The Tissue Level of Organization
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1 The Tissue Level of Organization Study of this lecture is to be accomplished in conjunction with the Histology Module on the Web!! 1. Introduction Cell Tissue Histology A. General Tissue Types i. Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscular Tissue Nervous Tissue 2. Epithelial Tissue A. Epithelial Types i. Covering or Lining Epithelium Glandular Epithelium B. Structure i. Matrix Cell Junctions a. Tight junctions b. Desmosomes c. Gap Junctions Page 1
2 Intercellular Communication i iv. Stem Cells Avascular v. Basement Membrane a. Basal Lamina b. Reticular Lamina vi. Orientation a. Apical b. Basal C. Covering or lining Epithelium i. Simple Epithelium a. Simple Squamous Epithelium (Study images on web carefully) Endothelium Mesothelium b. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (Study images on web carefully) s b. Simple Columnar Epithelium (Study images on web carefully) s Page 2
3 Stratified Epithelium a. Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Study images on web carefully) Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium! Keratin * Functions * Location Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium * Functions * Location b. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium (Study images on web carefully) s c. Stratified Columnar Epithelium (Study images on web carefully) d. Transitional Epithelium (Study images on web carefully) s Location Page 3
4 e. Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium s 3. Connective Tissue Embryonic Connective Tissue i. Mesenchyme Mucous Connective Tissue A. Adult Connective Tissue (Study images on web carefully) i. Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue (Study images on web carefully) Page 4
5 a. Matrix b. Fiber Components Collagenous Fibers * Fibril Elastic Fibers Reticular Fibers * Reticulum c. Cellular Component Fibroblasts Macrophages Plasma Cells Mast Cells d. Functions Adipose Tissue (Study images on web carefully) a. Adipocytes Inclusion Body of Lipid b. Location / Function Relationships Page 5
6 i Dense (Collagenous) Connective Tissue (Study images on web carefully) a. Regular Dense Connective Tissue * Tendons * Ligaments * Aponeuroses b. Irregular Dense Connective Tissue Location iv. Elastic Connective Tissue a. Function Elastic Laminae (Arteries) b. Locations v. Reticular Connective Tissue * Reticulum a. Function b. Locations B. Cartilage i. General Characteristics of all Cartilages Page 6
7 a. Chondrocytes b. Lacunae c. Perichondrium d. Avascular Types a. Hyaline Cartilage (Study images on web carefully) Characteristics and Functions * Costal Cartilage * Articular Cartilage b. Elastic Cartilage (Study images on web carefully) c. Fibrocartilage (Study images on web carefully) i Growth of Cartilage (Study images on web carefully) 4. Glandular Epithelium A. Exocrine Glands a. Interstitial Growth b. Appositional Growth Page 7
8 i. Morphology a. Unicellular glands b. Multicellular Glands * Tubular Gland * Alveolar (Acinar) Gland * Tubuloacinar gland * Simple Gland * Compound Gland Functional Types B. Endocrine Glands Holocrine Glands * Examples Merocrine (Eccrine) Glands * Example Apocrine glands * Example 5. Membranes - (Pull out your handout on Membranes), you may also want to pull out the handout on Body Cavities from the first lecture. A. Serous Membranes (Serosa) i. Epithelia = Mesothelium i iv. Visceral Portion Parietal Portion Serous Fluid Page 8
9 v. Examples a. Visceral and Parietal Pericardium b. Visceral and Parietal Pleura c. Visceral and Parietal Peritoneum B. Mucous Membrane i. Mucosae a. Epithelia b. Lamina Propria Loose Areolar Connective Tissue Irregular Dense Connective Tissue c. Muscuaris Mucosa Submucosae Irregular Dense Connective Tissue i Capsule Irregular Dense Connective Tissue a. Serosa Mesothlia b. Adventisha Page 9
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