Supplementary Note 1: Anesthesia Record ANESTHESIA RECORD

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1 Supplementary Note 1: Anesthesia Record ANESTHESIA RECORD Date weight kg Sedation: 1.0 mg/kg Acepromazine (10mg/ml) Protocol # mg/kg Ketamine(100mg/ml) time Pre-op analgesic: 0.02 mg/kg Buprenex (0.3mg/ml) SQ time Patient Number Induction: Isoflurane/O2 mask to intubate **2 swabs each buccal and teeth Investigator Maintenance: Isoflurane/O2 Dept: Post-op analgesic: Anesthetist min before end of surgery 0.5 mg/kg Meloxicam (5 mg/ml) SQ time Local Block: 1 ml/kg Marcaine 0.25% time 0.02 mg/kg Buprenex (0.3 mg/ml) SQ (6-7 hours after pre-op dose) Fluids: LR Drip rate 10ml/kg/hr. qtt./15 sec. 5ml/kg/hr. qtt./15 sec Surgical Procedure: midline incision inferior surface of mandible, expose alveolar bone overlying premolars, create 10 mm defect, inoculate with Prevotella melaninogenica, fill defect with PMMA implant, secure titanium plate over mandibular defect, and close. Time HR RR/SPO2 Temp CO2 ISO % O2 Comments

2 Supplementary Note 2: Postoperative Monitoring Form Rabbit Postoperative Monitoring Form Procedure Date: Investigator: Procedure: Protocol: Animal ID: Weight: Date incision healed and monitoring complete: PM Treatments Day of Surgery Treatment (mg/kg) Amt (ml) Rte Tim e Buprenorphine SQ (0.02) Animal Assessment Postoperative treatments Treatment (mg/kg) Amt (ml) Rte Freq Treatment (mg/kg) Meloxicam (0.5 ) SQ SID Date: Initials: Amt (ml) Rt e Fre q Treatment (mg/kg) Amt (ml) Rte Freq Treatment (mg/kg) Buprenorphine SQ BID (0.02) Date: Initials: Amt (ml) Rt e Fre q Treatment (mg/kg) Amt (ml) Rte Freq Extended tx/ special instructions Critical care and yogurt 10 PO SID add 1tbsp plain yogurt to crit care until eating well Date: Initials: Special monitoring instructions: Postoperative Assessments monitor for appetite, feces, urine, and swelling at incision site Date Attitude Incision Appetite F/U Comments (comfort level, body temp, etc.)

3 Supplementary Note 2: Postoperative Monitoring Form Abbreviations: BAR-bright, alert, responsive QAR-quiet, alert, responsive c/d/i-clean, dry, intact n -normal Postoperative Assessments Continued Date Attitude Incision Appetite F/U Comments (comfort level, body temp, etc.)

4 Supplementary Note 2: Postoperative Monitoring Form Abbreviations: BAR-bright, alert, responsive QAR-quiet, alert, responsive c/d/i-clean, dry, intact n -normal

5 Supplementary Note 3: Postoperative Recovery Form Post-operative/Recovery Record Date Patient Number Investigator: Reflexes: = absent --+ = slight + = normal ++ = exaggerated Sedation level: 4 eyes closed, non-responsive to touch or voice, unconscious 3 eyes open when touched, goes back to sleep 2 awake in response to touch or voice, not active 1 alert, responsive to touch or approach, normal posture Time HR RR/ SPO2 Temp Palpebral Reflex Pedal Reflex Jaw tone Sedation level Recumbency Observations include discriptions of: respiration rate, pattern, & sounds, comfort level, etc. Support: IV fluid and medication administration, body temperature, support method, etc.

6 Supplementary Note 4: Rabbit Surgical Record Study: Rabbit Mandibular Defect Animal #: Study Code: Surgery Surgery Date: Weight: kg Personnel: Primary Surgeon: Assisting Surgeon: Prep/Assistant: Veterinary Technician: Time start: Time end: Inoculation: Yes/No Scaffold #: Op Note: Post Op Notes: Date: 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 60 h 72 h 84 h Day 5 Day 6 Notes:

7 Supplementary Note 4: Rabbit Surgical Record Day 7 Date: Notes:

8 Supplementary Tables Table S1. Scoring guide for evaluation of bony bridging by microcomputed tomography. Adapted from Ref. 50 with permission. Description Score Bony bridging over the longest axis of the defect 4 Partial bridging along the borders of the defect 3 Islands of bone, no bridging across the defect 2 Minimal spicules along the border of the defect 1 No bone growth within defect 0

9 Table S2. Scoring guide for evaluation of tissue response at the host-implant interface and within the pores of a tissue engineering construct. Adapted from Ref. 50 with permission. Hard tissue response at the implant-bone interface Score Direct bone-to-implant contact without soft interlayer 4 Remodeling lacuna with osteoblasts and/or osteoclasts at surface 3 Majority of implant is surrounded by fibrous tissue capsule 2 Unorganized fibrous tissue (majority of tissue is not arranged as capsule) Inflammation marked by an abundance of inflammatory cells and poorly organized tissue 1 0 Hard tissue response within the pores of the scaffold Tissue in pores is mostly bone 4 Tissue in pores consists of some bone within mature, dense fibrous tissue and/or a few inflammatory response elements Tissue in pores is mostly immature fibrous tissue (with or without bone) with blood vessels and young fibroblasts invading the space with few macrophages present Tissue in pores consists mostly of inflammatory cells and connective tissue components in between (with or without bone) or the majority of the pores are empty or filled with fluid Tissue in pores is dense and exclusively of inflammatory type (no bone present)

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