Lecture 6 Hearing 1. Raghav Rajan Bio 354 Neurobiology 2 January 28th All lecture material from the following links unless otherwise mentioned:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Lecture 6 Hearing 1. Raghav Rajan Bio 354 Neurobiology 2 January 28th All lecture material from the following links unless otherwise mentioned:"

Transcription

1 Lecture 6 Hearing 1 All lecture material from the following links unless otherwise mentioned: 1. _balance.pdf 2. Raghav Rajan Bio 354 Neurobiology 2 January 28th

2 General announcements No class tomorrow (29th Jan) Extra classes on Wednesday Feb. 4th 4:30pm and Fridays Feb. 6th 2-3pm. Quiz on Feb. 5th (upto Feb. 4th classes) 2

3 Assignment Groups of 5 Colour, Motion, Depth, Faces, Speech(Voices), Music, Echolocation, Odor objects, Somatosensory whisker contact information (barrel cortex, rats) Introduction to the problem Which areas are involved? What are the responses? What happens with damage? What have we learnt about how the feature is processed and perceived? In general does it say anything about brain function? Caveats, What next? or What is currently being studied? 10 min presentation (8 min + 2 min questions) 11th Feb (4:30pm) or 13th Feb. (2pm) 3

4 From the last three classes...!! What happens to percepts in split-brain patients? (Sahana) What happens in drug-induced synesthesia? Aperture control (Vishnu) Lesions of V1 (Subhadra) Pin-wheel centers orientation tuning Responses to natural scenes (Radhika) 4

5 Auditory system and hearing Structure and anatomy of auditory system How is sound energy converted into electrical and chemical signals? Coding in the auditory system Frequency Intensity Source localization Higher order functions Identifying auditory objects (sounds, voices) Speech Music Echolocation Avoiding echolocation jamming by moths 5

6 What is sound? Compressions and rarefactions pressure waves Has 4 features Waveform Amplitude Frequency Phase Fourier transform 6

7 About our auditory system Very sensitive Frequency range 20 Hz to Hz infants can hear a little above Hz range decreases with age - adults can hear only upto Hz 7

8 External ear Amplification (~3kHz range speech range) Differential filtering of sounds to provide cues about elevation of sound source 8

9 Inner ear cochlea and cochlear nerve Converts sound energy into electrical impulses Mechanical frequency analyzer 9

10 Inner ear cochlea and cochlear nerve Converts sound energy into electrical impulses Mechanical frequency analyzer 10

11 Middle ear Air to aqueous medium transition could result in most sound being reflected Middle ear prevents this by focusing sound pressure from large diameter tympanic membrane onto smaller diameter round window mechanical advantage through lever action of middle ear bones 11

12 Vibrations of basilar membrane frequency specificity Sound transferred from tympanum to round window through middle ear bones Make fluid move over the basilar membrane Basilar membrane uniform only in some birds and reptiles Apex of basilar membrane is 5 time broader than base Thin and floppy at apex Thicker and more taut at base Georg von Bekesy, Helmholtz Tonotopic map Distance from apex of cochlea and frequency response logarithmic relationship (not linear) 12

13 Frequency decomposition by cochlea 13

14 Organ of Corti in the cochlea has hair cells that transduce sound energy into electrical impulses 14

15 Structure of Organ of Corti Three (or four) rows of outer hair cells ~ One row of inner hair cells ~ 3500 Each hair cell has many bundles of hair-like processes or stereocilia 15

16 Structure of stereocilia Stereocilia arranged symmetrically Contain actin cytoskeleton Tip links (~3nm in diameter) connect adjacent stereocilia 16

17 Shear forces between tectorial and basilar membrane Different anchor points for tectorial and basilar membrane Vibrations result in a shear force This bends the stereocilia that sit on the hair cells At threshold of hearing, hair bundle moves as little as 0.3nm!! Can convert this into electrical signals in ~10μs!! Hair cells do not regenerate Can easily be damaged 17

18 Tip links are connected to ion channels Tip links directly open or close cation-selective channels Movement in the plane of symmetry is effective in opening or closing Some channels open at rest Therefore, depending on direction of movement, both depolarisation and hyperpolarisation possible Graded response potentials as tension on tip-links varies 18

19 19

20 Ionic basis of response Stereocilia are in endolymph high K+ Endolymph 80mv > perilymph Endocochlear potential 20

21 Structure of Organ of Corti Inner hair cells actual sensory hair cells Outer hair cells get input from the brain Can contract and relax May be involved in changing the stiffness of tectorial membrane therefore active mechanism for frequency tuning 21

22 Auditory nerve responses 22

23 Auditory system and hearing Coding in the auditory system Frequency Intensity Source localization Cochlea provides an output with high temporal resolution Sound is also separated into different frequency components Higher order functions 23

24 Pathways to the brain Lot of processing before cortex A number of parallel pathways Information from both ears reaches even early areas brainstem, etc. 24

Lecture 7 Hearing 2. Raghav Rajan Bio 354 Neurobiology 2 February 04th All lecture material from the following links unless otherwise mentioned:

Lecture 7 Hearing 2. Raghav Rajan Bio 354 Neurobiology 2 February 04th All lecture material from the following links unless otherwise mentioned: Lecture 7 Hearing 2 All lecture material from the following links unless otherwise mentioned: 1. http://wws.weizmann.ac.il/neurobiology/labs/ulanovsky/sites/neurobiology.labs.ulanovsky/files/uploads/purves_ch12_ch13_hearing

More information

ENT 318 Artificial Organs Physiology of Ear

ENT 318 Artificial Organs Physiology of Ear ENT 318 Artificial Organs Physiology of Ear Lecturer: Ahmad Nasrul Norali The Ear The Ear Components of hearing mechanism - Outer Ear - Middle Ear - Inner Ear - Central Auditory Nervous System Major Divisions

More information

Auditory System Feedback

Auditory System Feedback Feedback Auditory System Feedback Using all or a portion of the information from the output of a system to regulate or control the processes or inputs in order to modify the output. Central control of

More information

Required Slide. Session Objectives

Required Slide. Session Objectives Auditory Physiology Required Slide Session Objectives Auditory System: At the end of this session, students will be able to: 1. Characterize the range of normal human hearing. 2. Understand the components

More information

Deafness and hearing impairment

Deafness and hearing impairment Auditory Physiology Deafness and hearing impairment About one in every 10 Americans has some degree of hearing loss. The great majority develop hearing loss as they age. Hearing impairment in very early

More information

Auditory System. Barb Rohrer (SEI )

Auditory System. Barb Rohrer (SEI ) Auditory System Barb Rohrer (SEI614 2-5086) Sounds arise from mechanical vibration (creating zones of compression and rarefaction; which ripple outwards) Transmitted through gaseous, aqueous or solid medium

More information

Systems Neuroscience Oct. 16, Auditory system. http:

Systems Neuroscience Oct. 16, Auditory system. http: Systems Neuroscience Oct. 16, 2018 Auditory system http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html The physics of sound Measuring sound intensity We are sensitive to an enormous range of intensities,

More information

Before we talk about the auditory system we will talk about the sound and waves

Before we talk about the auditory system we will talk about the sound and waves The Auditory System PHYSIO: #3 DR.LOAI ZAGOUL 24/3/2014 Refer to the slides for some photos. Before we talk about the auditory system we will talk about the sound and waves All waves have basic characteristics:

More information

Auditory Physiology PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 29. Hearing

Auditory Physiology PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 29. Hearing Auditory Physiology PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 29 A dangerous device. Hearing The sound stimulus is changes in pressure The simplest sounds vary in: Frequency: Hertz, cycles per second. How fast the

More information

PSY 310: Sensory and Perceptual Processes 1

PSY 310: Sensory and Perceptual Processes 1 Auditory Physiology PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 29 A dangerous device. Hearing The sound stimulus is changes in pressure The simplest sounds vary in: Frequency: Hertz, cycles per second. How fast the

More information

Intro to Audition & Hearing

Intro to Audition & Hearing Intro to Audition & Hearing Lecture 16 Chapter 9, part II Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Fall 2017 1 Sine wave: one of the simplest kinds of sounds: sound for which pressure

More information

SOLUTIONS Homework #3. Introduction to Engineering in Medicine and Biology ECEN 1001 Due Tues. 9/30/03

SOLUTIONS Homework #3. Introduction to Engineering in Medicine and Biology ECEN 1001 Due Tues. 9/30/03 SOLUTIONS Homework #3 Introduction to Engineering in Medicine and Biology ECEN 1001 Due Tues. 9/30/03 Problem 1: a) Where in the cochlea would you say the process of "fourier decomposition" of the incoming

More information

MECHANISM OF HEARING

MECHANISM OF HEARING MECHANISM OF HEARING Sound: Sound is a vibration that propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a transmission medium such as gas, liquid or solid. Sound is produced from alternate compression

More information

Mechanical Properties of the Cochlea. Reading: Yost Ch. 7

Mechanical Properties of the Cochlea. Reading: Yost Ch. 7 Mechanical Properties of the Cochlea CF Reading: Yost Ch. 7 The Cochlea Inner ear contains auditory and vestibular sensory organs. Cochlea is a coiled tri-partite tube about 35 mm long. Basilar membrane,

More information

PSY 214 Lecture # (11/9/2011) (Sound, Auditory & Speech Perception) Dr. Achtman PSY 214

PSY 214 Lecture # (11/9/2011) (Sound, Auditory & Speech Perception) Dr. Achtman PSY 214 PSY 214 Lecture 16 Topic: Sound, Auditory System & Speech Perception Chapter 11, pages 270-289 Corrections: None Announcements: CD is available outside Dr Achtman s office if you would like to see demonstrations

More information

PSY 215 Lecture 10 Topic: Hearing Chapter 7, pages

PSY 215 Lecture 10 Topic: Hearing Chapter 7, pages PSY 215 Lecture 10 Topic: Hearing Chapter 7, pages 189-197 Corrections: NTC 09-1, page 3, the Superior Colliculus is in the midbrain (Mesencephalon). Announcements: Movie next Monday: Case of the frozen

More information

COM3502/4502/6502 SPEECH PROCESSING

COM3502/4502/6502 SPEECH PROCESSING COM3502/4502/6502 SPEECH PROCESSING Lecture 4 Hearing COM3502/4502/6502 Speech Processing: Lecture 4, slide 1 The Speech Chain SPEAKER Ear LISTENER Feedback Link Vocal Muscles Ear Sound Waves Taken from:

More information

Auditory Physiology PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 30. Organ of Corti

Auditory Physiology PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 30. Organ of Corti Auditory Physiology PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 30 Waves, waves, waves. Organ of Corti Tectorial membrane Sits on top Inner hair cells Outer hair cells The microphone for the brain 1 Hearing Perceptually,

More information

Hearing and Balance 1

Hearing and Balance 1 Hearing and Balance 1 Slide 3 Sound is produced by vibration of an object which produces alternating waves of pressure and rarefaction, for example this tuning fork. Slide 4 Two characteristics of sound

More information

Unit VIII Problem 9 Physiology: Hearing

Unit VIII Problem 9 Physiology: Hearing Unit VIII Problem 9 Physiology: Hearing - We can hear a limited range of frequency between 20 Hz 20,000 Hz (human hearing acuity is between 1000 Hz 4000 Hz). - The ear is divided into 3 parts. Those are:

More information

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 9.01 Recitation (R02)

More information

to vibrate the fluid. The ossicles amplify the pressure. The surface area of the oval window is

to vibrate the fluid. The ossicles amplify the pressure. The surface area of the oval window is Page 1 of 6 Question 1: How is the conduction of sound to the cochlea facilitated by the ossicles of the middle ear? Answer: Sound waves traveling through air move the tympanic membrane, which, in turn,

More information

Structure, Energy Transmission and Function. Gross Anatomy. Structure, Function & Process. External Auditory Meatus or Canal (EAM, EAC) Outer Ear

Structure, Energy Transmission and Function. Gross Anatomy. Structure, Function & Process. External Auditory Meatus or Canal (EAM, EAC) Outer Ear Gross Anatomy Structure, Energy Transmission and Function IE N O ME 1 Structure, Function & Process 4 External Auditory Meatus or Canal (EAM, EAC) Outer third is cartilaginous Inner 2/3 is osseous Junction

More information

BCS 221: Auditory Perception BCS 521 & PSY 221

BCS 221: Auditory Perception BCS 521 & PSY 221 BCS 221: Auditory Perception BCS 521 & PSY 221 Time: MW 10:25 11:40 AM Recitation: F 10:25 11:25 AM Room: Hutchinson 473 Lecturer: Dr. Kevin Davis Office: 303E Meliora Hall Office hours: M 1 3 PM kevin_davis@urmc.rochester.edu

More information

Hearing. istockphoto/thinkstock

Hearing. istockphoto/thinkstock Hearing istockphoto/thinkstock Audition The sense or act of hearing The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves Sound waves are composed of changes in air pressure unfolding over time. Acoustical transduction: Conversion

More information

SPECIAL SENSES: THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

SPECIAL SENSES: THE AUDITORY SYSTEM SPECIAL SENSES: THE AUDITORY SYSTEM REVISION OF PHYSICS: WAVES A wave is an oscillation of power, sound waves have two main characteristics: amplitude, which is the maximum displacement or the power of

More information

Chapter 13 Physics of the Ear and Hearing

Chapter 13 Physics of the Ear and Hearing Hearing 100 times greater dynamic range than vision Wide frequency range (20 ~ 20,000 Hz) Sense of hearing Mechanical system that stimulates the hair cells in the cochlea Sensors that produce action potentials

More information

Neurobiology Biomed 509 Sensory transduction References: Luo , ( ), , M4.1, M6.2

Neurobiology Biomed 509 Sensory transduction References: Luo , ( ), , M4.1, M6.2 Neurobiology Biomed 509 Sensory transduction References: Luo 4.1 4.8, (4.9 4.23), 6.22 6.24, M4.1, M6.2 I. Transduction The role of sensory systems is to convert external energy into electrical signals

More information

College of Medicine Dept. of Medical physics Physics of ear and hearing /CH

College of Medicine Dept. of Medical physics Physics of ear and hearing /CH College of Medicine Dept. of Medical physics Physics of ear and hearing /CH 13 2017-2018 ***************************************************************** o Introduction : The ear is the organ that detects

More information

Auditory Physiology Richard M. Costanzo, Ph.D.

Auditory Physiology Richard M. Costanzo, Ph.D. Auditory Physiology Richard M. Costanzo, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES After studying the material of this lecture, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the morphology and function of the following structures:

More information

Hearing Sound. The Human Auditory System. The Outer Ear. Music 170: The Ear

Hearing Sound. The Human Auditory System. The Outer Ear. Music 170: The Ear Hearing Sound Music 170: The Ear Tamara Smyth, trsmyth@ucsd.edu Department of Music, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) November 17, 2016 Sound interpretation in the auditory system is done by

More information

Music 170: The Ear. Tamara Smyth, Department of Music, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) November 17, 2016

Music 170: The Ear. Tamara Smyth, Department of Music, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) November 17, 2016 Music 170: The Ear Tamara Smyth, trsmyth@ucsd.edu Department of Music, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) November 17, 2016 1 Hearing Sound Sound interpretation in the auditory system is done by

More information

Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited

More information

Chapter 3: Anatomy and physiology of the sensory auditory mechanism

Chapter 3: Anatomy and physiology of the sensory auditory mechanism Chapter 3: Anatomy and physiology of the sensory auditory mechanism Objectives (1) Anatomy of the inner ear Functions of the cochlear and vestibular systems Three compartments within the cochlea and membranes

More information

SPHSC 462 HEARING DEVELOPMENT. Overview Review of Hearing Science Introduction

SPHSC 462 HEARING DEVELOPMENT. Overview Review of Hearing Science Introduction SPHSC 462 HEARING DEVELOPMENT Overview Review of Hearing Science Introduction 1 Overview of course and requirements Lecture/discussion; lecture notes on website http://faculty.washington.edu/lawerner/sphsc462/

More information

Sound Waves. Sensation and Perception. Sound Waves. Sound Waves. Sound Waves

Sound Waves. Sensation and Perception. Sound Waves. Sound Waves. Sound Waves Sensation and Perception Part 3 - Hearing Sound comes from pressure waves in a medium (e.g., solid, liquid, gas). Although we usually hear sounds in air, as long as the medium is there to transmit the

More information

Hearing. By: Jimmy, Dana, and Karissa

Hearing. By: Jimmy, Dana, and Karissa Hearing By: Jimmy, Dana, and Karissa Anatomy - The ear is divided up into three parts - Sound enters in through the outer ear and passes into the middle where the vibrations are received and sent to the

More information

Sound and Hearing. Decibels. Frequency Coding & Localization 1. Everything is vibration. The universe is made of waves.

Sound and Hearing. Decibels. Frequency Coding & Localization 1. Everything is vibration. The universe is made of waves. Frequency Coding & Localization 1 Sound and Hearing Everything is vibration The universe is made of waves db = 2log(P1/Po) P1 = amplitude of the sound wave Po = reference pressure =.2 dynes/cm 2 Decibels

More information

Sound and its characteristics. The decibel scale. Structure and function of the ear. Békésy s theory. Molecular basis of hair cell function.

Sound and its characteristics. The decibel scale. Structure and function of the ear. Békésy s theory. Molecular basis of hair cell function. Hearing Sound and its characteristics. The decibel scale. Structure and function of the ear. Békésy s theory. Molecular basis of hair cell function. 19/11/2014 Sound A type of longitudinal mass wave that

More information

Cochlear anatomy, function and pathology I. Professor Dave Furness Keele University

Cochlear anatomy, function and pathology I. Professor Dave Furness Keele University Cochlear anatomy, function and pathology I Professor Dave Furness Keele University d.n.furness@keele.ac.uk Aims and objectives of these lectures Introduction to gross anatomy of the cochlea Focus (1) on

More information

What is the effect on the hair cell if the stereocilia are bent away from the kinocilium?

What is the effect on the hair cell if the stereocilia are bent away from the kinocilium? CASE 44 A 53-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with complaints of feeling like the room is spinning, dizziness, decreased hearing, ringing in the ears, and fullness in both ears. He states

More information

What does it mean to analyze the frequency components of a sound? A spectrogram such as that shown here is the usual display of frequency components

What does it mean to analyze the frequency components of a sound? A spectrogram such as that shown here is the usual display of frequency components 1 2 3 4 What does it mean to analyze the frequency components of a sound? A spectrogram such as that shown here is the usual display of frequency components as a function of time here during the production

More information

Receptors / physiology

Receptors / physiology Hearing: physiology Receptors / physiology Energy transduction First goal of a sensory/perceptual system? Transduce environmental energy into neural energy (or energy that can be interpreted by perceptual

More information

Νευροφυσιολογία και Αισθήσεις

Νευροφυσιολογία και Αισθήσεις Biomedical Imaging & Applied Optics University of Cyprus Νευροφυσιολογία και Αισθήσεις Διάλεξη 11 Ακουστικό και Αιθουσιαίο Σύστημα (Auditory and Vestibular Systems) Introduction Sensory Systems Sense of

More information

Chapter 17, Part 2! The Special Senses! Hearing and Equilibrium!

Chapter 17, Part 2! The Special Senses! Hearing and Equilibrium! Chapter 17, Part 2! The Special Senses! Hearing and Equilibrium! SECTION 17-5! Equilibrium sensations originate within the inner ear, while hearing involves the detection and interpretation of sound waves!

More information

Chapter 17, Part 2! Chapter 17 Part 2 Special Senses! The Special Senses! Hearing and Equilibrium!

Chapter 17, Part 2! Chapter 17 Part 2 Special Senses! The Special Senses! Hearing and Equilibrium! Chapter 17, Part 2! The Special Senses! Hearing and Equilibrium! SECTION 17-5! Equilibrium sensations originate within the inner ear, while hearing involves the detection and interpretation of sound waves!

More information

HEARING. Structure and Function

HEARING. Structure and Function HEARING Structure and Function Rory Attwood MBChB,FRCS Division of Otorhinolaryngology Faculty of Health Sciences Tygerberg Campus, University of Stellenbosch Analyse Function of auditory system Discriminate

More information

Sound. Audition. Physics of Sound. Properties of sound. Perception of sound works the same way as light.

Sound. Audition. Physics of Sound. Properties of sound. Perception of sound works the same way as light. Sound Audition Perception of sound works the same way as light. Have receptors to convert a physical stimulus to action potentials Action potentials are organized in brain structures You apply some meaning

More information

Audition. Sound. Physics of Sound. Perception of sound works the same way as light.

Audition. Sound. Physics of Sound. Perception of sound works the same way as light. Audition Sound Perception of sound works the same way as light. Have receptors to convert a physical stimulus to action potentials Action potentials are organized in brain structures You apply some meaning

More information

Hearing Lectures. Acoustics of Speech and Hearing. Auditory Lighthouse. Facts about Timbre. Analysis of Complex Sounds

Hearing Lectures. Acoustics of Speech and Hearing. Auditory Lighthouse. Facts about Timbre. Analysis of Complex Sounds Hearing Lectures Acoustics of Speech and Hearing Week 2-10 Hearing 3: Auditory Filtering 1. Loudness of sinusoids mainly (see Web tutorial for more) 2. Pitch of sinusoids mainly (see Web tutorial for more)

More information

Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics

Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics 9 Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics Click Chapter to edit 9 Hearing: Master title Physiology style and Psychoacoustics The Function of Hearing What Is Sound? Basic Structure of the Mammalian Auditory

More information

Perception of Sound. To hear sound, your ear has to do three basic things:

Perception of Sound. To hear sound, your ear has to do three basic things: Perception of Sound Your ears are extraordinary organs. They pick up all the sounds around you and then translate this information into a form your brain can understand. One of the most remarkable things

More information

The cochlea: auditory sense. The cochlea: auditory sense

The cochlea: auditory sense. The cochlea: auditory sense Inner ear apparatus 1- Vestibule macula and sacculus sensing acceleration of the head and direction of gravity 2- Semicircular canals mainly for sensing direction of rotation of the head 1 3- cochlea in

More information

Acoustics, signals & systems for audiology. Psychoacoustics of hearing impairment

Acoustics, signals & systems for audiology. Psychoacoustics of hearing impairment Acoustics, signals & systems for audiology Psychoacoustics of hearing impairment Three main types of hearing impairment Conductive Sound is not properly transmitted from the outer to the inner ear Sensorineural

More information

Spectrograms (revisited)

Spectrograms (revisited) Spectrograms (revisited) We begin the lecture by reviewing the units of spectrograms, which I had only glossed over when I covered spectrograms at the end of lecture 19. We then relate the blocks of a

More information

Chapter 11: Sound, The Auditory System, and Pitch Perception

Chapter 11: Sound, The Auditory System, and Pitch Perception Chapter 11: Sound, The Auditory System, and Pitch Perception Overview of Questions What is it that makes sounds high pitched or low pitched? How do sound vibrations inside the ear lead to the perception

More information

Printable version - Hearing - OpenLearn - The Open University

Printable version - Hearing - OpenLearn - The Open University Skip to content Accessibility Sign in Contact Search the OU The Open University Study at the OU Research at the OU OU Community About the OU Hearing Printable page generated Saturday, 12 November 2011,

More information

The transformation of sound stimuli into electrical signals

The transformation of sound stimuli into electrical signals The transformation of sound stimuli into electrical signals Robert Fettiplace 2 1 Introduction Our sense of hearing depends on the correct performance of about 15 000 hair cells in each cochlea that serve

More information

Otoconia: Calcium carbonate crystals Gelatinous mass. Cilia. Hair cells. Vestibular nerve. Vestibular ganglion

Otoconia: Calcium carbonate crystals Gelatinous mass. Cilia. Hair cells. Vestibular nerve. Vestibular ganglion VESTIBULAR SYSTEM (Balance/Equilibrium) The vestibular stimulus is provided by Earth s, and. Located in the of the inner ear, in two components: 1. Vestibular sacs - gravity & head direction 2. Semicircular

More information

Music and Hearing in the Older Population: an Audiologist's Perspective

Music and Hearing in the Older Population: an Audiologist's Perspective Music and Hearing in the Older Population: an Audiologist's Perspective Dwight Ough, M.A., CCC-A Audiologist Charlotte County Hearing Health Care Centre Inc. St. Stephen, New Brunswick Anatomy and Physiology

More information

Chapter 18 Senses SENSORY RECEPTION 10/21/2011. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations

Chapter 18 Senses SENSORY RECEPTION 10/21/2011. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations SENSORY RECEPTION Chapter 18 Senses s convert stimulus energy to action potentials s 1. Are specialized cells, or 2. Specialized endings that detect stimuli All stimuli are forms of energy s in eyes detect

More information

PSY 214 Lecture 16 (11/09/2011) (Sound, auditory system & pitch perception) Dr. Achtman PSY 214

PSY 214 Lecture 16 (11/09/2011) (Sound, auditory system & pitch perception) Dr. Achtman PSY 214 PSY 214 Lecture 16 Topic: Sound, auditory system, & pitch perception Chapter 11, pages 268-288 Corrections: None needed Announcements: At the beginning of class, we went over some demos from the virtual

More information

Hearing. PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers. Module 14. Hearing. Hearing

Hearing. PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers. Module 14. Hearing. Hearing PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, 2007 1 Hearing Module 14 2 Hearing Hearing The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves The

More information

Sound Waves. Sound and Sensa3on. Chapter 9. Sound waves are composed of compression and rarefac3on of air molecules. Domain

Sound Waves. Sound and Sensa3on. Chapter 9. Sound waves are composed of compression and rarefac3on of air molecules. Domain Chapter 9 Majority of illustra3ons in this presenta3on are from Biological Psychology 4 th edi3on ( Sinuer Publica3ons) Sound Waves Sound waves are composed of compression and rarefac3on of air molecules.

More information

Processing of sounds in the inner ear

Processing of sounds in the inner ear Processing of sounds in the inner ear Sripriya Ramamoorthy Associate Professor, IIT Bombay WiSSAP 2018 Cochlea converts sound into electrical signals [Picture courtesy of Northwestern University] von Bekesy

More information

Hearing. Juan P Bello

Hearing. Juan P Bello Hearing Juan P Bello The human ear The human ear Outer Ear The human ear Middle Ear The human ear Inner Ear The cochlea (1) It separates sound into its various components If uncoiled it becomes a tapering

More information

Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear. Week 5. The peripheral auditory system: The ear as a signal processor

Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear. Week 5. The peripheral auditory system: The ear as a signal processor Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear Week 5 The peripheral auditory system: The ear as a signal processor Think of this set of organs 2 as a collection of systems, transforming sounds to be sent to

More information

Vision and Audition. This section concerns the anatomy of two important sensory systems, the visual and the auditory systems.

Vision and Audition. This section concerns the anatomy of two important sensory systems, the visual and the auditory systems. Vision and Audition Vision and Audition This section concerns the anatomy of two important sensory systems, the visual and the auditory systems. The description of the organization of each begins with

More information

Chapter 29 The Senses

Chapter 29 The Senses Chapter 29 The Senses PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko

More information

Presentation On SENSATION. Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur

Presentation On SENSATION. Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur Presentation On SENSATION Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur INTRODUCTION:- Sensation is a specialty area within Psychology that works at understanding how are senses work and how we perceive stimuli in the environment.

More information

THE COCHLEA AND AUDITORY PATHWAY

THE COCHLEA AND AUDITORY PATHWAY Dental Neuroanatomy Suzanne S. Stensaas, PhD February 23, 2012 Reading: Waxman, Chapter 16, Review pictures in a Histology book Computer Resources: http://www.cochlea.org/ - Promenade around the Cochlea

More information

Cochlear anatomy, function and pathology II. Professor Dave Furness Keele University

Cochlear anatomy, function and pathology II. Professor Dave Furness Keele University Cochlear anatomy, function and pathology II Professor Dave Furness Keele University d.n.furness@keele.ac.uk Aims and objectives of this lecture Focus (2) on the biophysics of the cochlea, the dual roles

More information

Auditory and vestibular system

Auditory and vestibular system Auditory and vestibular system Sensory organs on the inner ear inner ear: audition (exteroceptor) and vestibular apparatus (proprioceptor) bony and membranous labyrinths within the temporal bone (os temporale)

More information

The Ear. The ear can be divided into three major parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear.

The Ear. The ear can be divided into three major parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The Ear The ear can be divided into three major parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The Ear There are three components of the outer ear: Pinna: the fleshy outer part of the ear which

More information

SUBJECT: Physics TEACHER: Mr. S. Campbell DATE: 15/1/2017 GRADE: DURATION: 1 wk GENERAL TOPIC: The Physics Of Hearing

SUBJECT: Physics TEACHER: Mr. S. Campbell DATE: 15/1/2017 GRADE: DURATION: 1 wk GENERAL TOPIC: The Physics Of Hearing SUBJECT: Physics TEACHER: Mr. S. Campbell DATE: 15/1/2017 GRADE: 12-13 DURATION: 1 wk GENERAL TOPIC: The Physics Of Hearing The Physics Of Hearing On completion of this section, you should be able to:

More information

Acoustics Research Institute

Acoustics Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Acoustics Research Institute Modeling Modelingof ofauditory AuditoryPerception Perception Bernhard BernhardLaback Labackand andpiotr PiotrMajdak Majdak http://www.kfs.oeaw.ac.at

More information

Can You Hear Me Now?

Can You Hear Me Now? An Introduction to the Mathematics of Hearing Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington April 26, 2007 Some Questions How does hearing work? What are the important structures and mechanisms

More information

The Structure and Function of the Auditory Nerve

The Structure and Function of the Auditory Nerve The Structure and Function of the Auditory Nerve Brad May Structure and Function of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems (BME 580.626) September 21, 2010 1 Objectives Anatomy Basic response patterns Frequency

More information

Lecture 3: Perception

Lecture 3: Perception ELEN E4896 MUSIC SIGNAL PROCESSING Lecture 3: Perception 1. Ear Physiology 2. Auditory Psychophysics 3. Pitch Perception 4. Music Perception Dan Ellis Dept. Electrical Engineering, Columbia University

More information

Topic 4. Pitch & Frequency

Topic 4. Pitch & Frequency Topic 4 Pitch & Frequency A musical interlude KOMBU This solo by Kaigal-ool of Huun-Huur-Tu (accompanying himself on doshpuluur) demonstrates perfectly the characteristic sound of the Xorekteer voice An

More information

HEARING AND COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

HEARING AND COCHLEAR IMPLANTS HEARING AND COCHLEAR IMPLANTS FRANCIS CREIGHTON, MD NEUROTOLOGY & SKULL BASE SURGERY FELLOW JOHNS HOPKINS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NOV 9 TH, 2017 THANKS TO: CHARLIE DELLA SANTINA, HEIDI NAKAJIMA AND DOUG MATTOX

More information

EMANATIONS FROM RESIDUUM OSCILLATIONS IN HUMAN AUDITORY SYSTEM

EMANATIONS FROM RESIDUUM OSCILLATIONS IN HUMAN AUDITORY SYSTEM EMANATIONS FROM RESIDUUM OSCILLATIONS IN HUMAN AUDITORY SYSTEM V.S. Balaji, N.R.Raajan, S. Rakesh Kumar, Har Narayan Upadhyay School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA University Thanjavur,

More information

A&P 1. Ear, Hearing & Equilibrium Lab. Basic Concepts. These notes follow Carl s Talk at the beginning of lab

A&P 1. Ear, Hearing & Equilibrium Lab. Basic Concepts. These notes follow Carl s Talk at the beginning of lab A&P 1 Ear, Hearing & Equilibrium Lab Basic Concepts These notes follow Carl s Talk at the beginning of lab In this "Lab Exercise Guide", we will be looking at the basics of hearing and equilibrium. NOTE:

More information

THE EAR AND HEARING Be sure you have read and understand Chapter 16 before beginning this lab. INTRODUCTION: hair cells outer ear tympanic membrane

THE EAR AND HEARING Be sure you have read and understand Chapter 16 before beginning this lab. INTRODUCTION: hair cells outer ear tympanic membrane BIOLOGY 211: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ****************************************************************************************************** THE EAR AND HEARING ******************************************************************************************************

More information

Converting Sound Waves into Neural Signals, Part 1. What happens to initiate neural signals for sound?

Converting Sound Waves into Neural Signals, Part 1. What happens to initiate neural signals for sound? The Ear Outer Ear: Pinna. Collects sounds. Middle Ear: Chamber between eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea

More information

SMELL 2

SMELL 2 SENSORY SYSTEMS 1 SMELL 2 TASTE 3 HEARING 4 TOUCH EQUILIBRIUM 5 PAIN 6 OTHER SENSES 7 HOW DO SENSORY CELLS CONVERT STIMULI INTO ACTION POTENTIALS? HOW DO SENSORY SYSTEMS DETECT CHEMICAL STIMULI? HOW DO

More information

is the clear, transparent part at the front of the eye. It allows light to enter the eye and it also refracts (focuses) the light onto the retina.

is the clear, transparent part at the front of the eye. It allows light to enter the eye and it also refracts (focuses) the light onto the retina. Senses- Vision Light is a small part (1/70th) of the total electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. The EM band extends from radio waves at one extreme to x-rays at the other. The eye detects light and converts

More information

Chapter Fourteen. The Hearing Mechanism. 1. Introduction.

Chapter Fourteen. The Hearing Mechanism. 1. Introduction. Chapter Fourteen The Hearing Mechanism 1. Introduction. 2. Hearing. 3. The Ear. 4. The External Ear. 5. The Inner Ear. 6. Frequency Discrimination. 7. The Organ of Corti. 8. Tests and Exrecises. 9. References.

More information

Chapter 18. The Senses SENSORY RECEPTION. Introduction: Superhuman Senses. Introduction: Superhuman Senses

Chapter 18. The Senses SENSORY RECEPTION. Introduction: Superhuman Senses. Introduction: Superhuman Senses Introduction: Superhuman Senses Chapter 18 The Senses! Three senses found in some animals but not humans Echolocation locating objects by detecting echoes of emitted sound waves Electroreception ability

More information

Sensory Processes Sensory Systems

Sensory Processes Sensory Systems 9 th Lecture (9b) Wed 04 Feb 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Sensory Processing Chapter 13 1 Sensory Processes Sensory Systems

More information

Sensory Processes Sensory Systems

Sensory Processes Sensory Systems 9 th Lecture (9b) Wed 04 Feb 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Sensory Processes Sensory Systems Ch13 in your text Sensory Processing

More information

Bioscience in the 21st century

Bioscience in the 21st century Bioscience in the 21st century Lecture 2: Innovations and Challenges Dr. Michael Burger Outline: Review of last lecture Organization of the nervous system (in brief) The mapping concept Bionic implants

More information

Sensory Physiology. Sensory Range Varies. Introduction to the Special Senses. How do we sense the world around us?

Sensory Physiology. Sensory Range Varies. Introduction to the Special Senses. How do we sense the world around us? Sensory Physiology How do we sense the world around us? We do not see things as they are; we see things as we are. --Anais Nin Anais Nin, French author 1903-1977 Sensory Range Varies Introduction to the

More information

What you re in for. Who are cochlear implants for? The bottom line. Speech processing schemes for

What you re in for. Who are cochlear implants for? The bottom line. Speech processing schemes for What you re in for Speech processing schemes for cochlear implants Stuart Rosen Professor of Speech and Hearing Science Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences Division of Psychology & Language Sciences

More information

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms Chapter 50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

Speech Generation and Perception

Speech Generation and Perception Speech Generation and Perception 1 Speech Generation and Perception : The study of the anatomy of the organs of speech is required as a background for articulatory and acoustic phonetics. An understanding

More information

Work Design and Industrial Ergonomics - Ear and Noise

Work Design and Industrial Ergonomics - Ear and Noise Department of Industrial Engineering Work Design and Industrial Ergonomics - Ear and Noise Learning outcomes After finishing this chapter, You should be able to Define the sound (physically) and how it

More information

Binaural Hearing for Robots Introduction to Robot Hearing

Binaural Hearing for Robots Introduction to Robot Hearing Binaural Hearing for Robots Introduction to Robot Hearing 1Radu Horaud Binaural Hearing for Robots 1. Introduction to Robot Hearing 2. Methodological Foundations 3. Sound-Source Localization 4. Machine

More information

Lectures on Medical Biophysics Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University in Brno

Lectures on Medical Biophysics Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University in Brno Lectures on Medical Biophysics Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University in Brno Introduction to biophysics of receptors Biophysics of hearing and vestibular sense 1 Lecture outline

More information

Learning Targets. Module 20. Hearing Explain how the ear transforms sound energy into neural messages.

Learning Targets. Module 20. Hearing Explain how the ear transforms sound energy into neural messages. Learning Targets Module 20 Hearing 20-1 Describe the characteristics of air pressure waves that we hear as sound. 20-2 Explain how the ear transforms sound energy into neural messages. 20-3 Discuss how

More information