Sensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Sensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction"

Transcription

1 Sensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction Sarah L. Chollar University of California, Riverside

2 Sensory Systems How the brain allows us to see, hear, feel, taste and smell the world around us. Why study sensory systems? Increases understanding of basic neural processes and promotes growth of the field Clinical benefit: treatment for disorders Cochlear Implants LASIK Refractive Eye Surgery

3 Systems Level Analysis The study of sensory systems focuses on a systems level of analysis. Levels of Analysis in Neuroscience Behavioral Systems Cellular Molecular Genetic Levels of Analysis Behavior Behavioral Systems Systems Interregional Circuits Local (Regional) Circuits Neurons Cellular Dendritic Trees Synaptic Microcircuits Synapses Molecular Molecules and Ions Genetic Genes

4 Sensory Systems Themes Organization Topographic Maps Layers and Columns Pathways and Circuits Specialized Sensory Receptors Processing Signal Transduction Coding of Sensory Information Serial and Parallel Processing

5 Overview Visual System Auditory System Somatosensory System Gustatory System Olfactory System Sensory System Discussion

6 Visual System Anatomy of the Visual System Organization of the Retina Photoreceptors and Signal Transduction Receptive Fields and Lateral Inhibition Visual Processing Pathways Cortical Organization Visual Deficits and Disorders The Binding Problem

7 1. Eye 2. Optic Nerve 3. Optic Chiasm 4. Optic Tract Visual System Anatomy Serial processing from eye to visual cortex- processing in sequence (1,2,3) 5. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) of the Thalamus 6. Optic Radiation 7. Primary Visual Cortex (V1)

8 Anatomy of the Eye

9 The Organization of the Retina Cell Types Photoreceptors Bipolar Cells Ganglion Cells Horizontal Cells Amacrine Cells Optic Nerve There are no photoreceptors here axons of ganglion cells form optic nerve and leave the eye Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

10 Information Flow in the Retina 1. Photoreceptors 1. Rods/Cones 2. Bipolar Cells 1. Horizontal Cells 2. Amacrine Cells 3. Ganglion Cells Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

11 Photoreceptors: Rods and Cones

12 Signal Transduction in Rods

13 Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible spectrum is a small part of the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Measured in nanometers How big is a nanometer?» Very small! Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

14 Scale In Biological Systems A meter is divided into 1000 millimeters A millimeter is divided into 1000 micrometers A micrometer is divided into 1000 nanometers Microbiology coloring book

15 Trichromatic Theory Three types of cones Respond to different wavelengths (colors) Short Wavelength (S-W) Medium Wavelength (M-W) Long Wavelength (L-W) Significant overlap of M and L-W cones Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

16 Trichromatic and Opponent Process

17 Color Vision Blue light stimulates S-W cone Excites bipolar cell and horizontal cell Excitation dominates over inhibition Bipolar sends blue signal to ganglion cell Green or red light excites horizontal cell and inhibits bipolar cell Yellow excites both L and M-W cones which excite the horizontal cell and produce strong inhibition of bipolar cell Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

18 Photoreceptors: Rods vs Cones

19 Visual Acuity: Cones vs Rods One-to-one connectivity of cones increases visual acuity and fine discrimination High convergence of rods onto ganglion cells increases sensitivity to low light, but decreases acuity

20 Receptive Fields Receptive field a region of the retina that, when stimulated, causes a change in activity of the cell.

21 Center Surround Receptive Fields Level of the ganglion cells On Center Off center

22 Receptive Fields: Convergence from LGN to V1 Receptive fields become more complex as you ascend through the visual system through the convergence of inputs from lower levels. Center surround of ganglion cells converge in LGN Receptive fields of LGN cells converge on simple cells in V1

23 Cortical Receptive Fields: Simple and Complex Cells

24 A Hypercolumn

25 Visual Field Deficits Left visual field processed in right hemisphere Right visual field processed in left hemisphere

26 Visual Processing Pathways Once information reaches the visual cortex, processing of visual information takes place in several places and can occur at the same time We refer to this type of processing as parallel processing Processing in different areas happens at the same time Increases computational performance

27 Higher Processing of Visual Information Movement Magnocellular Integration of vision and movement Color Parvocellular/magnocellular Color and brightness Shape Parvocellular Complex shape analysis Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

28 Auditory System Auditory and Vestibular System Anatomy Sound Perception Auditory Pathways Tonotopic Map of Auditory Cortex Sound Localization

29 Auditory System Anatomy Outer Ear Pinna Auditory Canal Middle Ear Tympanic Membrane Incus, Mallus, Stapes Oval/Round Window Inner Ear Cochlea Vestibular System Eustachian Tube Auditory Nerve

30 Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

31 Sound Perception Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

32 Auditory Processing Serial processing in the auditory system 1. Cochlea 2. Cochlear Nucleus 3. Superior Olive 4. Inferior Colliculus 5. Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN) Thalamus 6. Auditory Cortex (A1) Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

33 Auditory Cortex: Tonotopic Organization Map of A1 is organized by frequency low on one end and high on the other This corresponds to locations on the basilar membrane of the cochlea Cells respond to a preferred tone (note), but respond better to complex sounds Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

34 Sound Localization Several cues are used to determine the location of a sound Time of arrival Phase difference Loudness Time of arrival of a sound is delayed between left ear and right ear Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

35 Sound Localization: Phase Phase works best as a sound localization cue for low frequency The difference in the phase of the waveform between one ear and the other Kalat, Biological Psychology 9 th Edition (2007)

Ganglion Cells Blind Spot Cornea Pupil Visual Area of the Bipolar Cells Thalamus Rods and Cones Lens Visual cortex of the occipital lobe

Ganglion Cells Blind Spot Cornea Pupil Visual Area of the Bipolar Cells Thalamus Rods and Cones Lens Visual cortex of the occipital lobe How We See How We See Cornea Ganglion Cells whose axons form the optic nerve Blind Spot the exit point at the back of the retina Pupil which is controlled by the iris Bipolar Cells Visual Area of the Thalamus

More information

Taste buds Gustatory cells extend taste hairs through a narrow taste pore

Taste buds Gustatory cells extend taste hairs through a narrow taste pore The Special Senses Objectives Describe the sensory organs of smell, and olfaction. Identify the accessory and internal structures of the eye, and explain their function. Explain how light stimulates the

More information

Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Vision

Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Vision Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Vision This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display,

More information

Presentation On SENSATION. Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur

Presentation On SENSATION. Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur Presentation On SENSATION Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur INTRODUCTION:- Sensation is a specialty area within Psychology that works at understanding how are senses work and how we perceive stimuli in the environment.

More information

Sensation and Perception. A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations

Sensation and Perception. A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations I. Overview Sensation and Perception A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations C. Top-Down vs Bottom-up Processing D. Psychophysics -- thresholds 1.

More information

THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus

THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus Perceived color of light is determined by 3 characteristics (properties of electromagnetic energy): 1. Hue: the spectrum (wavelength) of light (color)

More information

THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus

THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus Perceived color of light is determined by 3 characteristics (properties of electromagnetic energy): 1. : the spectrum (wavelength) of light (color) 2.

More information

Sensing and Perceiving Our World

Sensing and Perceiving Our World PSYCHOLOGY: Perspectives & Connections 2 nd Edition GREGORY J. FEIST ERIKA L. ROSENBERG Sensing and Perceiving Our World Chapter Four Chapter Preview The Long Strange Trip From Sensation to Perception

More information

Biological Bases of Behavior. 6: Vision

Biological Bases of Behavior. 6: Vision Biological Bases of Behavior 6: Vision Sensory Systems The brain detects events in the external environment and directs the contractions of the muscles Afferent neurons carry sensory messages to brain

More information

Vision and Audition. This section concerns the anatomy of two important sensory systems, the visual and the auditory systems.

Vision and Audition. This section concerns the anatomy of two important sensory systems, the visual and the auditory systems. Vision and Audition Vision and Audition This section concerns the anatomy of two important sensory systems, the visual and the auditory systems. The description of the organization of each begins with

More information

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Outline Nervous System Sensory Systems I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Biol 105 Lecture 11 Chapter 9 Senses Sensory receptors Touch Vision Hearing and balance Smell Senses Sensory receptor cells Sensory receptors

More information

Senses are transducers. Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What?

Senses are transducers. Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What? 1 Vision 2 TRANSDUCTION Senses are transducers Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What? Action potentials! Sensory codes Frequency code encodes information about intensity

More information

Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY

Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Sensory System Sensory information Conscious sensations Unconscious sensations Sensory processing Transferring stimulus energy into a graded potential

More information

Introduction to Physiological Psychology

Introduction to Physiological Psychology Introduction to Physiological Psychology Vision ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html This class n Sensation vs. Perception n How light is translated into what we see n Structure

More information

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 9.01 Recitation (R02)

More information

The Perceptual Experience

The Perceptual Experience Dikran J. Martin Introduction to Psychology Name: Date: Lecture Series: Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception Pages: 35 TEXT: Lefton, Lester A. and Brannon, Linda (2003). PSYCHOLOGY. (Eighth Edition.) Needham

More information

The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect. absolute threshold. Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information.

The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect. absolute threshold. Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information. absolute threshold The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect accommodation Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information. acuity Sharp perception or vision audition

More information

Parallel streams of visual processing

Parallel streams of visual processing Parallel streams of visual processing RETINAL GANGLION CELL AXONS: OPTIC TRACT Optic nerve Optic tract Optic chiasm Lateral geniculate nucleus Hypothalamus: regulation of circadian rhythms Pretectum: reflex

More information

Special Senses. Mechanoreception Electroreception Chemoreception Others

Special Senses. Mechanoreception Electroreception Chemoreception Others Special Senses Mechanoreception Electroreception Chemoreception Others Recall our receptor types Chemically regulated: Respond to particular chemicals Voltage regulated: respond to changing membrane potential

More information

The Eye. Cognitive Neuroscience of Language. Today s goals. 5 From eye to brain. Today s reading

The Eye. Cognitive Neuroscience of Language. Today s goals. 5 From eye to brain. Today s reading Cognitive Neuroscience of Language 5 From eye to brain Today s goals Look at the pathways that conduct the visual information from the eye to the visual cortex Marielle Lange http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mlange/teaching/cnl/

More information

Our Senses & the World CHAPTER 4. Sensations & Senses. Characteristics (continued) Characteristics (continued) Characteristics of All Senses

Our Senses & the World CHAPTER 4. Sensations & Senses. Characteristics (continued) Characteristics (continued) Characteristics of All Senses CHAPTER 4 Sensations & Senses Our Senses & the World Characteristics of All Senses RECEPTION: Accessory Structures-modify the energy created by something in the person s environment Characteristics TRANSDUCTION:

More information

Answer: B difficulty: 2 conceptual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology

Answer: B difficulty: 2 conceptual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology Chapter Test 1. The concepts of sensation and perception are different because a. perception is something that happens to your sense organs and neurons; sensation is something that happens to you b. sensation

More information

Lighta part of the spectrum of Electromagnetic Energy. (the part that s visible to us!)

Lighta part of the spectrum of Electromagnetic Energy. (the part that s visible to us!) Introduction to Physiological Psychology Vision ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ /~ksweeney/psy260.html Lighta part of the spectrum of Electromagnetic Energy (the part that s visible to us!)

More information

THE COCHLEA AND AUDITORY PATHWAY

THE COCHLEA AND AUDITORY PATHWAY Dental Neuroanatomy Suzanne S. Stensaas, PhD February 23, 2012 Reading: Waxman, Chapter 16, Review pictures in a Histology book Computer Resources: http://www.cochlea.org/ - Promenade around the Cochlea

More information

4. Which letter in figure 9.1 points to the fovea centralis? Ans: b

4. Which letter in figure 9.1 points to the fovea centralis? Ans: b Chapter 9: The Sensory System 1. Proprioceptors are involved in the sense of A) pain. B) temperature. C) pressure. D) movement of limbs. 2. Which are chemoreceptors? A) taste B) olfactory C) proprioceptors

More information

Ch 5. Perception and Encoding

Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by Y.-J. Park, M.-H. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang

More information

-Detect heat or cold and help maintain body temperature

-Detect heat or cold and help maintain body temperature Sensory Receptors -Transduce stimulus energy and transmit signals to the central nervous system -Reception occurs when a receptor detectd a stimulus -Perception occurs in the brain as this information

More information

7. Sharp perception or vision 8. The process of transferring genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage

7. Sharp perception or vision 8. The process of transferring genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage 1. A particular shade of a given color 2. How many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time 3. Process in which the sense organs' receptor cells are stimulated and relay initial information to higher

More information

Ch 5. Perception and Encoding

Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga,, R. B. Ivry,, and G. R. Mangun,, Norton, 2002. Summarized by Y.-J. Park, M.-H. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang

More information

Chapter 7. Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses. Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2004

Chapter 7. Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses. Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2004 Chapter 7 Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display,

More information

Introduction to sensory pathways. Gatsby / SWC induction week 25 September 2017

Introduction to sensory pathways. Gatsby / SWC induction week 25 September 2017 Introduction to sensory pathways Gatsby / SWC induction week 25 September 2017 Studying sensory systems: inputs and needs Stimulus Modality Robots Sensors Biological Sensors Outputs Light Vision Photodiodes

More information

Vision Seeing is in the mind

Vision Seeing is in the mind 1 Vision Seeing is in the mind Stimulus: Light 2 Light Characteristics 1. Wavelength (hue) 2. Intensity (brightness) 3. Saturation (purity) 3 4 Hue (color): dimension of color determined by wavelength

More information

REVIEW QUESTIONS AND SAMPLE MIDTERM QUESTIONS FOR THE MIDTERM EXAM

REVIEW QUESTIONS AND SAMPLE MIDTERM QUESTIONS FOR THE MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND SAMPLE MIDTERM QUESTIONS FOR THE MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS Chapter 1 / Lecture 1 1. Diagram a neuron and label its components. In what ways are neurons specialized for communication?

More information

Otoconia: Calcium carbonate crystals Gelatinous mass. Cilia. Hair cells. Vestibular nerve. Vestibular ganglion

Otoconia: Calcium carbonate crystals Gelatinous mass. Cilia. Hair cells. Vestibular nerve. Vestibular ganglion VESTIBULAR SYSTEM (Balance/Equilibrium) The vestibular stimulus is provided by Earth s, and. Located in the of the inner ear, in two components: 1. Vestibular sacs - gravity & head direction 2. Semicircular

More information

Before we talk about the auditory system we will talk about the sound and waves

Before we talk about the auditory system we will talk about the sound and waves The Auditory System PHYSIO: #3 DR.LOAI ZAGOUL 24/3/2014 Refer to the slides for some photos. Before we talk about the auditory system we will talk about the sound and waves All waves have basic characteristics:

More information

Biology. A Guide to the Natural World. Chapter 27 Lecture Outline Communication and Control 1: The Nervous System. Fifth Edition.

Biology. A Guide to the Natural World. Chapter 27 Lecture Outline Communication and Control 1: The Nervous System. Fifth Edition. Biology A Guide to the Natural World Chapter 27 Lecture Outline Communication and Control 1: The Nervous System Fifth Edition David Krogh The Nervous System Nervous tissue is composed of two kinds of cells:

More information

Unit 8 Quiz. Source:

Unit 8 Quiz. Source: Unit 8 Quiz Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye.svg 1. Label this structure of the human eye with the appropriate terms. Note you do not need to label every

More information

Receptors / physiology

Receptors / physiology Hearing: physiology Receptors / physiology Energy transduction First goal of a sensory/perceptual system? Transduce environmental energy into neural energy (or energy that can be interpreted by perceptual

More information

2/3/17. Visual System I. I. Eye, color space, adaptation II. Receptive fields and lateral inhibition III. Thalamus and primary visual cortex

2/3/17. Visual System I. I. Eye, color space, adaptation II. Receptive fields and lateral inhibition III. Thalamus and primary visual cortex 1 Visual System I I. Eye, color space, adaptation II. Receptive fields and lateral inhibition III. Thalamus and primary visual cortex 2 1 2/3/17 Window of the Soul 3 Information Flow: From Photoreceptors

More information

SENSATION & PERCEPTION

SENSATION & PERCEPTION SENSATION & PERCEPTION Sensation and perception result from a symphony of sensory receptors and the neurons those receptors communicate with. The receptors and neurons fire in different combinations and

More information

Senses- Ch. 12. Pain receptors- respond to tissue damage in all tissues except in the brain

Senses- Ch. 12. Pain receptors- respond to tissue damage in all tissues except in the brain Senses- Ch. 12 5 general types of sensory neurons or receptors are known. These specialized neurons detect stimuli from the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and skin. The stimuli are changed into electrical signals

More information

The Nervous System: General and Special Senses Pearson Education, Inc.

The Nervous System: General and Special Senses Pearson Education, Inc. 18 The Nervous System: General and Special Senses Introduction Sensory information arrives at the CNS Information is picked up by sensory receptors Sensory receptors are the interface between the nervous

More information

to vibrate the fluid. The ossicles amplify the pressure. The surface area of the oval window is

to vibrate the fluid. The ossicles amplify the pressure. The surface area of the oval window is Page 1 of 6 Question 1: How is the conduction of sound to the cochlea facilitated by the ossicles of the middle ear? Answer: Sound waves traveling through air move the tympanic membrane, which, in turn,

More information

Unit 4: Sensation and Perception

Unit 4: Sensation and Perception Unit 4: Sensation and Perception Sensation a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus (or physical) energy and encode it as neural signals. Perception a

More information

Definition Slides. Sensation. Perception. Bottom-up processing. Selective attention. Top-down processing 11/3/2013

Definition Slides. Sensation. Perception. Bottom-up processing. Selective attention. Top-down processing 11/3/2013 Definition Slides Sensation = the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Perception = the process of organizing and interpreting

More information

o A cushion of fat surrounds most of the eye

o A cushion of fat surrounds most of the eye Name Period SPECIAL SENSES The Senses of touch o Temperature o Pressure o Pain o Smell o Taste o Sight o Hearing o Equilibrium The Eye and Vision are in the eyes has over a o Most of the eye is enclosed

More information

= add definition here. Definition Slide

= add definition here. Definition Slide = add definition here Definition Slide Definition Slides Sensation = the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Perception

More information

The olfactory epithelium is located at the roof of the nasal cavity. Nasal conchae cause turbulance of incoming air

The olfactory epithelium is located at the roof of the nasal cavity. Nasal conchae cause turbulance of incoming air Special Senses I. Olfaction II. Gustation A. Anatomy and general info The olfactory epithelium is located at the roof of the nasal cavity Nasal conchae cause turbulance of incoming air Olfactory glands

More information

The Basic Senses and What They Detect. Energy senses Vision (electromagnetic energy light waves)

The Basic Senses and What They Detect. Energy senses Vision (electromagnetic energy light waves) The Basic Senses and What They Detect Energy senses Vision (electromagnetic energy light waves) LP 4B Color Perception 1 Hearing (sound waves) LP 4B Color Perception 2 Chemical senses Smell (airborne chemical

More information

THE COCHLEA AND AUDITORY PATHWAY

THE COCHLEA AND AUDITORY PATHWAY Dental Neuroanatomy Suzanne S. Stensaas, PhD April 14, 2010 Reading: Waxman, Chapter 16, Review pictures in a Histology book Computer Resources: http://www.cochlea.org/ - Promenade around the Cochlea HyperBrain

More information

Visual Physiology. Perception and Attention. Graham Hole. Problems confronting the visual system: Solutions: The primary visual pathways: The eye:

Visual Physiology. Perception and Attention. Graham Hole. Problems confronting the visual system: Solutions: The primary visual pathways: The eye: Problems confronting the visual system: Visual Physiology image contains a huge amount of information which must be processed quickly. image is dim, blurry and distorted. Light levels vary enormously.

More information

Vision II. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota

Vision II. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Vision II Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Ganglion Cells The axons of the retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve and carry visual information into the brain. 2 Optic

More information

Plasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development

Plasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development Plasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development Jessica R. Newton and Mriganka Sur Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences Picower Center for Learning & Memory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge,

More information

Sensorimotor Functioning. Sensory and Motor Systems. Functional Anatomy of Brain- Behavioral Relationships

Sensorimotor Functioning. Sensory and Motor Systems. Functional Anatomy of Brain- Behavioral Relationships Sensorimotor Functioning Sensory and Motor Systems Understanding brain-behavior relationships requires knowledge of sensory and motor systems. Sensory System = Input Neural Processing Motor System = Output

More information

For this lab you will use parts of Exercise #18 in your Wise lab manual. Please be sure to read those sections before coming to lab

For this lab you will use parts of Exercise #18 in your Wise lab manual. Please be sure to read those sections before coming to lab Bio 322 Human Anatomy Objectives for the laboratory exercise The Eye and Ear Required reading before beginning this lab: Saladin, KS: Human Anatomy 5 th ed (2017) Chapter 17 For this lab you will use parts

More information

Sensory Physiology. Sensory Range Varies. Introduction to the Special Senses. How do we sense the world around us?

Sensory Physiology. Sensory Range Varies. Introduction to the Special Senses. How do we sense the world around us? Sensory Physiology How do we sense the world around us? We do not see things as they are; we see things as we are. --Anais Nin Anais Nin, French author 1903-1977 Sensory Range Varies Introduction to the

More information

Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Sensation and Perception Sensation The process by which our sense organs receive information from the environment Perception The sorting out, interpretation, analysis,

More information

ID# Exam 2 PS 325, Fall 2003

ID# Exam 2 PS 325, Fall 2003 ID# Exam 2 PS 325, Fall 2003 As always, the Honor Code is in effect and you ll need to write the code and sign it at the end of the exam. Read each question carefully and answer it completely. Although

More information

Psy393: Cognitive Neuroscience. Prof. Anderson Department of Psychology Week 3

Psy393: Cognitive Neuroscience. Prof. Anderson Department of Psychology Week 3 Psy393: Cognitive Neuroscience Prof. Anderson Department of Psychology Week 3 The Eye: Proof for the existence of God? And then there was light Optics Perception Absorption Eye is receiver not sender Plato

More information

TASTE: Taste buds are the sense organs that respond to gustatory stimuli. Chemoreceptors that respond to chemicals broken down from food in the saliva

TASTE: Taste buds are the sense organs that respond to gustatory stimuli. Chemoreceptors that respond to chemicals broken down from food in the saliva UNIT 5: Nervous System- Senses Somatic Senses Somatic senses are associated with receptors in the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera (organs of the body) Include senses of touch, pressure, temperature,

More information

Sensory Systems Part II. Sarah L. Chollar University of California, Riverside

Sensory Systems Part II. Sarah L. Chollar University of California, Riverside Sensory Systems Part II Sarah L. Chollar University of California, Riverside sarah.chollar@gmail.com Somatosensory System Specialized Sensory Receptors: Mechanoreceptors Dermatomes Sensory Pathways Pain

More information

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY I (2012) MIDTERM EXAM 2

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY I (2012) MIDTERM EXAM 2 BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY I (2012) MIDTERM EXAM 2 Mark the ONE BEST letter choice (either A, B, C, D, or E) on the computer-graded sheet in NUMBER TWO PENCIL. If you need to erase, do so completely! You MUST

More information

SPECIAL SENSES: THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

SPECIAL SENSES: THE AUDITORY SYSTEM SPECIAL SENSES: THE AUDITORY SYSTEM REVISION OF PHYSICS: WAVES A wave is an oscillation of power, sound waves have two main characteristics: amplitude, which is the maximum displacement or the power of

More information

Gathering information the sensory systems; Vision

Gathering information the sensory systems; Vision Visual System Gathering information the sensory systems; Vision The retina is the light-sensitive receptor layer at the back of the eye. - Light passes through the cornea, the aqueous chamber, the lens,

More information

Hearing. istockphoto/thinkstock

Hearing. istockphoto/thinkstock Hearing istockphoto/thinkstock Audition The sense or act of hearing The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves Sound waves are composed of changes in air pressure unfolding over time. Acoustical transduction: Conversion

More information

OPTO 5320 VISION SCIENCE I

OPTO 5320 VISION SCIENCE I OPTO 5320 VISION SCIENCE I Monocular Sensory Processes of Vision: Color Vision Mechanisms of Color Processing . Neural Mechanisms of Color Processing A. Parallel processing - M- & P- pathways B. Second

More information

Psyc 2200 (fall 2015), Study Guide -- Exam 3 Page 1

Psyc 2200 (fall 2015), Study Guide -- Exam 3 Page 1 Study Guide Physiological Psychology, 2200 Exam 3 How the Brain Works (Part I) Somatosensory, Hearing, Vision, Motor ************************************************************ General Principles across

More information

SPECIAL SENSES PART I: OLFACTION & GUSTATION

SPECIAL SENSES PART I: OLFACTION & GUSTATION SPECIAL SENSES PART I: OLFACTION & GUSTATION 5 Special Senses Olfaction Gustation Vision Equilibrium Hearing Olfactory Nerves Extend through cribriform plate into nasal cavity on both sides of nasal septum

More information

The Sense Organs 10/13/2016. The Human Eye. 1. Sclera 2. Choroid 3. Retina. The eye is made up of three layers:

The Sense Organs 10/13/2016. The Human Eye. 1. Sclera 2. Choroid 3. Retina. The eye is made up of three layers: The human body gathers information from the outside world by using the five senses of: The Sense Organs 12.3 Sight Hearing Taste Smell Touch This information is essential in helping the body maintain homeostasis.

More information

The Visual System. Retinal Anatomy Dr. Casagrande February 2, Phone: Office: T2302 MCN

The Visual System. Retinal Anatomy Dr. Casagrande February 2, Phone: Office: T2302 MCN The Visual System Retinal Anatomy Dr. Casagrande February 2, 2004 Phone: 343-4538 Email: vivien.casagrande@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu Office: T2302 MCN Reading assignments and Good Web Sites Chapter 2 in Tovée,

More information

Systems Neuroscience Oct. 16, Auditory system. http:

Systems Neuroscience Oct. 16, Auditory system. http: Systems Neuroscience Oct. 16, 2018 Auditory system http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html The physics of sound Measuring sound intensity We are sensitive to an enormous range of intensities,

More information

Rods vs Cones 3/10/2014. Example 1: Light Sensitive Visual Receptors. Turning Light Waves Into Electrical Messages (Transduction)

Rods vs Cones 3/10/2014. Example 1: Light Sensitive Visual Receptors. Turning Light Waves Into Electrical Messages (Transduction) Example 1: Light Sensitive Visual Receptors The typical neuron is designed to receive neurotransmitter messages from other neurons. Sensory receptors, on the other hand, are specialized to receive sensory

More information

Construction of the Visual Image

Construction of the Visual Image Construction of the Visual Image Anne L. van de Ven 8 Sept 2003 BioE 492/592 Sensory Neuroengineering Lecture 3 Visual Perception Light Photoreceptors Interneurons Visual Processing Ganglion Neurons Optic

More information

Choose three of the 6 Essay questions below. Each question is worth 20 points. (Total 60 points)

Choose three of the 6 Essay questions below. Each question is worth 20 points. (Total 60 points) Knowledge Inventory #3 DUE: December 1 or December 8, 2013 To Assignment Folder Covers chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12 Answer each question to the best of your ability and in your own words. Please do

More information

COGS 107B. TA: Alexander Johnson Office Hours: Fridays Before Section 10am - 11:50 Mandeville Coffee Cart

COGS 107B. TA: Alexander Johnson Office Hours: Fridays Before Section 10am - 11:50 Mandeville Coffee Cart COGS 107B TA: Alexander Johnson abj009@ucsd.edu Office Hours: Fridays Before Section 10am - 11:50 Mandeville Coffee Cart Week 3 Have covered so far (all on midterm): Neuron Doctrine & System Basics Somatosensory

More information

Chapter 15 Lecture Outline

Chapter 15 Lecture Outline Chapter 15 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction

More information

Photoreceptors Rods. Cones

Photoreceptors Rods. Cones Photoreceptors Rods Cones 120 000 000 Dim light Prefer wavelength of 505 nm Monochromatic Mainly in periphery of the eye 6 000 000 More light Different spectral sensitivities!long-wave receptors (558 nm)

More information

Sensation and Perception. Chapter 6

Sensation and Perception. Chapter 6 Sensation and Perception Chapter 6 1 Sensation & Perception How do we construct our representations of the external world? Text To represent the world, we must detect physical energy (a stimulus) from

More information

SENSES: VISION. Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014

SENSES: VISION. Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014 SENSES: VISION Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014 Sensation versus Perception Top-Down Processing (Perception) Cerebral cortex/ Association Areas Expectations Experiences Memories Schemas Anticipation

More information

Physiology of human perception

Physiology of human perception Physiology of human perception Vision Hearing Thermal and tactile sensations Basic introduction and the list and description of the tasks to be carried out Visible light: 400-700 nm. Vision or sight Anatomy

More information

Chapter 5 Test Review. Try the practice questions in the Study Guide and on line

Chapter 5 Test Review. Try the practice questions in the Study Guide and on line Chapter 5 Test Review Try the practice questions in the Study Guide and on line Printing game plan Put six slides on a page Select pure black and white as the printing option Okay, now wade into the answers>>>>

More information

Ch. 9 Sensory Systems. Steps of sensation and perception

Ch. 9 Sensory Systems. Steps of sensation and perception Ch. 9 Sensory Systems Sensation = information about environmental conditions (inside or outside of the body) is detected and sent to CNS Vs. perception = consciously aware of sensation (only ~1% of sensations

More information

Organs of the Nervous System: brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Organs of the Nervous System: brain, spinal cord, and nerves Nervous System The Nervous System functions as a control center and coordinates all actions and reactions, sending immediate and specific information as electrical impulses. Organs of the Nervous System:

More information

Neuroscience - Problem Drill 13: The Eye and Visual Processing

Neuroscience - Problem Drill 13: The Eye and Visual Processing Neuroscience - Problem Drill 13: The Eye and Visual Processing Question No. 1 of 10 needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 1. Which of the following statements

More information

PSY 215 Lecture 10 Topic: Hearing Chapter 7, pages

PSY 215 Lecture 10 Topic: Hearing Chapter 7, pages PSY 215 Lecture 10 Topic: Hearing Chapter 7, pages 189-197 Corrections: NTC 09-1, page 3, the Superior Colliculus is in the midbrain (Mesencephalon). Announcements: Movie next Monday: Case of the frozen

More information

Sense system. Introduction The visual system Hearing. Introduction to sensory mechanisms

Sense system. Introduction The visual system Hearing. Introduction to sensory mechanisms Sense system Introduction The visual system Hearing Introduction to sensory mechanisms Sensory receptors & sense organs Sensory neurons & Receptor cells Adequate stimulus threshold Transduction Receptor

More information

Chapter 18 Senses SENSORY RECEPTION 10/21/2011. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations

Chapter 18 Senses SENSORY RECEPTION 10/21/2011. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations SENSORY RECEPTION Chapter 18 Senses s convert stimulus energy to action potentials s 1. Are specialized cells, or 2. Specialized endings that detect stimuli All stimuli are forms of energy s in eyes detect

More information

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology. Chapter 8. Special Senses. Slides Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L.

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology. Chapter 8. Special Senses. Slides Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 8 Special Senses Slides 8.1 8.19 Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook Special Senses Title Somatosensation Essential

More information

Image Processing in the Human Visual System, a Quick Overview

Image Processing in the Human Visual System, a Quick Overview Image Processing in the Human Visual System, a Quick Overview By Orazio Gallo, April 24th, 2008 The Visual System Our most advanced perception system: The optic nerve has 106 fibers, more than all the

More information

Psychophysical laws. Legge di Fechner: I=K*log(S/S 0 )

Psychophysical laws. Legge di Fechner: I=K*log(S/S 0 ) Psychophysical laws Legge di Weber: ΔS=K*S Legge di Fechner: I=K*log(S/S 0 ) Sensory receptors Vision Smell Taste Touch Thermal senses Pain Hearing Balance Proprioception Sensory receptors Table 21-1 Classification

More information

Sensory Systems. BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues. Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire

Sensory Systems. BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues. Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 9 Sensory Systems Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of Hawaii Honolulu

More information

Chap Senses. 1. Give an example of something a general sensory receptor would detect.

Chap Senses. 1. Give an example of something a general sensory receptor would detect. Carl Christensen, PhD Chap. 17 - Senses Bio. 2304 Human Anatomy 1. Give an example of something a general sensory receptor would detect. 2. Classification of Sensory Receptors a. mechanoreceptors b. thermoreceptors

More information

ANAT2010. Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018

ANAT2010. Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018 ANAT2010 Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018 Table of Contents Lecture 13: Pain and perception... 3 Lecture 14: Sensory systems and visual pathways... 11 Lecture 15: Techniques in Neuroanatomy I in vivo

More information

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms Chapter 50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

Essential questions. What are the structures of the sensory system? 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 2

Essential questions. What are the structures of the sensory system? 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 2 Essential questions What are the structures of the sensory system? 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 2 The Senses Eyes Sight Ears Hearing Nose Smell Tongue Taste Skin Touch 3.03 Remember

More information

Image Formation and Phototransduction. By Dr. Abdelaziz Hussein Lecturer of Physiology

Image Formation and Phototransduction. By Dr. Abdelaziz Hussein Lecturer of Physiology Image Formation and Phototransduction By Dr. Abdelaziz Hussein Lecturer of Physiology Vision Vision is a complex process through which an image of the external environment is formed on the photosensitive

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 49. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 49. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 49 2 of 49 Sensory Receptors Neurons that react directly to stimuli from the environment are called sensory receptors. Sensory receptors react to stimuli by sending impulses to other neurons

More information

COGS 101A: Sensation and Perception

COGS 101A: Sensation and Perception COGS 101A: Sensation and Perception 1 Virginia R. de Sa Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Lecture 5: LGN and V1: Magno and Parvo streams Chapter 3 Course Information 2 Class web page: http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/

More information

Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited

More information

Okami Study Guide: Chapter 5 1

Okami Study Guide: Chapter 5 1 Okami Study Guide: Chapter 5 1 Chapter in Review 1. Sensing is the process by which our sense organs receive raw physical or chemical energy from the natural world; perception occurs when our brains organize

More information