Louis Pasteur- looks for a causative agent for rabies, says too small, can not find it 1892 Dimitry Ivanosky- studies tobacco disease, can not find
More informationSECTION 25-1 REVIEW STRUCTURE. 1. The diameter of viruses ranges from about a. 1 to 2 nm. b. 20 to 250 nm. c. 1 to 2 µm. d. 20 to 250 µm.
SECTION 25-1 REVIEW STRUCTURE VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. virus 2. capsid 3. retrovirus 4. viroid 5. prion MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. The diameter of
More informationDiscovery of. 1892: Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky publishes. 1931: first images of viruses obtained using
Discovery of (1884: invention of the Chamberland filter with pores smaller than bacteria) 1892: Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky publishes a paper in which shows that extracts from diseased tobacco plants
More informationCh. 19 Viruses & Bacteria: What Is a Virus?
Ch. 19 Viruses & Bacteria: What Is a Virus? A virus is an invective agent consisting of a nucleic acid in a protein coat, able to multiply only within the living cells of a host. A bacteriophage ( bacteria
More informationBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: VIRUSES
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: VIRUSES Viruses: a Group of Intracellular Parasites In the 19th century, many rabies cases plagued Europe. In London, for example, 29 deaths by "hydrophobia" were enumerated in the
More informationBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: VIRUSES
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: VIRUSES Viruses: a Group of Intracellular Parasites In the 19th century, many rabies cases plagued Europe. In London, for example, 29 deaths by "hydrophobia" were enumerated in the
More informationViruses. Rotavirus (causes stomach flu) HIV virus
Viruses Rotavirus (causes stomach flu) HIV virus What is a virus? A virus is a microscopic, infectious agent that may infect any type of living cell. Viruses must infect living cells in order to make more
More information2.1 VIRUSES. 2.1 Learning Goals
2.1 VIRUSES 2.1 Learning Goals To understand the structure, function, and how Viruses replicate To understand the difference between Viruses to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; namely that viruses are not classified
More information1/29/2013. Viruses and Bacteria. Infectious Disease. Pathogens cause disease by: Chapters 16 and 17
Viruses and Bacteria Chapters 16 and 17 Infectious Disease Caused by the invasion of a host by agents whose activities harm the host s tissues Can be transmitted to others Pathogen microorganisms that
More informationChapter 39 Viruses. Viruses are tiny. They are much smaller (50 times) than a bacterium.
Chapter 39 Viruses Viruses are tiny. They are much smaller (50 times) than a bacterium. They are not made of cellsand cannot reproduceon their own. Therefore they are not alive according to our rules.
More informationDate. Student Name. Prompt: This passage is called Characteristics of Viruses. It is about viruses.
Student Name Characteristics of Viruses--Part I Level High School - Science Date _ Prompt: This passage is called Characteristics of Viruses. It is about viruses. Similarities and Differences Between Viruses
More information11/15/2011. Outline. Structural Features and Characteristics. The Good the Bad and the Ugly. Viral Genomes. Structural Features and Characteristics
Chapter 19 - Viruses Outline I. Viruses A. Structure of viruses B. Common Characteristics of Viruses C. Viral replication D. HIV II. Prions The Good the Bad and the Ugly Viruses fit into the bad category
More informationStarting with MICROBIOLOGY
Starting with MICROBIOLOGY Micro means very small and biology is the study of living things. Microbes are the oldest form of life on Earth. They've been here for 3.8 billion years! Microbes live everywhere.
More informationSection A: The Genetics of Viruses
CHAPTER 18 MICROBIAL MODELS: THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES AND BACTERIA Section A: The Genetics of Viruses 1. Researchers discovered viruses by studying a plant disease 2. A virus is a genome enclosed in a protective
More informationA virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. [2]
GUIDED READING - Ch. 19 - VIRUSES NAME: Please print out these pages and HANDWRITE the answers directly on the printouts. Typed work or answers on separate sheets of paper will not be accepted. Importantly,
More informationBIOLOGY. Viruses CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick TENTH EDITION
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 19 Viruses Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 19.1 Are the viruses (red) budding from this
More information19 Viruses BIOLOGY. Outline. Structural Features and Characteristics. The Good the Bad and the Ugly. Structural Features and Characteristics
9 Viruses CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Outline I. Viruses A. Structure of viruses B. Common Characteristics of Viruses C. Viral replication D. HIV Lecture Presentation
More informationSize nm m m
1 Viral size and organization Size 20-250nm 0.000000002m-0.000000025m Virion structure Capsid Core Acellular obligate intracellular parasites Lack organelles, metabolic activities, and reproduction Replicated
More informationViruses. and Prions. ct o, ni, 21. Viruses. Table 2. Essential Questions
ct o, ni, 21 Essential Questions ;1 What is the general structure of a virus? What are similarities and differences in the lytic cycle, the lysogenic cycle, and retroviral replication? I What is the relationship
More informationPart I. Content: History of Viruses. General properties of viruses. Viral structure. Viral classifications. Virus-like agents.
Viruses Part I Content: History of Viruses. General properties of viruses. Viral structure. Viral classifications. Virus-like agents. History Through the 1800s, many scientists discovered that something
More informationLEC 2, Medical biology, Theory, prepared by Dr. AYAT ALI
General Characteristics, Structure and Taxonomy of Viruses Viruses A virus is non-cellular organisms made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells. They are considered both a living
More informationWarts are a skin virus!
Viruses Warts are a skin virus! Herpes mouth virus: Other Viral Diseases Measles Polio Smallpox Influenza Hepatitis B Virus Viruses & Cancer Human Papilloma Virus HPV Tree Man - HPV Is a Virus a Living
More informationLecture 2: Virology. I. Background
Lecture 2: Virology I. Background A. Properties 1. Simple biological systems a. Aggregates of nucleic acids and protein 2. Non-living a. Cannot reproduce or carry out metabolic activities outside of a
More informationChapter 6: Fighting Disease
Chapter 6: Fighting Disease Lesson 1: Infectious Disease How Do Pathogens Cause Disease? Ancient times, people had different ideas about what caused disease. - Evil spirits - Swamp air - Imbalance of four
More informationKEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans. 31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness Germ theory states that microorganisms
More information18.2 Viruses and Prions
KEY CONCEPT Infections can be caused in several ways. Viruses, bacteria, viroids, and prions can all cause infection. Any disease-causing agent is called a pathogen. 1 nanometer (nm) = one billionth of
More informationName Class Date. Infection in which a virus inserts its nucleic acid into the DNA of the host cell and is duplicated with the cell s DNA
Name Class Date 20.1 Viruses Lesson Objectives Explain how viruses reproduce. Explain how viruses cause infection. BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart below shows key terms from the lesson with their definitions.
More informationDr. Gary Mumaugh. Viruses
Dr. Gary Mumaugh Viruses Viruses in History In 1898, Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of foot-and-mouth disease in livestock was an infectious particle smaller than any
More informationVIRUSES. 1. Describe the structure of a virus by completing the following chart.
AP BIOLOGY MOLECULAR GENETICS ACTIVITY #3 NAME DATE HOUR VIRUSES 1. Describe the structure of a virus by completing the following chart. Viral Part Description of Part 2. Some viruses have an envelope
More information18.2. Viral Structure and Reproduction. Viruses differ in shape and in ways of entering
18.2 Viral Structure and Reproduction VOCABULARY bacteriophage lytic infection lysogenic infection prophage compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role
More informationPurpose: To describe the characteristics of viruses and how they infect a host cell.
Intro to Viruses Group Worksheet Name: Per: # Purpose: To describe the characteristics of viruses and how they infect a host cell. Directions: Discuss the following questions as a group and use the resources
More informationViruses. Instructions fill in the blanks with the appropriate term to have the sentence make sense.
Viruses Part 1 Viral Life Cycle Instructions fill in the blanks with the appropriate term to have the sentence make sense. 1.) A virus is not considered to be a living organism by most scientists. It is
More informationStudy Guide 23, 24 & 47
Study Guide 23, 24 & 47 STUDY GUIDE SECTION 23-3 Bacteria and Humans Name Period Date 1. One bacterial disease that is transmitted by contaminated drinking water is a. Lyme disease b. gonorrhea c. tuberculosis
More informationViruses. Picture from:
Viruses Understand the structure of bacteriophages & human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Appreciate that viruses replicate in host cells (thereby destroying them) Picture from: http://eands.caltech.edu/articles/lxvii1/viruses.html
More informationbacteria review 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria?
Name: Date: 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria? 5. How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics? A. ribosome B. cytoplasm C. cell
More information19/06/2013. Viruses are not organisms (do not belong to any kingdom). Viruses are not made of cells, have no cytoplasm, and no membranes.
VIRUSES Many diseases of plants and animals are caused by bacteria or viruses that invade the body. Bacteria and viruses are NOT similar kinds of micro-organisms. Bacteria are classified as living organisms,
More informationImmune System. How your body goes to war to keep you well
Immune System How your body goes to war to keep you well WATCH OUT! Millions of bacteria and viruses are everywhere. Many aim to find a host and invade the body. HOW CAN WE DEFEND AGAINST IT? The Bad Guys
More informationPathogens and the Immune System The War Begins. The Enemy - immune system responds to antigens ( ); for us this means a pathogen
Pathogens and the Immune System The War Begins The Enemy immune system responds to antigens ( ); for us this means a pathogen pathogens ( ) try to colonize your body bacterial pathogens produce toxins
More informationChapter 19: Viruses. 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction. 2. Bacteriophages. 3. Animal Viruses. 4. Viroids & Prions
Chapter 19: Viruses 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction 2. Bacteriophages 3. Animal Viruses 4. Viroids & Prions 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction Chapter Reading pp. 393-396 What exactly is a Virus? Viruses
More informationUNIT 6: PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 31: Immune System and Disease
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned
More informationWednesday, October 19, 16. Viruses
Viruses Image of an animal cell More realistic size of a virus compared to an animal cell Cells can fulfill all characteristics of life Viruses on their own can be considered lifeless chemicals, unless?
More informationBacteria and Viruses
CHAPTER 13 LESSON 3 Bacteria and Viruses What are viruses? Key Concepts What are viruses? How do viruses affect human health? What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree
More informationChapter 19: Viruses. 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction. What exactly is a Virus? 11/7/ Viral Structure & Reproduction. 2.
Chapter 19: Viruses 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction 2. Bacteriophages 3. Animal Viruses 4. Viroids & Prions 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction Chapter Reading pp. 393-396 What exactly is a Virus? Viruses
More informationUnit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms
Unit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms NC Essential Standard: 1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments 2.1.2 Analyze how various organisms
More informationPHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY JIGAR SHAH INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY NIRMA UNIVERSITY
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY JIGAR SHAH INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY NIRMA UNIVERSITY VIRUS - HISTORY In 1886, the Dutch Chemist Adolf Mayer showed TMD In 1892, the Russian Bactriologist Dimtri Iwanowski isolate
More informationMicrobiology Chapter 7 Viruses
Microbiology Chapter 7 Viruses 7:1 Viral Structure and Classification VIRUS: a biological particle composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein coat CAPSID: protein coat surrounding a
More informationChapter 8 Review. 4. Scientists do not consider viruses as true living organisms because they
Chapter 8 Review Multiple Choice 1. A disruption of homeostasis can result in all of the following except A. illness C. disease B. death D. stability 2. Infectious diseases result from A. genetic defects
More informationUnit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms
Unit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms NC Essential Standard: 1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments 2.1.2 Analyze how various organisms
More informationBacteriophage Reproduction
Bacteriophage Reproduction Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles The following information is taken from: http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/index.html#charvir Bacteriophage Structure More complex
More informationChapter Pages Transmission
Chapter 19.2 Pages 442-448 Transmission Immunity There are three lines of defense: 1 The skin and mucous membranes are a nonspecific barrier to infection. 2 Macrophages attack pathogens that enter the
More informationAre viruses alive? Name: Date:
Name: Date: Are viruses alive? Anyone with a cold or the flu virus feels as if they are under attack by some organism. But in the scientific community it's still an open-ended question. This is why viruses
More informationNotes: Virology. Read & Answer Questions from the following notes into your ISN to study
Notes: Virology Read & Answer Questions from the following notes into your ISN to study Virus Notes Review Questions Glue in & Answer on paper. Get Teacher Stamp. 1. Identify 3 things found in cells that
More informationChapter 6- An Introduction to Viruses*
Chapter 6- An Introduction to Viruses* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. 6.1 Overview of Viruses
More informationThe Immune System. Protective system that fight disease in the body. Includes parts of the circulatory system and lymph system.
The Immune System Protective system that fight disease in the body. Includes parts of the circulatory system and lymph system. The immune system recognizes, attacks, destroys, and remembers each kind of
More informationChapter 17. Infectious Diseases
Chapter 17 Infectious Diseases Lesson 1 What is an infectious disease? Infectious disease Is any disease that is caused by an agent that can be passed from one living thing to another. Disease causing
More informationMicrobiology. Microbiology
Microbiology Microbiology What are GERMS? What are GERMS? Microorganisms that make you sick (pathogens) There are many different types of microorganisms: Bacteria (strep throat, food poisoning like E.
More informationChapter 19. Viruses. Concept 19.1 A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
Chapter 19 Viruses Lecture Outline Overview: A Borrowed Life Viruses are the simplest biological systems. Most viruses are little more than aggregates of nucleic acids and protein genes in a protein coat.
More informationAP Biology Reading Guide. Concept 19.1 A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
AP Biology Reading Guide Name Chapter 19: Viruses Overview Experimental work with viruses has provided important evidence that genes are made of nucleic acids. Viruses were also important in working out
More informationViral reproductive cycle
Lecture 29: Viruses Lecture outline 11/11/05 Types of viruses Bacteriophage Lytic and lysogenic life cycles viruses viruses Influenza Prions Mad cow disease 0.5 µm Figure 18.4 Viral structure of capsid
More informationImmunity and Infection. Chapter 17
Immunity and Infection Chapter 17 The Chain of Infection Transmitted through a chain of infection (six links) Pathogen: Disease causing microorganism Reservoir: Natural environment of the pathogen Portal
More informationChapter 19: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Chapter 19: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria What is Microbiology? Microbiology is the science that studies microorganisms = living things that are too small to be seen with the naked eye Microorganisms
More informationViruses defined acellular organisms genomes nucleic acid replicate inside host cells host metabolic machinery ribosomes
The Viruses Viruses Viruses may be defined as acellular organisms whose genomes consist of nucleic acid, obligately replicate inside host cells using host metabolic machinery and ribosomes to form a pool
More informationAcute respiratory illness This is a disease that typically affects the airways in the nose and throat (the upper respiratory tract).
Influenza glossary Adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US https://www.cdc.gov/flu/glossary/index.htm and the World Health Organization http://www.wpro.who.int/emerging_diseases/glossary_rev_sept28.pdf?ua=1
More informationBacteria & Viruses. Biology Science Department
Bacteria & Viruses What do you already know? What are the differences between viruses and bacteria? Are all bacteria harmful? When you get a cold, should you take an antibiotic to help you get better?
More informationChapter 3 - The Immune System
Chapter 3 - The Immune System What are germs? We all have heard that washing your hands helps stop the spread of germs What are germs exactly? Germs are disease-causing invaders or organisms, also called
More informationInfectious Diseases through Viruses. Obj. 3.c. & 3.g.
Infectious Diseases through Viruses Obj. 3.c. & 3.g. Diseases Caused By Cells A disease is a condition that stops the body from functioning normally. Non-infectious diseases are not spread from person
More informationChapter 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions. Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003
Chapter 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions Biology 1009 Microbiology Johnson-Summer 2003 Viruses Virology-study of viruses Characteristics: acellular obligate intracellular parasites no ribosomes or means
More informationSTRUCTURE, GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND REPRODUCTION OF VIRUSES
STRUCTURE, GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND REPRODUCTION OF VIRUSES Introduction Viruses are noncellular genetic elements that use a living cell for their replication and have an extracellular state. Viruses
More informationIMMUNE SYSTEM. Biology 2201
IMMUNE SYSTEM Biology 2201 What is a disease? Other than an injury, any change in the body that interferes with the normal functioning of the body. Two Types of Diseases Non-infectious often called functional
More informationIMMUNE SYSTEM. Biology What is a disease? Other than an injury, any change in the body that interferes with the normal functioning of the body.
IMMUNE SYSTEM Biology 2201 What is a disease? Other than an injury, any change in the body that interferes with the normal functioning of the body. 1 Two Types of Diseases Non-infectious often called functional
More informationThe Immune System: Your Defense Against Disease
The Immune System: Your Defense Against Disease Terms: Immune System: body s primary defense against disease-causing microorganisms. Immune: condition in which a body is able to permanently fight a disease.
More informationViruses, Viroids, and Prions
2.2 Figure 1 Human infl uenza viruses cause seasonal fl u. It would take 10 million viruses placed side by side to cover a distance of 1 mm. virus a small infectious particle containing genetic material
More informationImmune System. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: Immune System Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the bacteria is the cause of pneumonia? a. staphylococci c. Treponema
More informationStudent Exploration: Virus Lytic Cycle
Name: Date: Student Exploration: Virus Lytic Cycle Vocabulary: bacteriophage, capsid, host cell, lyse, lytic cycle, virus Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. A computer virus
More informationCE Unit. Viruses and Vaccines
CE Unit Viruses and Vaccines DO NOT WRITE What is a virus? Have you ever had a virus? What is a vaccine? How is a virus different from bacteria? What are the deadliest viruses? 10. Dengue fever 50 million
More informationDISEASE HOW ARE DISEASES SPREAD?
DISEASE HOW ARE DISEASES SPREAD? Starter: How is your body like a castle? Our skin is like the castle walls but microbes can enter through gaps in the defences AIM Can use simple physical models to show
More informationThe immune system is made up of a complex and vital network of cells and organs that protect the body from infection.
IMMUNE SYSTEM Viruses, bacteria and other germs are all around us. Most of the time, a healthy immune system keeps us well. The purpose of the immune system is to keep infectious micro-organisms, such
More informationThe Human Immune System. Video
The Human Immune System Video What is the immune system? The body s defense against disease causing organisms, malfunctioning cells, and foreign particles The First Line of Defense - The dead, outer layer
More informationViruses. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Miss Zeina Alkudmani
Viruses CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Miss Zeina Alkudmani History Through the 1800s, many scientists discovered that something smaller than bacteria could cause disease and they called it virion (Latin
More informationThe Human Immune System. Video
The Human Immune System Video What is the immune system? The body s defense against disease causing organisms, malfunctioning cells, and foreign particles A collections of cells, tissues, and organs that
More informationYour Body's Defenses
Your Body's Defenses For follow up on these notes read: Holt: pages 710 720 MSLS: pages 410 420 Blue writing indicates a video is linked to the picture. Click the pictures! Links to Videos are listed on
More informationVirology Introduction. Definitions. Introduction. Structure of virus. Virus transmission. Classification of virus. DNA Virus. RNA Virus. Treatment.
DEVH Virology Introduction Definitions. Introduction. Structure of virus. Virus transmission. Classification of virus. DNA Virus. RNA Virus. Treatment. Definitions Virology: The science which study the
More informationHistory electron microscopes
Viruses History Through the 1800s, many scientists discovered that something smaller than bacteria could cause disease and they called it virion (Latin word- poison) In the 1930s, after the invention of
More informationNOTES KEY. Chapter 19 Bacteria (Biotic) and Viruses (Abiotic)
NOTES KEY Chapter 19 Bacteria (Biotic) and Viruses (Abiotic) BACTERIA - PROKARYOTES Page 471 Definition: Single celled organisms that lack a nucleus, the DNA is free floating in the cytoplasm Classifying
More informationImmune System. Before You Read. Read to Learn
Immune System 37 section 1 Infectious Diseases Biology/Life Sciences 10.d Students know there are important differences between bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication,
More informationWHY? Viruses are considered non-living because they do:
Viruses What is a Virus? Non-living particle WHY? Viruses are considered non-living because they do: NOT Carry out metabolism NOT Grow or develop NOT Replicate without the help of a living cell (host).
More informationRevisiting the Definition of Living Thing
Biology of Viruses (Ch 0 p77 and 88-9) What do you already know about viruses? Revisiting the Definition of Living Thing How did we define a living thing? H0 DOMAIN ARCHAEA virus So, if the Cell Theory
More informationعلم األحياء الدقيقة Microbiology Introduction to Virology & Immunology
علم األحياء الدقيقة Microbiology Introduction to Virology & Immunology What is a virus? Viruses may be defined as acellular organisms whose genomes consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), and which obligatory
More informationSTAAR Biology: Assessment Activities. Cell Structure and Function. The Charles A. Dana Center at The University of Texas at Austin
Cell Structure and Function Viruses: Structure, Replication, and Disease 69 70 Cell Structure and Function Teacher Pages Purpose The purpose of this station is to reinforce students understanding of the
More informationDr. Ahmed K. Ali. Outcomes of the virus infection for the host
Lec. 9 Dr. Ahmed K. Ali Outcomes of the virus infection for the host In the previous few chapters we have looked at aspects of the virus replication cycle that culminate in the exit of infective progeny
More information