Chapter 10. Objectives. Describe the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases. Describe how the human body fights diseases.

Transcription

1 Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body Objectives Describe the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases. Describe how the human body fights diseases.

2 Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body Disease What Is Disease? A disease is any harmful change in the health of your body or mind. What Is a Pathogen? A pathogen is anything, especially a virus or microorganism, that causes disease. Many diseases are caused by pathogens. Microorganisms can include bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

3 Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases What Is an Infectious Disease? An infectious disease is any disease that is caused by pathogens that invade the body. Communicable diseases can be passed from one person to another What Is a Noninfectious Disease? A noninfectious disease is a disease that is not caused by a pathogen. Chronic diseases last a long time

4 Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body

5 Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body Defenses Against Disease Your body s first lines of defense against infectious diseases include the following: 1. Skin: protective wall to keep organisms out 2. Mucous membranes: traps pathogens 3. Sweat, saliva, and tears: contain chemicals that kill bacteria 4. Stomach acid: contains chemical that kill bacteria 5. Helpful microorganisms: take up space and food

6 Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body The Immune System What Makes Up Your Immune System? The tissues, organs, and cells that fight pathogens make up your immune system. Your immune system consists of white blood cells and several organs, such as the spleen. White Blood Cells White Blood Cells seek out and destroy pathogens. Spleen: contains the WBC and releases them to fight pathogens Taking care of your immune system: eat healthy, rest, exercise and reduce stress

7 Lesson 2 Infectious Diseases Objectives Identify four causes of infectious diseases. Explain how the spread of common infectious diseases can be prevented.

8 Lesson 2 Infectious Diseases Viruses A virus is a tiny, disease-causing particle that invades a healthy cell and instructs that cell to make more viruses. Viruses are NOT living things. A virus that is spread by direct contact is Herpes. It can be spread by shaking hands or kissing. A virus that is spread by indirect contact is the flu. It can be spread by germs in the air or objects that have been used by someone who is sick.

9 Lesson 2 Infectious Diseases Some viral diseases can be prevented with a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate your immune system to produce antibodies that fight off invading pathogens.

10 Lesson 2 Infectious Diseases Bacteria Bacteria are living things that can live on their own. Bacteria can spread through indirect of direct contact as well as through: air, water and soil. You can control the spread of bacteria by: washing your hands, not sharing drinks or utensils, and getting treatment before it spreads Most bacterial disease can be treated with antibiotics that are used to stop the growth or kill bacteria.

11 Lesson 2 Infectious Diseases Protozoa and Parasites Protozoa are small, single-celled organisms that have a nucleus. Some protozoa are parasites. Diseases caused by parasites can include: 1. malaria 2. diarrhea 3. tapeworm infections The parasite GIARDIA can be found in water and can cause stomach upset, stomach cramps and diarrhea.

12 Lesson 2 Infectious Diseases Fungi Fungi are complex organisms that cannot make their own food. The most common fungal diseases are yeast infections and athlete s foot. Some fungal diseases are caused by person to person contact, others are spread by fungal spores in the air, water or soil. Most fungal diseases can be treated by medicines applied to the skin.

13 Lesson 3 Controlling Infectious Diseases Protecting Yourself Do the following things to protect yourself against infection: 1. Stay away from people who are sick. 2. Practice good hygiene. (WASH YOUR HANDS) 3. Maintain a healthy diet. 4. Get plenty of rest and exercise. 5. Get vaccinated.

14 Lesson 3 Controlling Infectious Diseases Protecting Yourself The following diseases are commonly prevented by vaccines: 1. hepatitis B 2. diphtheria 3. poliomyelitis 4. measles, mumps, and rubella 5. flu

15 Lesson 3 Controlling Infectious Diseases Protecting Others The same steps you take to protect yourself from pathogens will also help protect other people. You can also: 1. Avoid contact with people when you are sick. 2. Get a flu vaccine every year. 3. Report any sightings of infected animals.

16 Lesson 3 Controlling Infectious Diseases Say No to Germs Create an ad campaign poster that illustrates a tip on how to stop the spread of germs. Your ad campaign should be eye-catching and creative. Table 1 Washing Your Hands Table 2 Getting Vaccinated Table 3 Stay away from sick people. Stay home when you are sick.

17 Lesson 5 Noninfectious Diseases Objectives Explain the difference between genetic disease and congenital disease. Identify three common noninfectious diseases.

18 Lesson 5 Noninfectious Diseases Causes of Noninfectious Diseases Genetic Diseases A genetic disease is a disease or disorder that is caused entirely or partly by genetic information passed on to a child from one or both parents. Congenital Diseases A congenital disease is a disease or disorder that is present at birth but is not a genetic disease.

19 Lesson 5 Noninfectious Diseases Causes of Noninfectious Diseases Other Noninfectious Diseases Some noninfectious diseases are related to lifestyle choices or environmental factors.

20 Lesson 5 Noninfectious Diseases Common Noninfectious Diseases Some common noninfectious diseases include the following: 1. Heart disease 2. Diabetes 3. Cancer 4. Allergies 5. Asthma 6. Alzheimer s disease

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22 Lesson 5 Noninfectious Diseases Living with Noninfectious Diseases Requiring Special Care A person living with a noninfectious disease may have to eat a special diet, take medicine, avoid certain activities, or have special medical care.

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24 Lesson 5 Noninfectious Diseases