What favorite organism of geneticists is described in the right-hand column?
|
|
- Kathlyn Hines
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 What favorite organism of geneticists is described in the right-hand column? Model Organism fruit fly?? Generation time 12 days ~ 5000 days Size 2 mm mm Brood size hundreds a couple dozen would be remarkable Cool phenotypic variation? Yes Yes Easy to work with? Yes Varies; sometimes uncooperative 1
2 Humans as a model for [higher?] eukaryotes.. Explore human genetics with OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 2
3 Biol 321 Guidelines for Interpreting Human Pedigrees Affected means that the person has the trait or phenotype being analyzed. Some rules apply only to rare traits, that is traits that occur infrequently in the population under examination. If a recessive allele is rare, assume that most unaffected individuals will not be carrying (that is, will not be heterozygous for) the allele. If a person is affected with a rare dominant trait, assume the person is heterozygous for the allele. Interpretation of pedigrees can be complicated by incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, genetic heterogeneity, among other factors. For our purposes, we will assume that there are no complicating factors and unless evidence to the contrary is presented. Autosomal Recessive 1. trait appears in progeny of unaffected parents 2. the trait breeds true and both sexes are equally affected 3. some degree of inbreeding may be present (rare trait) Autosomal Dominant 1. affected offspring have at least one affected parent 2. trait is passed directly from affected individual to affected individual 3. two affected individuals may have an unaffected child (that is, the trait may not breed true) 4. both sexes are equally affected X-linked Recessive 1. all daughters of affected males are carriers; all sons of affected females are affected 2. affected female will have an affected father 3. the phenotype skips from father to grandson 4. phenotypic expression is higher in males than in females X-linked Dominant 1. affected males produce all affected daughters and no affected sons 2. a heterozygous female will transmit the trait to about 1/2 of her sons and about 1/2 of her daughters 3
4 Meet Izzy and her brother Aiden 50-60% of congenital deafness is genetic Even though the action of many different genes is essential to normal hearing, inherited deafness is a monogenic trait This means that mutations in just one of the genes required for normal hearing can result in a total hearing loss The most common cause of hearing loss in American and European populations is a mutation in the connexin 26 (Cx26) gene. Cx26 has a carrier rate of 3%, similar to that for cystic fibrosis, and it causes about 20% of childhood deafness. 4
5 How Genes are Named: Functional Role Note that connexin 26 is not named for its mutant phenotype but rather its name reflects its role in gap junction formation more about the connexin 26 gene (located on chromosome 13): 5
6 The KE family is a great example of phenotypic variation indicating the existence of a previously unknown gene Transmission pattern of a severe speech and language disorder in the KE family The gene defined by this phenotypic variation is called FOXP2 This gene is important for normal speech and may have been important in the evolution of that quintessential human trait: speech These individuals have difficulties making movements of the mouth and larnyx which are necessary for normal articulation. They have deficits in language processing and grammatical skills but have normal non-verbal IQ. *Ignore asterisks in this pedigree 6
7 How Genes are Named: Acronyms Note that the FOX P2 gene is not named for its mutant phenotype. FOX P2 is an acronym that referred to the molecular function of the gene product: forkhead box P2 a type of transcription factor. Guess where the name forkhead* came from? The story of FOX P2 Gene variation may explain speechless apes FOX P2 protein contacting DNA *YES! You guessed correctly. forkhead is a gene name bestowed by a Drosophila geneticist on a gene whose mutant phenotype involves bizarre spiked-head structures in fruitfly embryos 7
8 Ì What mode(s) of inheritance is(are) consistent with the pedigree? Ì Is there some aspect of the pedigree that excludes a specific mode of inheritance? è Failure to breed true excludes recessive inheritance (assuming no complications) è If a female has the trait and the father does not, then the trait cannot be X-linked recessive è Can you think of similar rules for X-linked dominant inheritance We will focus on issues that arise in pedigree analysis that are not necessarily of concern when working with model organisms such as: how the frequency of a trait in the population under study might influence the interpretation of pedigree data small sample sizes and ratios that are not informative 8
9 Examine the following pedigree carefully. Copies of this pedigree will be distributed in class. assuming the trait (filled in symbols) is very common in the general population, what mode or modes of inheritance are consistent with the data assuming the trait (filled in symbols) is very rare in the general population, what mode or modes of inheritance are consistent with the data 9
10 The frequency of a genetically determined trait will depend on the genetic composition of the population allele frequency: the proportion of all copies of a gene in a specific population that are of a given allele type **The Frequency of inherited disorders database compare cystic fibrosis and retinoblastoma and cystinuria ALSO: look at PROBLEM 12 in assignment set 1 again 10
11 11
12 Cystinuria (pedigrees follow) Mutations in the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes cause cystinuria. The SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes code for subunits of a transporter protein that is made primarily in the kidneys. A mutation in either one of these genes results in a dysfunctioning transporter protein-- preventing proper reabsorption of basic, or positively charged amino acids such as histidine, lysine, ornithine, arginine and cysteine. NOTE: cystinuria is a single gene trait because a mutation in either of these genes will result in cystinuria How Genes are Named: Acronyms SLC3A1 = solute carrier family 3 (amino acid transporter) member 1 12
13 Examine pedigree 170: what modes of inheritance are consistent with this pedigree? What do the double parallel lines connecting some parental units indicate? OVERALL: Taking all of the pedigrees together, what is the mode of inheritance of this trait? 13
14 The frequency of cystinuria in the UK is about 1/20,000 (one affected individual per 20,000 people). In contrast the frequency of cystic fibrosis (common AR disease state) is 1/2500 with a carrier frequency of ~1/50 Carrier frequency for a connexin-26 mutation is also ~1/50 (averaged over 17 European countries) What is the relevance of this info to these pedigrees? 14
15 In general: the rarer a recessive disease state, the more likely it is that an affected individual is the product of inbreeding (typically a mating between first cousins) Figure pg 653 of text Frequency of first cousin marriages for parents of children showing several recessive disorders compared to first cousin marriages for families in general. In Japan, about 5% of marriages are between first cousins; however, the proportion of families with children having microcephaly is over 75%, a 15-fold increase Are first cousin marriages legal in the US? 15
16 Update on the genetics risks of first cousin marriages Where cousins can marry in the USA Beyond Kissing Cousins - Marriage Taboos Erode 16
17 Examine pedigrees 301 & 172: are these pedigrees inconsistent with AR inheritance? What is the probability of each of these outcomes? 17
18 Examine pedigree 150: what is the probability of that particular sibship (first 3 progeny are unaffected and the fourth affected)? Overall, how often do you expect to see this 3:1 ratio (dominant: recessive) from two het parents? If all of the data from het parents are pooled, do you see a clean 3:1 ratio? If not, can you explain the bias in the data? 18
19 What is the overall probability of two hets producing: 1 affected and three unaffected progeny? For this calculation, you need to figure out the possible scenerios consistent with 3 dominant and 1 recessive progeny all affected? all unaffected? three affected and one unaffected two affected and two unaffected (1 - all other possibilties) This analysis of expected frequencies given a small sample sizes illustrates how the progeny ratios will bounce around if only a small number of progeny are examined 19
20 What is the overall probability of two hets producing: 1 affected and three unaffected progeny? For this calculation, you need to figure out the possible scenerios consistent with 3 dominant and 1 recessive progeny all affected? all unaffected? three affected and one unaffected two affected and two unaffected (1 - all other possibilties) This analysis of expected frequencies given a small sample sizes illustrates how the progeny ratios will bounce around if only a small number of progeny are examined 1/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 20
21 Rexamine data on pg 11 Presumably with a collection of pedigrees and a large enough set of data, the segregation patterns (ratios) will tend to approximate predicted probabilities. But, if all the data are combined (looking at progeny of heterozygous parents only), the ratio of normal to affected (wildtype to mutant) is closer to _?? to 1 rather than 3:1 Speculate about why the data might still be skewed even when a very large pool of data are assessed 21
Pedigree Construction Notes
Name Date Pedigree Construction Notes GO TO à Mendelian Inheritance (http://www.uic.edu/classes/bms/bms655/lesson3.html) When human geneticists first began to publish family studies, they used a variety
More informationChapter 4 PEDIGREE ANALYSIS IN HUMAN GENETICS
Chapter 4 PEDIGREE ANALYSIS IN HUMAN GENETICS Chapter Summary In order to study the transmission of human genetic traits to the next generation, a different method of operation had to be adopted. Instead
More informationBiology 321 QUIZ#3 W2010 Total points: 20 NAME
Biology 321 QUIZ#3 W2010 Total points: 20 NAME 1. (5 pts.) Examine the pedigree shown above. For each mode of inheritance listed below indicate: E = this mode of inheritance is excluded by the data C =
More informationChapter 7: Pedigree Analysis B I O L O G Y
Name Date Period Chapter 7: Pedigree Analysis B I O L O G Y Introduction: A pedigree is a diagram of family relationships that uses symbols to represent people and lines to represent genetic relationships.
More informationPedigree Analysis. A = the trait (a genetic disease or abnormality, dominant) a = normal (recessive)
Pedigree Analysis Introduction A pedigree is a diagram of family relationships that uses symbols to represent people and lines to represent genetic relationships. These diagrams make it easier to visualize
More informationHuman Molecular Genetics Prof. S. Ganesh Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Human Molecular Genetics Prof. S. Ganesh Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Module - 02 Lecture - 06 Let us test your understanding of Pedigree
More informationUnifactorial or Single Gene Disorders. Hanan Hamamy Department of Genetic Medicine and Development Geneva University Hospital
Unifactorial or Single Gene Disorders Hanan Hamamy Department of Genetic Medicine and Development Geneva University Hospital Training Course in Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Geneva 2011 Single
More informationPedigree Analysis Why do Pedigrees? Goals of Pedigree Analysis Basic Symbols More Symbols Y-Linked Inheritance
Pedigree Analysis Why do Pedigrees? Punnett squares and chi-square tests work well for organisms that have large numbers of offspring and controlled mating, but humans are quite different: Small families.
More informationMendelian Genetics and Beyond Chapter 4 Study Prompts
Mendelian Genetics and Beyond Chapter 4 Study Prompts 1. What is a mode of inheritance? 2. Can you define the following? a. Autosomal dominant b. Autosomal recessive 3. Who was Gregor Mendel? 4. What did
More informationLab Activity Report: Mendelian Genetics - Genetic Disorders
Name Date Period Lab Activity Report: Mendelian Genetics - Genetic Disorders Background: Sometimes genetic disorders are caused by mutations to normal genes. When the mutation has been in the population
More informationAgro/Ansc/Bio/Gene/Hort 305 Fall, 2017 MEDICAL GENETICS AND CANCER Chpt 24, Genetics by Brooker (lecture outline) #17
Agro/Ansc/Bio/Gene/Hort 305 Fall, 2017 MEDICAL GENETICS AND CANCER Chpt 24, Genetics by Brooker (lecture outline) #17 INTRODUCTION - Our genes underlie every aspect of human health, both in function and
More informationSingle Gene (Monogenic) Disorders. Mendelian Inheritance: Definitions. Mendelian Inheritance: Definitions
Single Gene (Monogenic) Disorders Mendelian Inheritance: Definitions A genetic locus is a specific position or location on a chromosome. Frequently, locus is used to refer to a specific gene. Alleles are
More informationA gene is a sequence of DNA that resides at a particular site on a chromosome the locus (plural loci). Genetic linkage of genes on a single
8.3 A gene is a sequence of DNA that resides at a particular site on a chromosome the locus (plural loci). Genetic linkage of genes on a single chromosome can alter their pattern of inheritance from those
More informationGenetics Unit Exam. Number of progeny with following phenotype Experiment Red White #1: Fish 2 (red) with Fish 3 (red) 100 0
Genetics Unit Exam Question You are working with an ornamental fish that shows two color phenotypes, red or white. The color is controlled by a single gene. These fish are hermaphrodites meaning they can
More informationCh 9 Assignment. 2. According to the blending theory of inheritance, a white rabbit crossed with a red rabbit would produce what kind of offspring?
Big idea: Mendel s Laws Answer the following questions as you read modules 9.1 9.10: 1. The study of genetics can be traced back to the Greek physician 2. According to the blending theory of inheritance,
More informationLecture 17: Human Genetics. I. Types of Genetic Disorders. A. Single gene disorders
Lecture 17: Human Genetics I. Types of Genetic Disorders A. Single gene disorders B. Multifactorial traits 1. Mutant alleles at several loci acting in concert C. Chromosomal abnormalities 1. Physical changes
More informationSee pedigree info on extra sheet 1. ( 6 pts)
Biol 321 Quiz #2 Spring 2010 40 pts NAME See pedigree info on extra sheet 1. ( 6 pts) Examine the pedigree shown above. For each mode of inheritance listed below indicate: E = this mode of inheritance
More informationName Class Date. Review Guide. Genetics. The fundamental principles of genetics were first discovered by. What type of plant did he breed?.
Name Class Date Review Guide Genetics The fundamental principles of genetics were first discovered by. What type of plant did he breed?. True-breeding parental plants are called the generation. Their hybrid
More informationHuman Genetic Diseases (non mutation)
mutation) Pedigrees mutation) 1. Autosomal recessive inheritance: this is the inheritance of a disease through a recessive allele. In order for the person to have the condition they would have to be homozygous
More informationGenetics Practice Problems
Genetics Practice Problems Part I- One Trait Crosses 1. Cystic fibrosis is carried on the recessive allele. Normal is dominant. A normal man and a woman with cystic fibrosis have one CF child and one normal
More informationSolutions to Genetics Unit Exam
Solutions to Genetics Unit Exam Question 1 You are working with an ornamental fish that shows two color phenotypes, red or white. The color is controlled by a single gene. These fish are hermaphrodites
More information3. Mating two organisms produces a 3:1 ratio of the phenotype in progeny. The parental genotypes are
1. In dihybrid crosses, the ratio 9:3:3:1 indicates A. codominance. B. independent assortment. C. intermediate dominance. D. three alleles for each trait. 2. Mating of two organisms produces a 1:1 ratio
More informationFigure 1: Transmission of Wing Shape & Body Color Alleles: F0 Mating. Figure 1.1: Transmission of Wing Shape & Body Color Alleles: Expected F1 Outcome
I. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance As early cytologists worked out the mechanism of cell division in the late 1800 s, they began to notice similarities in the behavior of BOTH chromosomes & Mendel s
More informationA. Incorrect! Cells contain the units of genetic they are not the unit of heredity.
MCAT Biology Problem Drill PS07: Mendelian Genetics Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. The smallest unit of heredity is. Question #01 (A) Cell (B) Gene (C) Chromosome (D) Allele Cells contain the units of
More information5Which one of the following occurs in meiosis, but not mitosis?
Practice Questions: 1Humans possess: a. 22 pairs of sex chromosomes and 1 pair of autosomes b. 23 pairs of autosomes c. equal numbers of autosomes and sex chromosomes d. 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair
More informationGenetics - Problem Drill 06: Pedigree and Sex Determination
Genetics - Problem Drill 06: Pedigree and Sex Determination No. 1 of 10 1. The following is a pedigree of a human trait. Determine which trait this is. (A) Y-linked Trait (B) X-linked Dominant Trait (C)
More informationThe Discovery of Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Traits
The Discovery of Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Traits Outcomes: 1. Compare the pattern of inheritance produced by genes on the sex chromosomes to that produced by genes on autosomes, as investigated by Morgan.
More informationActivity 15.2 Solving Problems When the Genetics Are Unknown
f. Blue-eyed, color-blind females 1 2 0 0 g. What is the probability that any of the males will be color-blind? 1 2 (Note: This question asks only about the males, not about all of the offspring. If we
More informationMendelian Genetics & Inheritance Patterns. Multiple Choice Review. Slide 1 / 47. Slide 2 / 47. Slide 4 / 47. Slide 3 / 47. Slide 5 / 47.
Slide 1 / 47 Slide 2 / 47 New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of
More informationB-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics
B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics The Chromosome theory of inheritance is a basic principle in biology that states genes
More informationPre-AP Biology Unit 7 Genetics Review Outline
Unit 7 Genetics Review Outline Pre-AP Biology 2017-2018 LT 1 - I can explain the relationships among alleles, genes, chromosomes, genotypes, and phenotypes. This target covers application of the vocabulary
More informationSEX-LINKED INHERITANCE. Dr Rasime Kalkan
SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE Dr Rasime Kalkan Human Karyotype Picture of Human Chromosomes 22 Autosomes and 2 Sex Chromosomes Autosomal vs. Sex-Linked Traits can be either: Autosomal: traits (genes) are located
More informationMendelian Genetics & Inheritance Patterns. Multiple Choice Review. Slide 1 / 47. Slide 2 / 47. Slide 3 / 47
New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Slide 1 / 47 Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and
More informationMendelian Genetics & Inheritance Patterns. Multiple Choice Review. Slide 2 / 47. Slide 1 / 47. Slide 3 (Answer) / 47. Slide 3 / 47.
Slide 1 / 47 Slide 2 / 47 New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of
More informationNormal enzyme makes melanin (dark pigment in skin and hair) Defective enzyme does not make melanin
Genetics Supplement (These supplementary modules, a Genetics Student Handout, and Teacher Preparation Notes with suggestions for implementation are available at http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_edu/waldron/#genetics.
More informationThe Modern Genetics View
Inheritance Mendelian Genetics The Modern Genetics View Alleles are versions of a gene Gene for flower color Alleles for purple or white flowers Two alleles per trait 2 chromosomes, each with 1 gene The
More informationCh 8 Practice Questions
Ch 8 Practice Questions Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What fraction of offspring of the cross Aa Aa is homozygous for the dominant allele?
More informationGenetics. by their offspring. The study of the inheritance of traits is called.
Genetics DNA contains the genetic code for the production of. A gene is a part of DNA, which has enough bases to make for many different proteins. These specific proteins made by a gene decide the of an
More informationHuman inherited diseases
Human inherited diseases A genetic disorder that is caused by abnormality in an individual's DNA. Abnormalities can range from small mutation in a single gene to the addition or subtraction of a whole
More informationGENETICS - CLUTCH CH.2 MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: MENDELS EXPERIMENTS AND LAWS Mendel s Experiments Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied Genetics using pea plants Mendel used pure lines meaning that all offspring
More informationLesson Overview. Human Chromosomes. Lesson Overview. Human Chromosomes
Lesson Overview Karyotypes A genome is the full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA. A study of any genome starts with chromosomes, the bundles of DNA and protein found in the
More informationClassifications of genetic disorders disorders
Classifications of genetic disorders Dr. Liqaa M. Sharifi Human diseases in general can roughly be classified in to: 1-Those that are genetically determined. 2-Those that are almost entirely environmentally
More information2. A normal human germ cell before meiosis has how many nuclear chromosomes?
1 Lesson 5 Transmission/Heredity 1. Each of the following pedigrees represent one of the major modes of inheritance that we learned about for a dominant trait: (1) Autosomal, (2) Sex linked, or (3) Maternal.
More informationChapter 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance. A. Bergeron +AP Biology PCHS
Chapter 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance A. Bergeron +AP Biology PCHS Do Now - Predicting Unpredictable Genotypes As an inexperienced (albeit precocious) gardener, I am always looking to maximize
More informationdraw and interpret pedigree charts from data on human single allele and multiple allele inheritance patterns; e.g., hemophilia, blood types
Specific Outcomes for Knowledge Students will: 30 C2.1k describe the evidence for dominance, segregation and the independent assortment of genes on different chromosomes, as investigated by Mendel 30 C2.2k
More informationLab Activity 36. Principles of Heredity. Portland Community College BI 233
Lab Activity 36 Principles of Heredity Portland Community College BI 233 Terminology of Chromosomes Homologous chromosomes: A pair, of which you get one from mom, and one from dad. Example: the pair of
More informationProblem set questions from Final Exam Human Genetics, Nondisjunction, and Cancer
Problem set questions from Final Exam Human Genetics, Nondisjunction, and ancer Mapping in humans using SSRs and LOD scores 1. You set out to genetically map the locus for color blindness with respect
More informationGenetics. the of an organism. The traits of that organism can then be passed on to, on
Genetics DNA contains the genetic code for the production of. A gene is a segment of DNA, which consists of enough bases to code for many different proteins. The specific proteins produced by a gene determine
More informationGenetics 1 by Drs. Scott Poethig, Ingrid Waldron, and. Jennifer Doherty, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Copyright, 2011
Genetics 1 by Drs. Scott Poethig, Ingrid Waldron, and. Jennifer Doherty, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Copyright, 2011 We all know that children tend to resemble their parents in appearance.
More informationBasic Definitions. Dr. Mohammed Hussein Assi MBChB MSc DCH (UK) MRCPCH
Basic Definitions Chromosomes There are two types of chromosomes: autosomes (1-22) and sex chromosomes (X & Y). Humans are composed of two groups of cells: Gametes. Ova and sperm cells, which are haploid,
More informationPRINCIPLE OF INHERITANCE AND
29 CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLE OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. All genes located on the same chromosome: a. Form different groups depending upon their relative distance b. Form one linkage
More informationGenetics Review. Alleles. The Punnett Square. Genotype and Phenotype. Codominance. Incomplete Dominance
Genetics Review Alleles These two different versions of gene A create a condition known as heterozygous. Only the dominant allele (A) will be expressed. When both chromosomes have identical copies of the
More informationAnswers to Questions from old quizzes and exams Problem 1A (i). a (ii) c (iii) a (iv) d
BIOLOGY 321 SPRING 2013 ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SET #2 Answers to text questions: Chapter 2 http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/trent/trent/iga_10e_sm_chapter_02.pdf Chapter 3 http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/trent/trent/iga_10e_sm_chapter_03.pdf
More informationDan Koller, Ph.D. Medical and Molecular Genetics
Design of Genetic Studies Dan Koller, Ph.D. Research Assistant Professor Medical and Molecular Genetics Genetics and Medicine Over the past decade, advances from genetics have permeated medicine Identification
More informationChapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Name Period Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Concept 15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes 1. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? 2.
More informationBiology 105: Introduction to Genetics Midterm EXAM. Part1. Definitions. 1 Recessive allele. Name. Student ID. 2 Homologous chromosomes
Biology 105: Introduction to Genetics Midterm EXAM Part1 Definitions 1 Recessive allele Name Student ID 2 Homologous chromosomes Before starting, write your name on the top of each page Make sure you have
More informationTake a look at the three adult bears shown in these photographs:
Take a look at the three adult bears shown in these photographs: Which of these adult bears do you think is most likely to be the parent of the bear cubs shown in the photograph on the right? How did you
More information8.1 Genes Are Particulate and Are Inherited According to Mendel s Laws 8.2 Alleles and Genes Interact to Produce Phenotypes 8.3 Genes Are Carried on
Chapter 8 8.1 Genes Are Particulate and Are Inherited According to Mendel s Laws 8.2 Alleles and Genes Interact to Produce Phenotypes 8.3 Genes Are Carried on Chromosomes 8.4 Prokaryotes Can Exchange Genetic
More informationHuman Molecular Genetics Prof. S. Ganesh Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Human Molecular Genetics Prof. S. Ganesh Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Module - 02 Lecture - 05 Pedigree Analysis Welcome to the second week
More informationWhat we mean more precisely is that this gene controls the difference in seed form between the round and wrinkled strains that Mendel worked with
9/23/05 Mendel Revisited In typical genetical parlance the hereditary factor that determines the round/wrinkled seed difference as referred to as the gene for round or wrinkled seeds What we mean more
More informationGenome 371, Autumn 2018 Quiz Section 9: Genetics of Cancer Worksheet
Genome 371, Autumn 2018 Quiz Section 9: Genetics of Cancer Worksheet All cancer is due to genetic mutations. However, in cancer that clusters in families (familial cancer) at least one of these mutations
More informationLaboratory. Mendelian Genetics
Laboratory 9 Mendelian Genetics Biology 171L FA17 Lab 9: Mendelian Genetics Student Learning Outcomes 1. Predict the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of a monohybrid cross. 2. Determine whether a gene is
More informationChapter 1 : Genetics 101
Chapter 1 : Genetics 101 Understanding the underlying concepts of human genetics and the role of genes, behavior, and the environment will be important to appropriately collecting and applying genetic
More information2. Circle the genotypes in the table that are homozygous. Explain how the two different homozygous genotypes result in different phenotypes.
Genetics Supplement (These supplementary modules, a Genetics Student Handout, and Teacher Preparation Notes with background information are available at http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_edu/waldron/#genetics.
More informationPatterns in Inheritance. Chapter 10
Patterns in Inheritance Chapter 10 What you absolutely need to know Punnett Square with monohybrid and dihybrid cross Heterozygous, homozygous, alleles, locus, gene Test cross, P, F1, F2 Mendel and his
More informationMendelian Genetics. 7.3 Gene Linkage and Mapping Genes can be mapped to specific locations on chromosomes.
7 Extending CHAPTER Mendelian Genetics GETTING READY TO LEARN Preview Key Concepts 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype The chromosomes on which genes are located can affect the expression of traits. 7.2 Complex
More informationBy Mir Mohammed Abbas II PCMB 'A' CHAPTER CONCEPT NOTES
Chapter Notes- Genetics By Mir Mohammed Abbas II PCMB 'A' 1 CHAPTER CONCEPT NOTES Relationship between genes and chromosome of diploid organism and the terms used to describe them Know the terms Terms
More informationThe laws of Heredity. Allele: is the copy (or a version) of the gene that control the same characteristics.
The laws of Heredity 1. Definition: Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to their offspring by means of the genes from the parents. Gene: Part or portion of a chromosome that carries genetic information
More informationExtra Review Practice Biology Test Genetics
Mendel fill in the blanks: Extra Review Practice Biology Test Genetics Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied genetics primarily using plants. He started with plants that produced offspring with only
More informationDownloaded from
Chapter-5 Principles of Inheritance and Variations Chapter No. Chapter Name Concepts Degree of imp. Ref. NCERT text book.: page nos Common errors 5 Principles of inheritance and variations 1. Mendel s
More informationPuzzling Pedigrees. Essential Question: How can pedigrees be used to study the inheritance of human traits?
Name: Puzzling Pedigrees Essential Question: How can pedigrees be used to study the inheritance of human traits? Studying inheritance in humans is more difficult than studying inheritance in fruit flies
More informationUnit 3. Intro. Genetics The branch of biology that deals with variation (differences) and inheritance. Genetics. Sep 6 5:24 PM.
Unit 3.notebook June 03, 2014 Unit 3 Genetics Sep 6 5:24 PM Intro Genetics The branch of biology that deals with variation (differences) and inheritance. Feb 27 1:30 PM Intro Heredity The passing of genetic
More informationLAB 10 Principles of Genetic Inheritance
LAB 10 Principles of Genetic Inheritance Objectives 1. Examine the nature of probability. 2. Solve various types of genetics problems. Overview In this laboratory you will learn about the basic principles
More informationGenetics Practice Questions:
Genetics Practice Questions: 1. Define the following Vocabulary Words: Fertilization fusion of a haploid nucleus of an egg cell and a haploid nucleus of a sperm cell haploid-- a nucleus containing a single
More informationDownloaded from Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation Genetics: Genetics is a branch of biology which deals with principles of inheritance and its practices. Heredity: It is transmission of traits from one
More informationGENETICS - NOTES-
GENETICS - NOTES- Warm Up Exercise Using your previous knowledge of genetics, determine what maternal genotype would most likely yield offspring with such characteristics. Use the genotype that you came
More information(b) What is the allele frequency of the b allele in the new merged population on the island?
2005 7.03 Problem Set 6 KEY Due before 5 PM on WEDNESDAY, November 23, 2005. Turn answers in to the box outside of 68-120. PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THIS PRINTOUT. 1. Two populations (Population One
More informationGenetics: Mendel and Beyond
Genetics: Mendel and Beyond 10 Genetics: Mendel and Beyond Put the following words in their correct location in the sentences below. crossing over fertilization meiosis zygote 4 haploid prophase I diploid
More informationPatterns of Inheritance
1 Patterns of Inheritance Bio 103 Lecture Dr. Largen 2 Topics Mendel s Principles Variations on Mendel s Principles Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Genes 3 Experimental
More informationWHAT S IN THIS LECTURE?
What is meant by the term monogenic? WHAT S IN THIS LECTURE? WHAT S MENDEL S PRINCIPLE OF SEGREGATION? What s probability got to do with this? WHAT S MENDEL S PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT? 1 FROM
More informationPedigrees: Genetic Family History
Pedigrees: Genetic Family History - Women are represented with a. - Men are represented with a. - Affected individuals are (individuals who express the trait). C B A D If this is you who are The other
More informationThe Determination of the Genetic Order and Genetic Map for the Eye Color, Wing Size, and Bristle Morphology in Drosophila melanogaster
Kudlac 1 Kaitie Kudlac March 24, 2015 Professor Ma Genetics 356 The Determination of the Genetic Order and Genetic Map for the Eye Color, Wing Size, and Bristle Morphology in Drosophila melanogaster Abstract:
More informationMendelian Genetics. Gregor Mendel. Father of modern genetics
Mendelian Genetics Gregor Mendel Father of modern genetics Objectives I can compare and contrast mitosis & meiosis. I can properly use the genetic vocabulary presented. I can differentiate and gather data
More informationTwo copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype.
UNIT 3 GENETICS LESSON #34: Chromosomes and Phenotype Objective: Explain how the chromosomes on which genes are located can affect the expression of traits. Take a moment to look at the variety of treats
More informationGenes and Inheritance (11-12)
Genes and Inheritance (11-12) You are a unique combination of your two parents We all have two copies of each gene (one maternal and one paternal) Gametes produced via meiosis contain only one copy of
More informationGenetics All somatic cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes 22 pairs of autosomes 1 pair of sex chromosomes Genes contained in each pair of chromosomes
Chapter 6 Genetics and Inheritance Lecture 1: Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance Asexual reproduction = daughter cells genetically identical to parent (clones) Sexual reproduction = offspring are genetic
More informationGenetics 1. Down s syndrome is caused by an extra copy of cshromosome no 21. What percentage of
Genetics 1. Down s syndrome is caused by an extra copy of cshromosome no 21. What percentage of offspring produced by an affected mother and a normal father would be affected by this disorder? (2003) 1)
More informationWhat You ll Learn. Genetics Since Mendel. ! Explain how traits are inherited by incomplete dominance
Genetics Since Mendel GLE 0707.4.4 Predict the probable appearance of offspring based on the genetic characteristics of the parents. What You ll Learn! Explain how traits are inherited by incomplete dominance!
More informationChapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Name Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes 1. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? 2. Explain the law
More informationWhat creates variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing organisms?
What creates variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing organisms? 1. genetic recombination during fertilization 2. mitotic division in body cells 62% 3. crossing over in mitosis 4. homologous
More informationCHAPTER- 05 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
CHAPTER- 05 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION Genetics is the study of principles and mechanism of heredity and variation. Gregor Johann Mendel is known as father of Genetics. Inheritance is the
More informationActivities to Accompany the Genetics and Evolution App for ipad and iphone
Activities to Accompany the Genetics and Evolution App for ipad and iphone All of the following questions can be answered using the ipad version of the Genetics and Evolution App. When using the iphone
More information14.1 Human Chromosomes pg
14.1 Human Chromosomes pg. 392-397 Lesson Objectives Identify the types of human chromosomes in a karotype. Describe the patterns of the inheritance of human traits. Explain how pedigrees are used to study
More informationMeiosis and Genetics
Meiosis and Genetics Humans have chromosomes in each cell What pattern do you notice in the human karyotype (a technique that organizes chromosomes by type and size)? Humans are diploid 1 Gametes are produced
More informationSSN SBPM Workshop Exam One. Short Answer Questions & Answers
SSN SBPM Workshop Exam One Short Answer Questions & Answers 1. Describe the effects of DNA damage on the cell cycle. ANS : DNA damage causes cell cycle arrest at a G2 checkpoint. This arrest allows time
More information- Aya Alomoush. - Talal Al-Zabin. - Belal Azab. 1 P a g e
24 - Aya Alomoush - Talal Al-Zabin - Belal Azab 1 P a g e 1) Features of autosomal dominant inheritance: A) Vertical transmission: direct transmission from grandparent to parent to child without skipping
More informationLab 5: Testing Hypotheses about Patterns of Inheritance
Lab 5: Testing Hypotheses about Patterns of Inheritance How do we talk about genetic information? Each cell in living organisms contains DNA. DNA is made of nucleotide subunits arranged in very long strands.
More informationChapter 02 Mendelian Inheritance
Chapter 02 Mendelian Inheritance Multiple Choice Questions 1. The theory of pangenesis was first proposed by. A. Aristotle B. Galen C. Mendel D. Hippocrates E. None of these Learning Objective: Understand
More informationPRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION Genetics Genetics is a branch of biology dealing with inheritance and variation of characters from parents of offspring. Inheritance Process by which characters
More information