Surgical Anatomy Ear and Eye. Presenters: Dr. Jim Hurrell and Dr. Dennis McCurnin

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1 Surgical Anatomy Ear and Eye Presenters: Dr. Jim Hurrell and Dr. Dennis McCurnin

2 A Warm Welcome from My Faculty TEAM and Me!!! 2

3 The Pledge of Allegiance 3

4 The Senses 4

5 Hearing 3 Layers of Ear EXTERNAL EAR MIDDLE EAR INNER EAR SENSORY RECEPTORS 5

6 mechanical sense Hearing = Auditory Sense converts vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses impulses interpreted by the brain as sound organ of hearing = the ear most structures within temporal bones of skull external ear middle ear inner ear 6

7 Hearing External ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum Middle ear amplifies and transmits the vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear Inner ear contains the sensory receptors that convert the mechanical vibrations to nerve impulses, along with receptors for the equilibrium sense 7

8 Trace a Sound Vibration Until It Is Heard by the Animal Bassert Lab Manual 8

9 External Ear pinna connects sound waves L-shaped external auditory canal tympanic membrane = eardrum 9

10 Comparative Anatomy of Pinna 10

11 Middle Ear hollowed-out area in temporal bone filled with air 3 ossicles: malleus = hammer incus = anvil stapes = stirrup 11

12 Middle Ear Eustachian Tube 12

13 Eustachian Tube = Auditory Tube connects middle ear cavity with pharynx equalizes air pressure on two sides of tympanic membrane slit-like opening into pharynx is stretched open yawning swallowing 13

14 Inner Ear 3 ossicles link tympanic membrane with cochlea cause vibrations to decrease in size but amplify in force 14

15 Vision 3 Layers of Eye OUTER FIBROUS LAYER MIDDLE VA SCULAR LAYER INNER NERVOUS LAYER SENSORY RECEPTORS 15

16 Vision 16

17 All Sorts of Eyes! 17

18 Canine Glasses? 18

19 Vision eye components function is to help form an accurate visual image function is not to detect the image photoreceptors located in a single layer of cells in the retina function is to detect the image generate visual nerve impulses to the brain 19

20 Trace Sunlight Entering the Eye Until It Is Seen by the Animal Bassert Lab Manual 20

21 One More Time! 21

22 Vision Most components of the eye function to help form an accurate visual image, not detect it Photoreceptors that detect the image and generate visual nerve impulses are in a single layer of cells in the retina 22

23 Cornea: transparent; admits light to interior of the eye Arrangement of collagen fibers; no blood vessels Sclera: "white" of the eye Dense fibrous connective tissue Limbus: junction of the cornea and the sclera Eyeball Outer Fibrous Layer 23

24 Cornea & Sclera Bassert Lab Manual 24

25 Choroid: between the sclera and the retina Pigment and blood vessels In most animals, choroid forms the tapetum highly reflective area in the rear of the eye Eyeball Middle Vascular Layer 25

26 Tapetum Bassert Lab Manual 26

27 Tapetum Lucidum

28 Iris: pigmented muscular diaphragm Controls amount of light that enters the posterior part of the eyeball Pupil: opening at center of iris Eyeball Middle Vascular Layer 28

29 Cat Irises Bassert Lab Manual 29

30 More Irises 30

31 Retina Lines the back of the eye Contains the photoreceptors for vision, the rods and cones Eyeball Inner Nervous Layer 31

32 Compartments of the Eyeball AQUEOUS COMPARTMENT VITREOUS COMPARTMENT

33 Subdivided by the iris into anterior and posterior chambers Contains a clear watery fluid: aqueous humor Produced in the posterior chamber by cells of the ciliary body Aqueous Compartment Bassert Lab Manual 33

34 Contains a clear gelatinous fluid called vitreous humor Vitreous humor fills the whole back of the eyeball behind the lens and ciliary body Vitreous Compartment Bassert Lab Manual 34

35 Layers of fibers Elastic and biconvex Front surface is in contact with aqueous humor; back surface is in contact with vitreous humor Helps focus a clear image on the retina Lens Bassert Lab Manual 35

36 Eye Physiology A Camera? 36

37 Lens Accommodation Accommodation: process by which the shape of the lens is changed to allow close-up and distant vision Relaxation of ciliary muscles causes tension on suspensory ligaments; flattens the lens Contraction of ciliary muscles releases tension on the suspensory ligaments 37

38 Near & Far Objects Accommodation 38

39 Retina Photoreceptors (Rods, Cones) Lines the back of eye Movie Screen or Film in Camera Where visual image is formed Contains photoreceptors for vision Rods Cones Optic disc Forms optic nerve 39

40 Can Dogs See Color? 40

41 Through Retinal Rods & Cones to Optic Nerve

42 Retina Seen Through Ophthalmoscope 42

43 Extraocular Structures 43

44 Lateral and Medial Canthus Bassert Lab Manual 44

45 Questions? 45

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