Intraoperative measurement of maxillary repositioning in a series of 30 patients with maxillomandibular vertical asymmetries
|
|
- Matthew Wade
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Giancarlo Renzi, MD Andrea Carboni, MD Maurizio Perugini, MD Fellow Maxilllofacial Surgery Department University La Sapienza Rome, Italy Roberto Becelli, PhD, MDS Professor Maxillofacial Surgery Teaching University La Sapienza Rome, Italy Reprint requests: Dr Giancarlo Renzi Via Raffaele Stern 4 Pal III - Scala A CAP Roma, Italy renzi.g@libero.it Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg Vol. 17, No. 2, 2002 Intraoperative measurement of maxillary repositioning in a series of 30 patients with maxillomandibular vertical asymmetries Vertical asymmetry of the maxilla can determine the inclination of the occlusal plane and result in a lack of internal reference points usually employed to measure surgical movements. Maxillary repositioning is therefore based upon surgical planning, which is commonly elaborated on dental casts and model surgery. The absolute precision of surgical planning is not guaranteed by dental casts and model surgery, and the intraoperative assessment of maxillary repositioning is considered to be of paramount importance in such cases. This article describes a simple, noninvasive intraoperative technique that is useful in measuring the vertical dimension of the maxilla and helps to indicate precise repositioning. It illustrates the technique and reports the results obtained in a series of 30 patients treated surgically for maxillomandibular malformations with vertical asymmetries and occlusal plane inclination from January to December 2000 at the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of La Sapienza University in Rome, Italy. (Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg 2002;17: ) Unilateral vertical hypoplasias and/or hyperplasias of the middle and lower third of the face can result in severe facial esthetic asymmetry and functional problems due to mandibular deviation and inclination of the occlusal plane. Surgical treatment of vertical facial asymmetry requires a surgical repositioning of both jaws that is based on an accurate surgical plan. The occlusal plane and locations of bony landmarks in the maxilla are commonly used to assess the vertical repositioning of the maxilla during orthognathic surgery. In the case of vertical asymmetry of the maxilla, the occlusal plane is shifted, and it can be difficult to determine the placement of bony landmarks because of maxillary hypoplasia. Therefore, in asymmetric patients the treatment plan is based upon a facebow and cast models with an adequate impression of both jaws According to several authors, absolute precision cannot be guaranteed when model surgery is performed and a facebow is employed. 6,7 As previously reported, 8 14 an intraoperative measurement of the maxillary vertical dimensions is required in such cases to clearly assess whether the repositioning is in fact symmetric. The aims of this paper are to describe a simple, noninvasive intraoperative technique that is useful to measure and to compare the vertical dimension of the maxilla and to report the results reached following the application of this method in a series of 30 patients treated surgically for maxillomandibular malformations with vertical asymmetries and occlusal plane inclination from January 2000 to December 2000 at the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the La Sapienza University of Rome.
2 112 Renzi et al Materials and methods A series of 30 patients affected by maxillomandibular malformations with a unilateral vertical deficit of the maxilla, together with occlusal plane inclination, underwent orthognathic surgery between January 2000 and December The patient group was composed of 11 males and 19 females, with ages ranging from a minimum of 20 to a maximum of 33 (mean age 25.7 years). To assess clinically the 3-dimensional functional and esthetic alterations of each patient and to plan the most suitable presurgical orthodontic treatment, all 30 patients were examined presurgically and underwent cephalometric radiography. Dentoskeletal Class III, with vertical asymmetry of both jaws, was diagnosed in all 30 patients. Presurgical orthodontic therapy resulted in adequate dental alignment and was based on the examination of cast models and on the 3-dimensional clinical assessment of the occlusion. At the end of the orthodontic therapy, a second set of cephalometric radiographs was obtained for each patient, and a new esthetic clinical 3-dimensional assessment was performed. The surgical planning was based upon the integration of the esthetic treatment plan, based on the ultimate 3-dimensional clinical assessment of soft tissues, together with the skeletal treatment plan, obtained by cephalometric measurements, and on the study of recent cast models with the facebow. In all cases, the surgical repositioning of the vertical dimension of the maxilla was planned through the study of cast models with the facebow to achieve complete symmetry. Maxillary vertical dimensions were measured bilaterally on cast models by means of a caliper from the vestibular cuspids of teeth and the articulator base, corresponding to Frankfort horizontal. All patients underwent surgical treatment consisting of bimaxillary repositioning by means of a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy BSSO and Le Fort I osteotomy. A new, simple, noninvasive technique was employed intraoperatively to measure the anterior and posterior vertical heights of the maxilla jaw bilaterally. For each patient, 4 measurements were collected, ie, 120 measurements in the entire patient sample. The indications for surgical repositioning planned with dental casts and the facebow were compared with the indications obtained from direct intraoperative assessments in each patient. Through a vestibular incision, subperiosteal detachment was carried out to clearly expose infraorbital nerve. Subsequently, the actual vertical dimensions of the maxilla were measured by means of a caliper positioned between infraorbital nerve (ION) at the right side and the neck of the maxillary canine and Fig 1 (left) Intraoperative measurement of the anterior vertical dimension of the right maxilla between ION and the neck of the maxillary canine. Fig 2 (right) Intraoperative measurement of the posterior vertical dimension of the right maxilla between ION and the neck of the first molar.
3 Fig 3 (left) Intraoperative measurement of the anterior vertical dimension of the left maxilla between ION and the neck of the maxillary canine. Fig 4 (right) Intraoperative measurement of the posterior vertical dimension of the left maxilla between ION and the neck of the first molar. the maxillary first molar on the right side (Figs 1 and 2). The aforementioned measurements were repeated with the same technique on the left side (Figs 3 and 4). The measurements obtained on the 2 sides were compared with the values obtained from cast models in each patient to ensure perfect vertical maxillary symmetry and to detect imperfections in the surgical planning. Eventually, indications from treatment planning were corrected by indications from intraoperative measurements. Subsequently, following Le Fort I osteotomy, the maxilla was precisely repositioned in 3 dimensions. Fixation was accomplished by means of 1 osteosynthesis wire and 1 suspension wire positioned posteriorly on each side of the maxilla, and an L-shaped titanium plate fixed with four 5-mm titanium screws was positioned anteriorly on each side of the maxilla. After BSSO was carried out, the mandible was repositioned correctly with the maxilla, and a Class I occlusion, slightly overcorrected (ie, tending to Class II malocclusion), was obtained in all 30 patients. Fixation of the mandible was carried out by 3 bicortical screws positioned at each mandibular angle. All 30 patients underwent postsurgical follow-up consisting of clinical evaluations and radiographic examinations 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg Vol. 17, No. 2, Results In 102 out of 120 intraoperative measurements, corresponding to 51 sides out of the total 60 sides and to 26 of the 30 patients, a perfect correspondence between presurgical planning, based on cast models, and intraoperative findings was observed. In the remaining 18 anterior and posterior maxillary vertical measurements, a slight discrepancy of 2 mm was noticed from the analysis of the corresponding model casts. In 4 patients the discrepancy involved both anterior and posterior maxillary vertical dimensions on each side, and in 1 patient this involved anterior and posterior maxillary vertical dimensions on 1 side only. Postsurgical study of model casts in the aforementioned 18 cases revealed asymmetric teeth extrusions and/or intrusions and asymmetric vestibular or lingual shifts resulting from the orthodontic treatment. Such dental asymmetries, although very modest, have caused important errors in the surgical planning obtained from measurements of model casts. In 26 patients of our series, the intraoperative assessments of the maxillary vertical dimensions were carried out by measuring the distance between the inferior margin of the ION and the neck of the maxillary canine and first molar. In the remaining 4 patients, asymmetric retraction of the gingival neck at the maxillary canine and first molar region was detected, and
4 114 Renzi et al an alternative landmark was required for measuring the proper maxillary vertical symmetry. The maxillary vertical height was assessed on both sides of the 4 aforementioned patients by measuring the distance between ION and the cementoenamel junction of the maxillary canine and first molar, which was a valid alternative reference. The clinical assessments and radiologic examinations carried out in the 30 patients at follow-up revealed optimum esthetic and functional results, and perfect symmetry was observed in all the 60 sides. No postsurgical temporomandibular joint problems were encountered in 12 months of follow-up, and no complications were encountered. Discussion and conclusions Facial asymmetries of the vertical dimension may be caused by several congenital malformations, such as hemifacial microsomia, Franceschetti syndrome, and Goldenhar syndrome, or by alterations in bone development as noticed in unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis, hypercondilia, and hemimandibular elongation. They can be observed in dentoskeletal Class II or III patients with a vertical asymmetric component as well. 1,3,5,15 18 The treatment of these pathologies is based on an orthopedic-functional approach in growing patients, while surgical therapy is reserved for adult patients. 1,3,16 Corrective surgical treatment of the aforementioned malformative pathologies consists of the repositioning of the maxilla and mandible. As reported in the literature, the 3-dimensional position of the maxilla represents a reference guide to obtain both adequate mandibular surgical repositioning and correct dental occlusion. 1,2,5,7 Therefore, asymmetries resulting from imprecise surgical repositioning of the maxilla will involve both jaws and will result in esthetic and functional problems. To obtain a functionally correct and esthetically acceptable restoration, careful planning of the exact maxillary movement must be performed. Facial vertical asymmetries are characterized by the absence of reliable internal reference points (IRPs) and by the inclination of the occlusal plane. This makes it impossible to easily reestablish the correct vertical dimensions by means of a simple symmetric upward repositioning of the maxilla. A careful evaluation of the surgical movements at each side of the maxilla is always required to obtain a successful treatment of facial asymmetries. According to several authors, 6,7 model surgery and surgical planning based upon cast models may lead to errors in the vertical maxillary repositioning. As reported by several authors over the past few years, 8 14 it could be wiser to measure intraoperatively the precision and the symmetry reached in the maxillary repositioning to clearly assess the vertical restoration. In our experience, errors from surgical planning with model casts were observed in 18 measurements, corresponding to 9 of the 60 sides and to 5 of the 30 patients in our series. Asymmetric teeth extrusions and/or intrusions and asymmetric shifts in a vestibular or lingual direction can result from orthodontic treatment and may cause imprecision in model cast measurements and consequently in surgical planning. In our experience,in accordance with previous reports, 8 14 vertical repositioning of the maxilla must be assessed intraoperatively to ensure the absolute precision of the surgical restoration and the right degree of surgical correction. During surgical treatment, the maxillary vertical dimension and the subsequent measurement of the skeletal repositioning are usually determined by making use of reference points traced astride the Le Fort I osteotomy line (IRPs). The results of the studies presented by Polido et al, 8 Stanchina et al, 9 and Van Sickels et al 10 have revealed a high degree of imprecision in maxillary surgical repositioning measured on the basis of IRPs, with significant differences appearing in the vertical dimension between the planned skeletal movements and those actually accomplished.the exact determination of the maxillary vertical movement was the topic of a series of surveys by Speculand and Jackson in 1983, 12 Ellis and Gallo in 1984, 13 Johnson in 1985, 7 Van Sickels et al in 1986, 10 and Kanhberg et al in The aforementioned methods
5 took into account the measurement of the distance between the incisive edge and an external reference point, represented by glabella or soft tissue nasion and, therefore, they were unable to reveal discrepancies between the 2 sides of the maxilla. The methodology proposed by Manna and Berger in consisted of measuring intraoperatively the distance between the archwire and 2 microscrews positioned at the edges of each piriform rim area. The technique is able to measure bilaterally the maxillary dimensions and therefore allows comparison of the vertical heights also in case of occlusal plane oscillation, but it does not allow comparison of the anterior and posterior heights of the maxilla. The methodology presented in this study allowed us to determine exactly the degree of maxillary asymmetry by comparison of the height of the maxilla between 2 fixed reference points the inferior margins of the infraorbital nerve and the dental neck of the maxillary canines and first molars. The alveolar margin just below the adherent gingiva, which corresponds to the cementoenamel junction of the maxillary canines and first molars, was employed on 8 sides in 4 patients because of asymmetric retraction of the dental neck due to periodontal disease. This technique proved to be easy to perform, not invasive, and very reliable in patients with maxillomandibular asymmetries. In patients with craniomaxillofacial malformations, the possible involvement of the malar bone may lead to asymmetry of the inferior margin of the infraorbital nerve between the 2 sides; therefore, the technique cannot guarantee a stable and reliable reference point in such cases. The technique described in this paper permits careful evaluation of the vertical dimensions of the maxilla during surgical treatment and, therefore, allows the surgeons to eventually correct the planning from model surgery. In our experience this technique supported the optimal surgical correction of the middle and lower third of patients with facial vertical asymmetry and proved to be simple and noninvasive. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg Vol. 17, No. 2, References 1. Iannetti G. Chirurgia maxillo-facciale. Rome: CISU- Ed Universitaria, Burstone CJ, James RB, Legan H, Murphy GA, Norton LA. Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg 1978;36: Kahnberg KE. Correction of maxillofacial asymmetry using orthognathic surgical methods. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1997;25: Kahnberg KE, Sunzel B, Astrand P. Planning and control of vertical dimension in Le Fort I osteotomies. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1990;18: Iannetti G, Cascone P, Cordaro L. L utilizzo di uno splint intermedio nella correzione chirurgica delle asimmetrie facciali. Mondo Ortodontico 1989;14: Arnett GW, Kreashko RG, Jelic JS. Correcting vertically altered faces: Orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg 1998;13(4): Johnson DG. Intraoperative measurement of maxillary repositioning: An ancillary technique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985;60: Polido WD, Ellis E III, Sinn DP. An assessment for the predictability of maxillary repositioning. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;20: Stanchina R, Ellis E III, Gallo WJ, Fonseca RJ. A comparison of two measures for repositioning the maxilla during orthognathic surgery. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg 1988;3: Van Sickels JE, Larsen AJ, Triplett RG. Predictability of maxillary surgery: A comparison of internal and external reference marks. Oral Surg 1986; 61: Wylie GA, Epker BN, Mossop JS. A technique to improve the accuracy of total maxillary surgery. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg 1988;3: Speculand B, Jackson M. A halo-caliper guidance system for bimaxillary (dual arch) orthognathic surgery. J Maxillofac Surg 1983;11: Ellis E III, Gallo WJ. A method to accurately predict the position of the maxillary incisor in two-jaw surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1984;42: Manna L, Berger JR. Technique for vertical positioning of the maxilla after Le Fort osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;54: Silvestri A, Natali G, Iannetti G. Functional therapy in hemifacial microsomia: Therapeutic protocol for growing children. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;54: Lineaweaver W, Vargervik K, Tomer BS, Ousterhoit DK. Posttraumatic condylar hyperplasia. Ann Plast Surg 1987;14: Feldman G, Linder-Aronson S, Rindler A, Soderstrom U. Orthodontic and surgical treatment of unilateral condylar hyperplasia during growth-a case report. Eur J Orthod 1991;13: Hyckel P, Erler U, Muller P. Die unilaterale Hyperplasie des Kiefergelenkopfer. Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 1991;15:42 50.
Midline Mandibular Osteotomy in an Asymmetric Patient
Case Report Midline Mandibular Osteotomy in an Asymmetric Patient M. L. Anghinoni a ; A. S. Magri b ; A. Di Blasio c ; L. Toma d ; E. Sesenna e ABSTRACT This case report shows the possibility of the application
More informationCase Report. Orthognathic Correction of Class II Open Bite. Using the Piezoelectric System and MatrixORTHOGNATHIC Plating System.
Case Report Orthognathic Correction of Class II Open Bite. Using the Piezoelectric System and MatrixORTHOGNATHIC Plating System. Orthognathic Correction of Class II Open Bite. Using the Piezoelectric System
More informationA lingual orthodontic case with 3M Incognito Appliance System combined with orthognathic surgery.
SM 3M Health Care Academy A lingual orthodontic case with 3M Incognito Appliance System combined with orthognathic surgery. Dr. B. Iglesias-Sánchez Dr. F. Hernandez-Alfaro Dr. J.C. Pérez-Varela DDS, MS.
More informationSURGICAL - ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF CLASS II DIVISION 1 MALOCCLUSION IN AN ADULT PATIENT: A CASE REPORT
Case Report International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences Volume 02, Issue 02 SURGICAL - ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF CLASS II DIVISION 1 MALOCCLUSION IN AN ADULT PATIENT: A CASE REPORT Amit Dahiya 1,Minakshi
More informationOrtho-surgical Management of Severe Vertical Dysplasia: A Case Report
Case Report Ortho-surgical Management of Severe Vertical Dysplasia: A Case Report 1 Vinni Arora, 2 Rekha Sharma, 3 Sachin Parashar 1 Senior Resident, 2 Professor and Head of Department, 3 Former Resident
More informationSurgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) prior to combined Le Fort I and sagittal osteotomies: A case report
200 Carlos Alberto E. Tavares, DDS, MS, DOrth Professor Department of Orthodontics Associação Brasileira de Odontologia - RS Porto Alegre, Brazil Miguel Scheffer, DDS, MS Chairman Department of Oral and
More informationOrthognathic treatment of facial asymmetry due to temporomandibular joint ankylosis
Orthognathic treatment of facial asymmetry due to temporomandibular joint ankylosis Ayse Gulsen 1, Serhat Sibar 2, Selahattin Ozmen 3 1 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Gazi
More informationSurgical Accuracy of Maxillary Repositioning According to Type of Surgical Movement in Two-Jaw Surgery
Original Article Surgical Accuracy of Maxillary Repositioning According to Type of Surgical Movement in Two-Jaw Surgery Jin-Young Choi a ; Jae-Pyong Choi b ; Seung-Hak Baek c ABSTRACT Objective: To compare
More informationFor over 30 years, orthognathic surgery has
ORIGINAL ARTICLE The predictability of maxillary repositioning in LeFort I orthognathic surgery Ron Jacobson, DDS, MS, a and David M. Sarver, DMD, MS b Chicago, Ill, and Birmingham, Ala Our ability to
More informationAssessment of Relapse Following Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy Mandibular Setback and Short-term Immobilization
Assessment of Relapse Following Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy Mandibular Setback and Short-term Immobilization Koroush Taheri Talesh, DDS, a Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi, DDS, b Mahdi Sazavar,
More informationPost-operative stability of the maxilla treated with Le Fort I and horseshoe osteotomies in bimaxillary surgery
European Journal of Orthodontics 24 (2002) 471 476 2002 European Orthodontic Society Post-operative stability of the maxilla treated with Le Fort I and horseshoe osteotomies in bimaxillary surgery Kiyoshi
More informationThe America Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons classify occlusion/malocclusion in to the following three categories:
Subject: Orthognathic Surgery Policy Effective Date: 04/2016 Revision Date: 07/2018 DESCRIPTION Orthognathic surgery is an open surgical procedure that corrects anomalies or malformations of the lower
More informationSURGICAL MODEL ACCURACY DEVICE. 25 years - manufacturing and distribution - around the globe research - design - manufacturing - distribution
SURGICAL MODEL ACCURACY DEVICE 25 years - manufacturing and distribution - around the globe research - design - manufacturing - distribution 2 SMAD - SURGICAL MODEL ACCURACY DEVICE SMAD has be designed
More informationCorrection of Dentofacial Deformities (Orthognathic Surgery)
Correction of Dentofacial Deformities (Orthognathic Surgery) BDS, MSc, German board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ( Berlin-Germany), Doctoral degree by LBMS Definition Orthognathic surgery is a combination
More informationSample Case #1. Disclaimer
ABO Sample Cases Disclaimer Sample Case #1 The following sample questions and answers were composed and vetted by a panel of experts in orthodontics and are intended to provide an example of the types
More informationSurgical Orthodontic Treatment Of Skeletal Class Iii Facial Asymmetry
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Bioengineering Volume 5 Number 1 Surgical Orthodontic Treatment Of Skeletal Class Iii Facial Asymmetry S Yadav, V Dhupar, F Akkara Citation S Yadav, V Dhupar, F Akkara.
More informationSoft and Hard Tissue Changes after Bimaxillary Surgery in Chinese Class III Patients
Original Article Soft and Hard Tissue Changes after Bimaxillary Surgery in Chinese Class III Patients Ming Tak Chew a Abstract: Cephalometric studies have shown that the Chinese race tends to have a greater
More informationFacial planning for orthodontists and oral surgeons
ADVANCES IN ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL SURGERY Facial planning for orthodontists and oral surgeons G. William Arnett, DDS, FACD, a and Michael J. Gunson, DDS, MD b Santa Barbara, Calif The bite indicates
More informationOrthodontic and Orthognathic Surgical Correction of a Skeletal Class III Malocclusion
Dental Medicine Research 30 2) 161 166, 2010 161 Case Report Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgical Correction of a Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Tetsutaro Yamaguchi, Yoko Tomoyasu, Tatsuo Shirota*, Masashi
More informationMixed-reality simulation for orthognathic surgery
Fushima and Kobayashi Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (2016) 38:13 DOI 10.1186/s40902-016-0059-z METHODOLOGY Mixed-reality simulation for orthognathic surgery Kenji Fushima 1* and Masaru
More informationOF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS
EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS CANDIDATE NUMBER: KDr. KP. kanarelis CASE NUMBER: 1 Year: 2010 WBLO 01 RESUME OF CASE 1 CASE CATEGORY: ADULT MALOCCLUSION NAME : IOANNIS.G BORN: 03.01.1989 SEX:
More informationOrthodontics-surgical combination therapy for Class III skeletal malocclusion
[Downloaded free from http://www.contempclindent.org on Tuesday, July 16, 2013, IP: 164.100.31.82] Click here to download free Android application for this jou Orthodontics-surgical combination therapy
More informationORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY
Status Active Medical and Behavioral Health Policy Section: Surgery Policy Number: IV-16 Effective Date: 10/22/2014 Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota medical policies do not imply that members should
More informationCephalometric Analysis
Cephalometric Analysis of Maxillary and Mandibular Growth and Dento-Alveolar Change Part III In two previous articles in the PCSO Bulletin s Faculty Files, we discussed the benefits and limitations of
More informationMAHP Orthognathic Surgery Guidelines. Medical Policy Statement. Criteria
Introduction The word orthognathic comes from the Greek words for straighten and jaw. Orthognathic surgery is the surgical correction of abnormalities of the mandible and/or maxilla. 1 It involves the
More informationUnilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy based on preoperative three-dimensional simulation surgery in a patient with facial asymmetry
CASE REPORT http://dx.doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.1.32 pissn 2234-7550 eissn 2234-5930 Unilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy based on preoperative three-dimensional simulation surgery in a patient
More informationPREDICTING LOWER LIP AND CHIN RESPONSE TO MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT WITH GENIOPLASTY A CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY
PREDICTING LOWER LIP AND CHIN RESPONSE TO MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT WITH GENIOPLASTY A CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY Dr. Deepthi T. Amanna Authors : Dr. Deepthi T. Amanna Assistant Professor Dr. E.T. Roy Professor
More informationORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY
ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY MEDICAL POLICY Effective Date: February 1, 2017 Review Dates: 1/93, 7/95, 10/97, 4/99, 10/00, 8/01, 12/01, 4/02, 2/03, 1/04, 1/05, 12/05, 12/06, 12/07, 12/08, 12/09, 12/10, 12/11,
More informationVariations in the anatomical dimensions of the mandibular ramus and the presence of third molars: its effect on the sagittal split ramus osteotomy
1 Variations in the anatomical dimensions of the mandibular ramus and the presence of third molars: its effect on the sagittal split ramus osteotomy J. Beukes 1,, J. P. Reyneke 1,2,3,4, P. J. Becker 5,6
More informationAESTHETIC ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY
c0435 ESTHETIC ORTHOGNTHIC SURGERY Stephen. aker, MD, DDS, and Harvey Rosen, MD, DMD CHPTER 87 s0010 p0010 s0020 p0015 s0025 p0020 s0030 p0025 s0035 p0030 s0040 p0035 s0045 p0040 1. What is orthognathic
More informationResearch report for MSc Dent. University of Witwatersrand. Faculty of health science. Dr J Beukes. Student number: h
Research report for MSc Dent University of Witwatersrand Faculty of health science Dr J Beukes Student number: 9507510h Supervisor: Prof JP Reyneke October 2011 1 1. Title 2. Aim 3. Introduction 4. Objectives
More informationTreatment of Long face / Open bite
In the name of GOD Treatment of Long face / Open bite in preadolescent children Presented by: Dr Somayeh Heidari Orthodontist Reference: Contemporary Orthodontics Chapter 13 William R. Proffit, Henry W.
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/31632 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Mensink, Gertjan Title: Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy by the splitter-separator
More informationSurgical-Orthodontic Treatment of Gummy Smile with Vertical Maxillary Excess
Case Report 10.5005/jp-journals-10021-1219 Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment of Gummy Smile with Vertical Maxillary Excess 1 Sumit Kumar Yadav, 2 Vikas Sehgal, 3 Sanjay Mittal ABSTRACT Vertical maxillary
More informationOvercorrection in Mandibular Advancement*
266 J. max.-fac. Surg. 8 (1980) 266-270 Overcorrection in Mandibular Advancement* Peter EGYEDI Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery (Head: Prof. P, Egyedi, M.D., D.M.D.), University of Utrecht, Holland
More informationThe ASE Example Case Report 2010
The ASE Example Case Report 2010 The Requirements for Case Presentation in The Angle Society of Europe are specified in the Appendix I to the Bylaws. This example case report exemplifies how these requirements
More informationNonsurgical Treatment of Adult Open Bite Using Edgewise Appliance Combined with High-Pull Headgear and Class III Elastics
Case Report Nonsurgical Treatment of Adult Open Bite Using Edgewise Appliance Combined with High-Pull Headgear and Class III Elastics Isao Saito, DDS, PhD a ; Masaki Yamaki, DDS, PhD b ; Kooji Hanada,
More informationPostoperative Evaluation on SSRO performed by Short Lingual Osteotomy and IVRO
140 J Meikai Dent Med 43 2, 140 147, 2014 Short Lingual Osteotomy SSRO IVRO 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 SSRO SSRO IVRO SSRO short lingual osteotomy SL SL IVRO SL 4 6 IVRO SL IVRO SL 1 IVRO SL short lingual
More informationA Validation of Two Orthognathic Model Surgery Techniques
Journal of Orthodontics/Vol. 28/2001/135 142 A Validation of Two Orthognathic Model Surgery Techniques M. A. BAMBER, PH.D. M. HARRIS, M.D., F.D.S.R.C.S. C. NACHER Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
More informationCase Report: Long-Term Outcome of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Treated with Rapid Palatal Expansion and Cervical Traction
Case Report Case Report: Long-Term Outcome of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Treated with Rapid Palatal Expansion and Cervical Traction Roberto M. A. Lima, DDS a ; Anna Leticia Lima, DDS b Abstract:
More informationThe conservative treatment of Class I malocclusion with maxillary transverse deficiency and anterior teeth crowding
B B O C a s e R e p o r t The conservative treatment of Class I malocclusion with maxillary transverse deficiency and anterior teeth crowding Lincoln I. Nojima* Abstract This report describes the treatment
More informationJaw relation (Maxillomandibular relationship): any one of the infinite
Maxillo-mandibular Relationship Jaw relation (Maxillomandibular relationship): any one of the infinite spatial relationships of the mandible to the maxilla. Jaw relation record: It is a registration of
More informationEUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTISTS
EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTISTS CANDIDATE NUMBER:44 CASE NUMBER: 2 Year: 2010 ESLO 01 RÉSUMÉ OF CASE 5 CASE CATEGORY: CLASS II DIVISION 1 MALOCCLUSION A MALOCCLUSION WITH SIGNIFICANT MANDIBULAR
More informationCrowded Class II Division 2 Malocclusion
Class II Division 2 Malocclusion Crowded Class II Division 2 Malocclusion Clinicians: Drs. Chris Chang, Hsin-Yin Yeh, Sophia Pei-Wen Shu, W. Eugene Roberts Patient: Miss Jhan Pre-treatment Diagnosis An
More informationDental Morphology and Vocabulary
Dental Morphology and Vocabulary Palate Palate Palate 1 2 Hard Palate Rugae Hard Palate Palate Palate Soft Palate Palate Palate Soft Palate 4 Palate Hard Palate Soft Palate Maxillary Arch (Maxilla) (Uppers)
More informationEarly Mixed Dentition Period
REVIEW ARTIC CLE AODMR The Effects of a Prefabricated Functional Appliance in Early Mixed Dentition Period Toshio Iwata 1, Takashi Usui 2, Nobukazu Shirakawa 2, Toshitsugu Kawata 3 1 Doctor of Philosophy
More informationTHE USE OF TEMPORARY ANCHORAGE DEVICES FOR MOLAR INTRUSION & TREATMENT OF ANTERIOR OPEN BITE By Eduardo Nicolaievsky D.D.S.
THE USE OF TEMPORARY ANCHORAGE DEVICES FOR MOLAR INTRUSION & TREATMENT OF ANTERIOR OPEN BITE By Eduardo Nicolaievsky D.D.S. Skeletal anchorage, the concept of using the facial skeleton to control tooth
More informationAn Adult Case of Skeletal Open Bite with a Severely Narrowed Maxillary Dental Arch
Case Report An Adult Case of Skeletal Open Bite with a Severely Narrowed Maxillary Dental Arch Michiru Takeuchi, DDS a ; Eiji Tanaka, DDS, PhD b ; Daisuke Nonoyama, DDS c ; Junko Aoyama, DDS d ; Kazuo
More informationInfluence of wrong determination of occlusal plane in maxillary advancement: a model surgery study
Original Article Braz J Oral Sci. July September 2012 - Volume 11, Number 3 Influence of wrong determination of occlusal plane in maxillary advancement: a model surgery study Maximiana Cristina de Souza
More informationWhat is Hemifacial Microsomia? By Pravin K. Patel, MD and Bruce S. Bauer, MD Children s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL
What is Hemifacial Microsomia? By Pravin K. Patel, MD and Bruce S. Bauer, MD Children s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 773-880-4094 Early in the child s embryonic development the structures destined to
More informationOrthodontic-Surgical Management of a Skeletal Class II Patient with Reverse Smile Arc and Vertical Maxillary Excess
N Vijay et al Case Report 10.5005/jp-journals-10021-1218 Orthodontic-Surgical Management of a Skeletal Class II Patient with Reverse Smile Arc and Vertical Maxillary Excess 1 N Vijay, 2 K Sadashiva Shetty,
More informationBone Reduction Surgical Guide for the Novum Implant Procedure: Technical Note
Bone Reduction Surgical Guide for the Novum Implant Procedure: Technical Note Stephen M. Parel, DDS 1 /Steven L. Ruff, CDT 2 /R. Gilbert Triplett, DDS, PhD 3 /Sterling R. Schow, DMD 4 The Novum System
More informationOF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS
EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS CANDIDATE NUMBER: KDr. KP. kanarelis CASE NUMBER: 2 Year: 2010 WBLO 01 RESUME OF CASE 2 CASE CATEGORY: ADULT MALOCCLUSION NAME : MARIA A. BORN: 18.04.1983 SEX:
More informationKJLO. A Sequential Approach for an Asymmetric Extraction Case in. Lingual Orthodontics. Case Report INTRODUCTION DIAGNOSIS
KJLO Korean Journal of Lingual Orthodontics Case Report A Sequential Approach for an Asymmetric Extraction Case in Lingual Orthodontics Ji-Sung Jang 1, Kee-Joon Lee 2 1 Dream Orthodontic Clinic, Gimhae,
More informationIJCMR 553. ORIGINAL RESEARCH Different Population- Different Analysis A Cephalometric Study. Sachin Singh 1, Jayesh Rahalkar 2 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
IJCMR 553 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Different Population- Different Analysis A Cephalometric Study Sachin Singh 1, Jayesh Rahalkar 2 ABSTRACT Introduction: Cephalometric norms derived for Caucasian population
More informationSevere Malocclusion: Appropriately Timed Treatment. This article discusses challenging issues clinicians face when treating
Severe Malocclusion: The Importance of Appropriately Timed Treatment A Synchronized and Simultaneous Interdisciplinary Plan Using Cosmetic Dentistry Principles David M. Sarver, DMD, MS Abstract This article
More informationCorrelation between Gonial Angle and Different Variables after Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
Original Article Correlation between Gonial Angle and Different Variables after Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy M. Bayat 1,2, M. Ja'farian 3, O. Ghassemi Habashi 4 1 Assistant Professor, Department
More informationEvaluation of maxillary protrusion malocclusion treatment effects with prosth-orthodontic method in old adults
Evaluation of maxillary protrusion malocclusion treatment effects with prosth-orthodontic method in old adults Peicheng Xu, DDS, MSD, a and Honghu Liu, DDS, PhD b a Shanghai Xuhui Dental Hospital and b
More informationAngle Class II, division 2 malocclusion with deep overbite
BBO Case Report Angle Class II, division 2 malocclusion with deep overbite Arno Locks 1 Angle Class II, division 2, malocclusion is characterized by a Class II molar relation associated with retroclined
More informationInteresting Case Series. Virtual Surgical Planning in Orthognathic Surgery
Interesting Case Series Virtual Surgical Planning in Orthognathic Surgery Suraj Jaisinghani, MS, a Nicholas S. Adams, MD, b,c Robert J. Mann, MD, b,c,d John W. Polley, MD, b,c,d, and John A. Girotto, MD,
More informationAttachment G. Orthodontic Criteria Index Form Comprehensive D8080. ABBREVIATIONS CRITERIA for Permanent Dentition YES NO
First Review IL HFS Dental Program Models Second Review Ortho cad Attachment G Orthodontic Criteria Index Form Comprehensive D8080 Ceph Film X-Rays Photos Narrative Patient Name: DOB: ABBREVIATIONS CRITERIA
More informationEUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTISTS
EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTISTS Dr. Masatoshi Sana Year: ESLO 01 RÉSUMÉ OF CASE 8 CASE CATEGORY: TRANS / VERTICAL DISCREPANCY NAME: Akiko T. BORN : 15/03/1973 SEX: F PRE-TREATMENT RECORDS: AGE:
More informationMaxillary Growth Control with High Pull Headgear- A Case Report
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 01 Ver. X January. (2018), PP 09-13 www.iosrjournals.org Maxillary Growth Control with High
More informationMesial Step Class I or Class III Dependent upon extent of step seen clinically and patient s growth pattern Refer for early evaluation (by 8 years)
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Development Overview Development of Dentition Treatment Retention and Relapse Growth of Naso-Maxillary Complex Develops postnatally entirely by intramenbranous ossification
More information2007 JCO, Inc. May not be distributed without permission.
2007 JCO, Inc. May not be distributed without permission. www.jco-online.com CSE REPORT Correction of an symmetrical Class II Malocclusion Using Predictable Force Systems PIERO PLCIOS, DDS, MDS FLVIO URIBE,
More informationSkeletal Relapse after Correction of Mandibular Prognathism by Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
Original Article Skeletal Relapse after Correction of Mandibular Prognathism by Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy H. Mohajerani 1, M. Mehdizadeh 2, A. Khalighi Sigaroodi 3 1 Assistant Professor,
More informationProsthetic Options in Implant Dentistry. Hakimeh Siadat, DDS, MSc Associate Professor
Prosthetic Options in Dentistry Hakimeh Siadat, DDS, MSc Associate Professor Dental Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics & Dental s Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
More informationORTHOGNATHIC (JAW) SURGERY
ORTHOGNATHIC (JAW) SURGERY UnitedHealthcare Oxford Clinical Policy Policy Number: SURGERY 069.12 T2 Effective Date: January 1, 2018 Table of Contents Page INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE... 1 CONDITIONS OF COVERAGE...
More information06/12/18. [Note: When orthognathic surgery is not a covered benefit, it is non-covered for any diagnosis, including sleep apnea.]
Reference #: MC/B002 Page: 1 of 5 PRODUCT APPLICATION: PreferredOne Community Health Plan (PCHP) PreferredOne Administrative Services, Inc. (PAS) ERISA PreferredOne Administrative Services, Inc. (PAS)
More informationArch dimensional changes following orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars
Received: 14 June. 2015 Accepted: 7 Dec. 2015 Arch dimensional changes following orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars Abstract Asghar Ebadifar DDS, MSc 1, Mohammad Hossien Shafazand
More informationNon-surgical management of skeletal malocclusions: An assessment of 100 cases
Non-surgical management of skeletal malocclusions: An assessment of 100 cases In early 1970 s reduced risks associated with surgical procedures allowed the treatment planning process for skeletal malocclusions
More informationA Countdown to Orthognathic Surgery
Bhagwat Rao Kapse et al REVIEW ARTICLE 10.5005/jp-journals-10026-1170 1 Bhagwat Rao Kapse, 2 Amitabh Kallury, 3 Ankur Chouksey, 4 Trilok Shrivastava, 5 Ashutosh Sthapak, 6 Nidhi Malik ABSTRACT For patients
More informationORTHOGNATHIC (JAW) SURGERY
Oxford ORTHOGNATHIC (JAW) SURGERY UnitedHealthcare Oxford Clinical Policy Policy Number: SURGERY 069.14 T2 Effective Date: October 1, 2018 Table of Contents Page INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE... 1 CONDITIONS OF
More informationFor many years, patients with
Dr. Robert Lowe is one of the great teachers in dentistry. Recently, he received the Gordon J. Christensen Award from the Chicago Dental Society in recognition of his excellence in teaching. Some of my
More informationLingual correction of a complex Class III malocclusion: Esthetic treatment without sacrificing quality results.
SM 3M Health Care Academy Lingual correction of a complex Class III malocclusion: Esthetic treatment without sacrificing quality results. Christopher S. Riolo, DDS, M.S, Ph.D. Dr. Riolo received his DDS
More informationEUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS
EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS CANDIDATE NUMBER: Dr. Stefan Blasius Year: 2010 WBLO 01 EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS CANDIDATE NUMBER: Dr. Stefan Blasius Year: 2010 WBLO 01 RÉSUMÉ
More informationCombined use of digital imaging technologies: ortho-surgical treatment
DOI: 10.1051/odfen/2018059 J Dentofacial Anom Orthod 2018;21:210 The authors Combined use of digital imaging technologies: ortho-surgical treatment L. Petitpas Private practice, 54700 Pont-à-Mousson Are
More informationAngle Class I malocclusion with anterior open bite treated with extraction of permanent teeth
Angle Class I malocclusion with anterior open bite treated with extraction of permanent teeth Matheus Melo Pithon 1 This clinical case reports the orthodontic treatment of a Class I malocclusion with anterior
More informationLATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC EVALUATION IN CLEFT PALATE PATIENTS
POLSKI PRZEGLĄD CHIRURGICZNY 2009, 81, 1, 23 27 10.2478/v10035-009-0004-2 LATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC EVALUATION IN CLEFT PALATE PATIENTS PRADEEP JAIN, ANAND AGARWAL, ARVIND SRIVASTAVA Department of Plastic
More informationEUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTISTS
EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTISTS CANDIDATE NUMBER: 44 CASE NUMBER: 1 Year: ESLO 01 RÉSUMÉ OF CASE 1 CASE CATEGORY: ADULT MALOCCLUSION NAME: K.N BORN: 03/03/1980 SEX: Male PRE-TREATMENT RECORDS:
More informationEUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS
EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS KANARELIS PANAGIOTIS (TAKIS) CASE NUMBER: 1 Year: 2012 WBLO 1 RÉSUMÉ OF CASE 1 CASE CATEGORY: ADULT MALOCCLUSION NAME:
More informationOral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Chapter 2 Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Ruchi Singhal 1 ; Virendra Singh 2 ; Amrish Bhagol* 1 Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur, India 2 Senior Professor, PGIDS, Rohtak, India Amrish Bhagol Condylar Fractures
More informationORTHO-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SKELETAL CLASS III MALOCCLUSION WITH SEVERE TOOTH SIZE ARCH LENGTH DISCREPANCY
Case Report ORTHO-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SKELETAL CLASS III MALOCCLUSION WITH SEVERE TOOTH SIZE ARCH LENGTH DISCREPANCY SS Agarwal a, Karan Nehrab b, B Jayanc c, NK Sahoo d, ID Roy e, Mohit Sharma f 45
More informationCASE: EXTRACTION Dr. TRAINING M (CA) Caucasian AGE: 8.6 VISUAL NORMS RMO X: 02/06/ R: 02/21/2003 MISSING PERMANENT TEETH RMO 2003
O C RMO CASE: EXTRACTION Dr. TRAINING M (CA) Caucasian AGE:. X: // - R: // MISSING PERMANENT TEETH VISUAL NORMS RMO R L RMO Diagnostic Services RMO, Inc. ()- Post Office Box ()- Canoga Park, CA - EXTRACTION
More informationClass II. Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. Clinician: Dr. Mike Mayhew, Boone, NC Patient: R.S. Cleft Lip and Palate.
Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Clinician: Dr. Mike Mayhew, Boone, NC Patient: R.S. Class II Cleft Lip and Palate Pretreatment Diagnosis Class II dolichofacial female, age 22 years 11 months, presented
More informationAlveolar Growth in Japanese Infants: A Comparison between Now and 40 Years ago
Bull Tokyo Dent Coll (2017) 58(1): 9 18 Original Article doi:10.2209/tdcpublication.2016-0500 Alveolar Growth in Japanese Infants: A Comparison between Now and 40 Years ago Hiroki Imai 1), Tetsuhide Makiguchi
More informationProfessor, Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,
Dr. Ellen Wen-Ching Ko, DDS, MS Professor, Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Professor, Graduate Institute of Craniofacial and Dental Science, Chang
More information6. Timing for orthodontic force
6. Timing for orthodontic force Orthodontic force is generally less than 300gm, so early mechanical stability is enough for immediate orthodontic force. There is no actually difference in success rate
More informationThe Tip-Edge Concept: Eliminating Unnecessary Anchorage Strain
Welcome Ron Not Ron? Click here. My Account The Tip-Edge Concept: Eliminating Unnecessary Anchorage Strain VOLUME 26 : NUMBER 03 : PAGES (165-178) 1992 CHRISTOPHER K. KESLING, DDS, MS Tooth movement in
More informationLong-term stability of anterior open bite closure corrected by surgical-orthodontic treatment
The European Journal of Orthodontics Advance Access published January 17, 2011 European Journal of Orthodontics 1 of 6 doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq194 The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf
More informationUNCORRECTED PROOF. G.R. Hoffman a,1, P.A. Brennan b,c, * Introduction. Patients and methods 40
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (2004) xxx, xxx xxx The skeletal stability of one-piece Le Fort 1 osteotomy to advance the maxilla Part 2. The influence of uncontrollable clinical variables
More informationCorrection of Crowding using Conservative Treatment Approach
Case Report Correction of Crowding using Conservative Treatment Approach Dr Tapan Shah, 1 Dr Tarulatha Shyagali, 2 Dr Kalyani Trivedi 3 1 Senior Lecturer, 2 Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Darshan
More informationRMO VISUAL NORMS. CASE: CHINESE SAMPLE Dr. TRAINING F (CH) Chinese AGE: 12.4 X: 09/30/ R: 02/21/2003 MISSING PERMANENT TEETH
O C RMO CASE: CHINESE SAMPLE Dr. TRAINING F (CH) Chinese AGE:. X: // - R: // MISSING PERMANENT TEETH VISUAL NORMS RMO R L RMO Diagnostic Services RMO, Inc. ()- Post Office Box ()- Canoga Park, CA - CHINESE
More informationStability of maxillary advancement using rigid fixation and porous-block hydroxyapatite grafting: Cleft palate versus non-cleft patients
Pushkar Mehra, BDS, DMD Formerly,Fellow Oral and Maxillofacial Currently, Assistant Professor Oral and Maxillofacial Boston University School of Dental Medicine Director Boston Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts
More informationEctopic upper canine associated to ectopic lower second bicuspid. Case report
Original Article Published on 15-06-2001 In Italiano, per favore En Español, por favor Ectopic upper canine associated to ectopic lower second bicuspid. Case report A.R. Mazzocchi* * MD DDS. Corresponding
More informationSurgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion is efficient for
Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol 2006;72(4):457-61. ORIGINAL ARTICLE Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expasion: a preliminar study Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito Vasconcelos 1, Antonio Figueiredo Caubi 2, Emanuel
More information2008 JCO, Inc. May not be distributed without permission. Correction of Asymmetry with a Mandibular Propulsion Appliance
2008 JCO, Inc. May not be distributed without permission. www.jco-online.com CASE REPORT Correction of Asymmetry with a Mandibular Propulsion Appliance JOSÉ AUGUSTO MENDES MIGUEL, DDS, MSC, PHD GUSTAVO
More informationActive Clinical Treatment Case 48
Active Clinical Treatment Case 48 Treating Clinicians: Drs. Jung Nam, Scott G. Cohen and Soojin Kim Initial smile Final smile Initial Presentation: January 2004 Age at Initial Presentation: 59 Active Treatment
More informationTopic: Orthognathic Surgery Date of Origin: October 5, Section: Surgery Last Reviewed Date: December 2013
Medical Policy Manual Topic: Orthognathic Surgery Date of Origin: October 5, 2004 Section: Surgery Last Reviewed Date: December 2013 Policy No: 137 Effective Date: March 1, 2014 IMPORTANT REMINDER Medical
More informationA Modified Three-piece Base Arch for en masse Retraction and Intrusion in a Class II Division 1 Subdivision Case
Dhaval Ranjitbhai Lekhadia, Gautham Hegde RESEARCH ARTICLE 10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1149 A Modified Three-piece Base Arch for en masse Retraction and Intrusion in a Class II Division 1 Subdivision Case
More information