THE 4 PS DID YOU KNOW...?
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2 Objectives To understand OSHA To understand SGFD Hearing Protection Program. To guide implementation to the plan. To evaluate the effectiveness of the plan.
3 OSHA An effective hearing conservation program can prevent hearing loss, improve employee morale and reduce the incidents of stress-related disease. OSHA standard Occupational Noise Standard requires that the employers provide a hearing conservation program for employees who are exposed to dangerous occupational noise levels. NFPA 1500 also requires fire departments (districts) to develop hearing conservation programs. Both OSHA and NFPA recognize that hearing protection may not properly integrate with structural firefighter protective clothing or where the use of such protective equipment would create an additional hazard to the user. It is the intent of the SGFD hearing conservation program to minimize exposure to dangerous noise levels during emergency response, equipment inspections, maintenance, and station activities.sgfd Risk Manaement Plan
4 DID YOU KNOW...? â Noise-induced hearing loss is the number one occupational disability â It is generally painless â It is progressive over time â It is permanent THE 4 PS â IT IS PREVENTABLE!!!
5 HOW DO WE HEAR?
6 SOUND RECEPTORS
7 DAMAGED HAIR CELLS
8 WHAT IS NOISE? Simply stated noise is any unwanted sound 8
9 WAYS TO CHARACTERIZE OF NOISE FREQUENCY- perceived as pitch INTENSITY- perceived as loudness NATURE- steady-state vs. impulse/impact DURATION- length of time exposed 9
10 Noise Induced Hearing Loss q Initially, exposure to noise causes a loss of sensitivity to high frequency (high pitch) sound. q Continued exposure results in damage to mid frequency region as well. q One can experience progressive high frequency hearing loss and not be aware of it until it becomes severe (doesn t affect loudness perception).
11 HOW CAN IT HAPPEN? ACOUSTIC TRAUMA ONE TIME EXPOSURE TO LOUD SOUND OR DAILY EXPOSURES TO MODERATELY LOUD SOUNDS
12 HOW DO WE KNOW SOMETHING IS TOO LOUD? Could use 3 foot rule If you have to raise your voice to be heard by someone standing within 3 foot (arm s length) then the level is most likely above the hazardous noise level or Objectively measure loudness with proper equipment
13 When is noise scientifically defined to be a hazard? -Duration of exposure, intensity (volume) of sound, repeated exposure, individual susceptibility -85dBA for steady-state noise sources -140dBP for impulse/impact noise sources
14 Firefighter Limits National Standards for Permissible Exposure Limits for noise for firefighters was established at 83.4 decibels over a 10-hour period.
15 Steady-State State Noise Examples q Rustling Leaves q Conversation q Automobile q Alarm Clock q Screaming Child q Pneumatic Drill q Helicopter q Live Concert 20dB 60dB 70dB 80dB 90dB 100dB 110dB 130dB
16 Impulse Noise Examples q M16, blanks w/suppressor q Shotgun 12 gauge q Machine Gun 60 cal 147dB 160dB 165dB
17 Loss of hearing sensitivity due to hazardous noise exposures from either steady state noise or impulse noise does occur even before we can measure the change!. And it does carry negative consequences!!!
18 PTS vs. TTS A permanent threshold shift (PTS) vs. a temporary threshold shift (TTS) Bounce-back effect not complete recovery Immediate medical referral (Audiology / ENT) 18
19 Permanent Effects of Noise Induced Hearing Loss -Difficulty understanding conversation, particularly in background noise high frequency hearing loss affects ability to hear consonants. Quality of environmental sound is diminished. - Ringing in Ears - tinnitus 19
20 What About the Firefighter who Can t t Hear Within Normal Hearing Range? q A normal listener can hear q footsteps at 100 meters q voices at 180 meters q door closing at 1000 meters q A person with a hearing loss can hear q footsteps at < 1 meter q voices at 32 meters q door closing at 46 meters
21 Employee Group and At Risk Noise Activities Fire Suppression Personnel Emergency Response Gas powered equipment operation Operation of pumps and vehicles Checking apparatus, breaks, pumps etc. Radio Usage
22 Employee Group and At Risk Noise Activities Fire Maintenance Personnel Emergency response Equipment maintenance activities Apparatus maintenance activities Radio usage
23 Employee Group and At Risk Noise Activities Fire Prevention Personnel Emergency response Radio Usage Alarm system testing Machinery/fire pump inspections
24 Employee Group and At Risk Noise Activities Fire Training Personnel Emergency response Radio usage Training activities involving gas powered tools, apparatus and other equipment
25 Employee Group and At Risk Administrative Personnel Emergency response Radio usage Noise Activities
26 Annual Hearing Testing r Why do annually? r Feedback BEFORE it becomes a problem.not five years down the road when it definitely is a problem r What is your score??? r Are you practicing good hearing conservation or aren t you???
27 BOTTOM LINE If you are exposing yourself to hazardous noise levels unprotected it s not a matter of whether you will develop hearing loss but when you will develop hearing loss the odds are VERY RARELY beaten. 27
28 Noise Control Outcome Engineering controls Administrative controls PPE and Monitoring Eliminate known problems SOP/SOG s Provide PPE for uncomfortable situations
29 HEARING PROTECTION ã The only thing standing between you and a potential permanent hearing loss!!!!!
30 So What do we Have to Work With Individual ear protection devises Limit our time in the noise area Headphones in the cab Control the noise in our personal time so we do not add to the problem.
31 But I Can t t Wear Hearing Protection Because... r My ears will become infected r They hurt my ears r I can t hear to do my job r They will melt in my ears. r Thinking short-term instead of longterm
32 Special Considerations OSHA is the Standard that is used for noise levels in the work place, firefighters have a unique situation in EMERGENCY conditions only. Nonemergency times and general station duties, hearing protection in needed and should be worn.
33 Hearing Use Guide The following chart is from the SGFD Safety and Risk Management Plan. Use it a guideline. Use common sense and make it workable to the specific situation. Personal safety is # 1 and additional PPEhearing protection should not interfere.
34 Activities HPD Usage 1. Emergency response with lights and sirens 2. Inspection and operation of power equipment or fixed equipment 3. Operating apparatus, compressors and pumps Required Required Required 4. Prevention inspection with exposure to audible alarm system noise alarm testing 5. Training activities involving all of the above. 6. Apparatus maintenance activities with excessive noise generation 7. Emergency scene activities, power tools, high pressure gas leaks, extrications and alarms 8. Structural Fire Fighting activities Required Required Required Not required but recommended only use if it does not interfere with other PPE Not required- only use if it does not interfere with other PPE.
35 Approved Types of HPD s è Earplugs è Pre-formed è Hand-formed è Noise Muffs è Headphones
36 NOISE REDUCTION RATING (NRR) mall hearing protection devices have a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) mfield testing suggests that the actual NRR is approximately half of what is listed on the package
37 PRE-FORMED EARPLUGS Single Flange: (NRR)=23dB 5 color-coded sizes: White (Extra Small)- 10% of the population Green (Small)- 25% Orange (Medium)-30% Blue (Large)- 40% Red (Extra Large)- 25%
38 FITTING TECHNIQUE
39 PRE-FORMED EARPLUGS Triple Flange: NRR= 26dB 3 color coded sizes: Green (Small)= 10% of the population Orange (Medium)=80% Blue (Large)= 30%
40 FITTING TECHNIQUE
41 FITTING TECHNIQUE
42 Characteristics Of A Good Pre-formed Earplug Fit è Voices sound muffled è Vacuum effect è Comfortable è Single flange tab facing toward back of ear è Largest flange of triple flange is flush against ear canal opening
43 HAND-FORMED EARPLUGS ÿ Noise Reduction Rating (NRR)=29dB
44 Fitting Technique
45 Circumaural Noise Muffs Noise Reduction Rating (NRR)=23dB
46 Fitting Technique è Noise muffs should seal around the ear è Replace ear cushions when cracked or worn è Certain types of muffs allow placement of the headband on top of the head, behind the head, or under the chin
47 Care and Maintenance of all HEARING PROTECTIVE DEVICES q Keep clean with mild soap and water and dry before using q Replace when material hardens/cracks or does not clean q Check for cracks on earphone seals, headband tension and replace as needed
48 Headphones Completely enclosed apparatus cabs and jump seats Apparatus with sound dampening materials incorporated into their design Placement of the sirens and horns either below the front bumper, in opening in the front bumper, or in the front grill of the apparatus. The vehicle structure should be used as a shield from noise energy when ever possible. All mechanical sirens should be fitted with a metal shroud to direct the sound forward. Such shrouds have resulted in 70% reductions in sound energy to the fire fighter/emts The use of communication headsets which utilize speakers inserted in a protective muff and incorporate a noise blanking microphone. Some of these communication sets now incorporate active noise cancellation to further reduce background noise. 48
49 Headphones 49
50
51
52 Where to get Hearing Protection mear plugs are attainable through the Safety Division. mear Muffs and Headphones should be available in the station and or on the apparatus.
53 One more time When do I need to wear protection? Steady state noise measured at 85dBA or greater Impulse noise measured at 140dBA or greater 53
54 Category dba Range Examples 110 Rock music, model airplane 106 Timpani and bass drum rolls Extremely loud 100 Snowmobile, chain saw, pneumatic drill 90 Lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic, subway 85 Smoke alarm Very loud Alarm clock, busy street Busy traffic, vacuum cleaner 60 Conversation, dishwasher Moderate Moderate rainfall Quiet room Faint 30 Whisper
55 Are HPDs always enough? Some emergency scene noise exposure may exceed the protection offered by HPDs Synergistic effects Permanent damage can be minimized with HPD use 55
56 OTHER PROTECTIVE MEASURES Administrative Controls Double protection Medical intervention??? 56
57 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Limit exposure time by implementing shift work schedules 57
58 DOUBLING UP! Steady state noises 120dBA or greater Use of insert earplugs and circumaural earmuffs together 58
59 Medical Research (on the horizon) Hazardous exposure initiates inner ear oxidative process which results in hair cell death cycle New medication may be able to limit permanent damage by arresting oxidative process Time sensitive NOT A SUB FOR HPDs! 59
60 Listening through HPDs takes practice but the threshold shift caused from wearing them is temporary the shift caused from not protecting yourself could be permanent!!!!
61 TO SUMMARIZE è HEARING LOSS HAPPENS! è Noise induced hearing loss is 100% preventable è Your hearing health starts with YOU while at work or home è If YOU don t protect it YOU will lose it
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