Introduction to Communication

Transcription

1 Introduction to Communication A Evidence-Based Perspective For these Global Editions, the editorial team at Pearson has collaborated with educators across the world to address a wide range of subjects and requirements, equipping students with the best possible learning tools. This Global Edition preserves the cutting-edge approach and pedagogy of the original, but also features alterations, customization and adaptation from the North American version. Global edition Global edition Global edition Introduction to Communication A Evidence-Based Perspective fifth edition Robert E. Owens, Jr. Kimberly A. Farinella Dale Evan Metz fifth edition Owens Farinella Metz This is a special edition of an established title widely used by colleges and universities throughout the world. Pearson published this exclusive edition for the benefit of students outside the United States and Canada. If you purchased this book within the United States or Canada you should be aware that it has been imported without the approval of the Publisher or Author. Pearson Global Edition Owens_ _mech.indd 1 08/07/14 5:41 PM

2 Vice President, Editorial Director: Jeffery W. Johnston Executive Acquisitions Editor: Ann Davis Executive Field Marketing Manager: Krista Clark Senior Product Marketing Manager: Christopher Barry Project Manager: Annette Joseph Head of Learning Asset Acquisition, Global Edition: Laura Dent Acquisitions Editor, Global Edition: Sandhya Ghoshal Assitant Project Editor, Global Edition: Sinjita Basu Senior Manufacturing Controller, Production, Global Edition: Trudy Kimber Full-Service Project Management: Jouve India Cover Designer: Lumina Datamatics Cover Photo: Shutterstock/nchlsft Cover Printer: Ashford Colour Press Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: Pearson Education Limited 2015 The rights of Robert E. Owens, Jr., Kimberly A. Farinella, and Dale Evan Metz to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Introduction to Communication : A Evidence- Based Perspective, 5th edition, ISBN , by Robert E. Owens, Jr., Kimberly A. Farinella, and Dale Evan Metz, published by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, withouteither the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.the use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN 10: ISBN 13: British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Typeset in ITC Mendoza Roman Std by Jouve India. Printed in Great Britain By Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport.

3 Introduction to Communication : A Evidence-Based Approach, Global Edition Table of Contents Cover Title Copyright Contents Chapter 1 Communicative and Clinical Service Helping others to Help Themselves Communication The Professionals Audiologists Speech-Language Pathologists Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists Professional Aides Related Professions: A Team Approach Service Through the Evidence- Based Practice Communication in Historical Perspective Chapter 2 Communication: Means, Impairments, Human Communication The Social Animal Means of Communication Communication through the Communication Impairments Language Speech Hearing Auditory Processing How Common Are Communication? Deciding Whether there Is a Problem Defining the Problem

4 Assessment Goals Assessment Procedures with Communication Objectives of Target Selection Baseline Data Behavioral Objectives Clinical Elements Measuring Effectiveness Follow-up and Maintenance Chapter 3 The Biological Mechanism of Speech The Physiological Subsystems Suporting Speech The Respiratory System The Phonatory System The Vocal Folds The Articulatory/Resonating System The Speech Production Process Chapter 4 Language Impairments in Children Language Development through the Pre-Language Toddler Language Preschool Language School-Age and Adolescent Language Associated and Related Causes Intellectual Disability Learning Disabilities Specific Language Impairment Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Brain Injury Neglect and Abuse

5 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Drug-Exposed Children Other Language Impairments Conclusion Aspects of Language Affected Assessment Bilingual Children, English Language Learners, and Dialectal Speakers Referral and Screening Case History and Interview Observation Testing Sampling Target Selection and Sequence of Training Evidence-Based Principles Procedures through the Chapter 5 Literacy Impairments: Assessment and Reading Writing Phonological Awareness Morphological Awareness Comprehension Reading Development through the Reading Problems through the Assessment of Developmental Reading for Developmental Reading Impairment Spelling Writing Development through the Writing Problems through the Assessment of Developmental Writing

6 for Developmental Writing Impairment Chapter 6 Language Impairments in Adults Language Development through the Use Content Form The Nervous System Central Nervous System Aphasia Concomitant or Accompanying Deficits Types of Aphasia Causes of Aphasia Issues Assessment for Aphasia Evidence-Based Practice Conclusion Right Hemisphere Brain Damage Characteristics Assessment Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Characteristics Issues Assessment Dementia Alzheimer s Disease Chapter 7 Stuttered Speech Fluent Speech vs. Stuttering Normal Disfluencies Stuttered Disfluencies The Onset and Development of Stuttering through the

7 The Efects of Stuttering through the Theories and Conceptualizations of Stuttering Organic Theory Behavioral Theory Psychological Theory Current Conceptual Models of Stuttering Therapeutic Techniques Used with Young Children The Evaluation of Stuttering Indirect and Direct Stuttering Therapeutic Techniques used with Older Children and Adults Who Stutter Fluency-Shaping Techniques Stuttering Modification Techniques Selecting Techniques The Efectiveness of Stuttering through the Efficacy of with Preschool-Age Children Efficacy of with School-Age Children Efficacy of with Adolescents and Adults Chapter 8 Voice and Resonance Normal Voice and Resonance Production Vocal Pitch Vocal Loudness Resonance Voice of Vocal Pitch of Vocal Loudness of Vocal Quality

8 Nonphonatory Vocal Voice Associated with Vocal Misuse or Abuse Voice Associated with Medical or Physical Conditions Voice Associated with Hypoadduction Voice Associated with Hyperadduction Other Conditions That Affect Voice Production Voice Associated with Psychological or Stress Conditions Resonance Evaluation and Management of Voice and Resonance The Voice Evaluation The Resonance Evaluation for Voice Associated with Vocal Misuse or Abuse for Voice Associated with Medical or Physical Conditions for Voice Associated with Psychological or Stress Conditions Elective Voice for Transgender/Transsexual Clients Treatment of Resonance Efficacy of Voice and Resonance Treatment Chapter 9 of Articulation and Phonology Understanding Speech Sounds Classification of Consonants by Place and Manner Classification of Vowels by Tongue and Lip Position and Tension Distinctive Feature Analysis Speech-Sound Development through the Pre-Speech

9 Toddler Speech Preschool Speech School-Age Speech Phonology and Articulation Associated and Related Causes Developmental Impairment in Children Language Impairments Hearing Impairments Neuromuscular Childhood Apraxia of Speech Structural Functional Abnormalities Language and Dialectal Var iations Characteristics of Articulation and Phonology Issues Assessment Description of Phonological and Articulatory Status Prognostic Indicators Consistency Stimulability Target Selection Approaches Treatment of Neurologically Based Motor-Speech Generalization and Maintenance Chapter 10 Motor Speech Motor Speech Control Structures of the Brain Important for Motor Speech Function Motor Speech Production Process Cranial Nerves Important for Speech Production Motor Speech Dysarthria Apraxia of Speech Etiologies of Motor Speech

10 Cerebral Palsy Evaluation of Motor Speech Treatment of Motor Speech Management of Dysarthria Management of Acquired Apraxia of Speech Chapter 11 Dysphagia Perspectives The Swallowing Process Oral Preparation Phase Oral Phase Pharyngeal Phase Esophageal Phase Disordered Swallowing Oral Preparation/Oral Phase Pharyngeal Phase Esophageal Phase Pediatric Dysphagia Dysphagia in Adults Evaluation for Swallowing Screening for Dysphagia in Newborns and the Elderly Case History and Background Information Regarding Dysphagia Clinical Assessment Cognitive and Communicative Functioning Instrumentation Dysphagia and Treatment Feeding Environment Body and Head Positioning Modification of Foods and Beverages Behavioral Swallowing Treatments Medical and Pharmacological Approaches Prognoses and Outcomes for Swallowing

11 Chapter 12 Audiology and Hearing Loss Incidence and Prevalence of Hearing Loss Classification of Impairment, Disability, and Handicap Deafness, the Deaf Community, and Deaf Culture What Is Audiology? Educational Requirements and Employment for Audiologists Fundamentals of Sound Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System The Outer Ear The Middle Ear The Inner Ear The Central Auditory System Types of Hearing Loss and Auditory Conductive Hearing Loss Sensorineural Hearing Loss Mixed Hearing Loss (Central) Auditory Processing Hearing Loss through the Audiological Assessment Procedures Referral and Case History Otoscopic Examination Electroacoustic and Electrophysiological Testing Behavioral Testing Aural (Audiological) Habilitation/Rehabilitation Counseling Amplification Hearing Assistive Technology/Assistive Listening Devices Auditory Training and Auditory Communication Modality Visual Communication Modality Table of Contents

12 Treatment and Management of (Central) Auditory Processing Chapter 13 Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication James Feeney, Ph.D. Who Uses AAC? Types of AAC Access Output Unaided AAC: Gestures and Vocalizations Unaided AAC: Manual Sign Systems Aided AAC Aided Symbols: Tangible Symbols Aided Symbols: Pictorial Symbols Aided Symbols: Orthography and Orthographic Symbols Combinations of Aided and Unaided Systems Assessment Considerations Specific Assessment Considerations AAC System Selection or Feature Matching AAC Symbol Selection AAC Vocabulary Selection Considerations Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in AAC Appendix Professional Organizations Glossary References Name Index Subject Index