In this colloquium, I will be addressing two related topics. First, I will introduce the field now generally referred to as Bioarchaeology.
|
|
- Easter Lindsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 In this colloquium, I will be addressing two related topics. First, I will introduce the field now generally referred to as Bioarchaeology. And second, I will be sharing with you what studies of human skeletons from the Mariana Islands reveal about the lives and health of the prehistoric Chamorro. 1
2 Bioarchaeology is the study of human biological remains within their cultural, or archaeological, context. The term was first coined in 1972 by the British archaeologist Grahame Clark as a reference to zooarchaeology, or the study of animal bones from archaeological sites. In 1977, Jane Buikstra, an American physical anthropologist, redefined bioarchaeology in the U.S. to refer exclusively to the scientific study of human skeletons from archaeological sites. The approach used in the U.S., which emphasizes a population-based and ecological perspective to the study of human skeletons, grew out of the New Archaeology of Lewis Binford and colleagues.
3 Skeletons represent the most direct evidence of the biology and sometimes behavior of past human groups. The study of human skeletal and dental remains provides an important context for understanding of human variation, biocultural behavior, and the quality of life in the past. 3
4 The model adopted by most bioarchaeologists to study health in past populations is the model developed by Goodman and co-workers in the 1980s. This is a biocultural or stress model, which emphasizes an individual s continuing lifelong adjustment to environmental constraints and stressors. The model focuses on the causes (cultural, genetic, and other) and the skeletal manifestations of stress, commonly referred to as indicators of stress.
5 Citing problems of selective mortality and hidden heterogeneity in individuals susceptibility to illness, Wood and others have argued that the interpretation of population health status from skeletal remains is not necessarily as straightforward as once presumed a view expressed in the so-called osteological paradox. These issues reveal that differences in the abundance of stress indicators or pathological lesions between skeletal series may not always follow the common inference that better health makes for better skeletons. 5
6 While many diseases do not affect the bone, severe and long-term stress may leave observable changes in the skeleton and teeth identified as indicators of stress. Two categories of skeletal and dental indicators of stress are recognized: non-specific and specific stress indicators.
7 Located in the northwestern Pacific, the Mariana Islands form an archipelago made up by the summits of 15 volcanic islands, and other smaller outcroppings, that stretch approximately 450 miles in a north to south direction. Guam, located in the south, is the largest island in the Marianas with a total land area of approximately 212 square miles. Saipan and Tinian are about half the size of Guam, and Rota is even smaller. In prehistory as well as today, people have preferred living in the southernmost islands, which are also the largest, oldest, and best-watered islands within the archipelago. Geologically, these islands are a combination of volcanic and raised coral deposits surrounded by a fringing reef. Today, the climate of the Mariana Islands is classified a marine tropical, with a pronounced summer monsoon season associated with heavy downpour, tropical storms, and typhoons.
8 When the first European explorers arrived in 1521, they found the islands inhabited by a single group of people who spoke an Austronesian language, Chamorro. It is estimated that human settlement of the Mariana Islands began approximately 3,500 BP, with permanent occupation probably not occurring until approximately 2,000 years BP. Based on linguistic and archaeological evidence, the most likely source of these earliest settlers is island Southeast Asia and the Philippines. Chamorro prehistory is traditionally divided into three periods: Pre-Latte, Transitional Pre-Latte, and Latte Periods. The term, latte refers to a form of paired stone pillars and cup-shaped capitals or capstones, which very likely were used to support houses, meeting halls and/or religious structures. One of the largest latte sets is the one found on the island of Tinian, the House of Taga. Latte structures are nearly always associated with burials, typically interred within the perimeter of these structures. The Latte Period extends into the proto-historic Period, which began with Magellan s historic landfall in Guam in 1521 and terminated with the forcible removal of the Chamorro from Saipan, Tinian, and Rota to the island of Guam in
9 The precontact Chamorro subsisted on cultivated tree and root crops typical of the tropical island environment, such as coconut, banana, breadfruit, taro, yam, and eventually rice. They also subsisted on fish and shellfish found in the surrounding reefs, reef flats, and deep-water environments. 9
10 In 1995, Douglas Hanson and I organized a symposium on the bioarchaeology of the Marianas Islands for the American Association of Physical Anthropologists meeting, which was held in Oakland, California. Among the papers that were subsequently published in a special issue of AJPA in 1997, was one written by me and two of my then graduate students that summarized the health and life style of the inhabitants of the Mariana Islands. 10
11 The sample used in this survey included 383 individual skeletons representing transitional pre-latte and Latte periods, which were recovered during Cultural Resource Management (CRM) projects in the Mariana Islands region in the 1980s and 1990s.
12 Although there are some biases in the age and sex representation of the samples, this earlier survey reported life expectancy at birth for three of the largest skeletal samples from Guam and Saipan, that ranged from 26 to 34 years of age. The average adult age for these same three series ranges from years. 12
13 Using the Mean Childhood Mortality (MCM) statistic, relatively high fertility rates, ranging from 4-6 children for women who survived to age 15 to 45 years, were observed for these three prehistoric skeletal series. Barring any disasters, these fertility rates support a steady increase in increase in population numbers expected of an island ecosystem. 13
14 The average statures of prehistoric males from the Mariana Islands ranged from 170 to 176 centimeters (about 5 7 to 5 9 ), statures that are comparable to prehistoric Polynesians. 14
15 The average female statures ranged from 159 to 164 centimeters (about 5 2 to 5 4 ). 15
16 Although the prehistoric inhabitants of the Mariana Islands were relatively healthy, they did suffer from a number of diseases, including yaws, a skin disease that can leave distinctive lesions in the skeleton, degenerative joint disease, and possibly iron deficiency anemia. 16
17 Despite diets rich in root starch and sugars, prehistoric Chamorro teeth show little evidence of dental caries (tooth decay), antemortem tooth loss, or dental abscessing. The chewing of Areca, or betel, nut with lime and the leaves of the pepper leaf, which is common throughout South/Southeast Asia and the western Pacific, may have contributed to this good dental health. There is now a substantial epidemiological literature demonstrating that betel chewing, which stains the teeth a reddish brown, may prevent dental caries while increasing the frequencies of periodontal disease, calculus, and dental attrition. It is of note that the teeth of pre-latte period skeletons from Guam do not exhibit dental staining.
18 Evidence in skeletons of prehistoric Chamorro indicate they led strenuous lives involving physical activities. Spondylolysis, or stress fractures of the lower back, and well developed occipital tubercles in the back and base of the skull have been attributed to the seafaring culture, agricultural subsistence, and the construction and transport of heavy latte stones prior to contact with Spanish explorers in the early 16 th century.
19 In addition to providing one of the first summaries of the health and lifestyles of the prehistoric inhabitants of the Mariana Islands, our earlier survey suggested that the prehistoric inhabitants of the smaller islands located north of Guam, such as Saipan and Tinian, experienced higher levels of specific and non-specific indicators of stress than the prehistoric inhabitants of Guam. Possible explanations for the observed difference included environmental factors, such as lower rainfall, slightly cooler temperatures, inadequate water supply, remoteness, narrow and non-continuous fringing reefs. Also earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and sea level fluctuations, may make these smaller and more remote islands more susceptible to environmental distresses. 19
20 With this as backdrop, I wish now to share some of the results of recent work that examines health and lifestyle in prehistoric skeletons from Saipan and Tinian Islands with those from Guam. It is predicted that the estimators of physiological stress examined in this study will be greater in the prehistoric skeletons from Tinian than in those from Saipan and, when combined, higher levels of stress indicators will be observed in the skeletons from Tinian and Saipan when compared to those from Guam. 20
21 A total of 227 skeletons, mostly from the Latte Period, from Tinian, Saipan, and Guam are used in these comparisons. The majority of the skeletons from Tinian (20) and an additional 26 skeletons from Saipan were not available in our earlier survey. 21
22 The general indicators of systemic stress that I examine are: Stature Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) Cribra orbitalia (CO) 22
23 The specific indicators of stress examined: Limb bone fractures Spondylolysis Dental pathology (AMTL, caries, alveolar resorption, alveolar defect, calculus, attrition) Infection (treponemal disease) Statistical tests: Fisher s exact test and Student's t-test 23
24 Using stature formulae for Polynesian Maori, no significant differences in adult stature were found for the prehistoric skeletons from Tinian, Saipan, and Guam. On average, the prehistoric male Mariana Islanders were relatively tall (5 8 or 173 cm), while female Chamorro were about 4 inches shorter than male Chamorro. 24
25 Linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH) result from a disruption of enamel development during infancy and early childhood due to a variety of stressors, in the mother and/or child, including malnutrition, metabolic disorders, acute and chronic infections, physical trauma, and hereditary conditions. The frequency (8.9%) of LEH in the Tinian series is very low. A significantly higher frequency of LEH (34.0%) is reported in the Saipan series. The combined frequency of occurrence of LEH in the Tinian and Saipan series (21.6%) is significantly less than that observed for the combined Guam series (31.0%). Thus, this general indicator of stress indicates that the prehistoric Chamorro experienced physiological stress in the early years of their development, especially in the two largest islands. 25
26 Cribra orbitalia, a porosity of the orbital roof, which is a form of porotic hyperostosis of the cranial vault, is commonly attributed to the presence of iron deficiency anemia. Similar frequencies of CO were observed in the Tinian (29.4%) and Saipan (20.0%) skeletons. The combined frequency of CO in the Tinian and Saipan series (22.2%) is significantly higher than the frequency reported for the Guam series (7.1%). 26
27 Fractures of the major long limb bones in adults provide an indication of the frequency and type of traumatic, accidental or deliberate, injury in a population. Identical frequencies (1.1%) of limb bone fractures were observed in the Tinian and Saipan series and a slightly lower frequency (0.8%) is reported for the skeletal series from Guam. Overall, accidental or deliberate injury, as indicated by limb bone fracture, is extremely rare in the prehistoric Mariana Islanders. 27
28 The frequency of spondylolysis, or a stress fracture of the lower lumbar vertebrae, is similar in the Tinian (2.8%) and Saipan series (1.3%). Although not statistically significant, a somewhat higher frequency of spondylolysis is reported for Guam (6.7%) compared to the combined frequency of this condition in the skeletons from Tinian and Saipan (1.8%). The higher prevalence of this indicator and healed bone fractures in the skeletons from Guam suggest that the inhabitants of this island may have experienced more stress involving physical labor and or cultural practices than those living on the more northerly islands. 28
29 Very similar frequencies of betel staining were observed in the Tinian (80.3%) and Saipan (75.3%) dentitions. However, the combined frequency of betel stained teeth in the skeletons from Tinian and Saipan (77.3%) was found to be significantly higher than frequency of betel stained teeth reported for Guam (53.3%). 29
30 30
31 Dental caries is a de-mineralization of the tooth structures caused by organic acids produced by bacterial processes involved in the fermentation of dietary carbohydrates. Very similar frequencies of carious lesions were observed in the Tinian (4.6%) and Saipan (7.1%) teeth. A significantly higher frequency of carious teeth is reported for the Guam skeletal series (10.1%) compared to the combined Tinian and Saipan series (6.1%). 31
32 Alveolar resorption is related to the removal of alveolar bone due to inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth often associated with periodontal disease. Here, we report frequencies of advanced resorption. A significantly higher frequency of alveolar resorption was found in the Saipan (58.6%) series compared Tinian series (24.4%). The combined frequency of alveolar resorption in the Tinian and Saipan series (49.6%) is significantly higher than that reported for the Guam series (28.3%) suggesting periodontal disease was more prevalent for those living on Tinian and Saipan. 32
33 The frequency of dental abscessing in the Tinian series (3.8%) is not significantly different from that reported for the Saipan series (6.0%). The overall frequency of alveolar defects for Tinian and Saipan (5.3%) is slightly higher than the frequency reported for the Guamanian series (4.6%), but the difference is not statistically significant. 33
34 Dental calculus, which is calcified or mineralized dental plaque, is one of the most common dental diseases in the living and past peoples. Among the contributing factors to plaque buildup are an alkaline oral environment, mineral content of drinking water, and dental hygiene. The frequency of advanced calculus in the Tinian series (14.1%) is higher, but not significantly higher, than the frequency of calculus reported for the Saipan series (10.5%). However, a significantly higher (15.6%) frequency of advanced calculus buildup was observed in the Guam series compared to the combined Tinian and Saipan series (11.8%). 34
35 Very similar frequencies of advanced dental attrition were observed in the Tinian (47.0%) and Saipan (48.7%) series, and the combined frequency of advanced attrition (48.1%) for the Tinian and Saipan series is statistically higher than that observed in the Guam series (26.3%). 35
36 Yaws is an infection caused by a bacteria [Treponema pallidum, subspecies pertenue ] that is closely related to one that causes syphilis. Yaws is a long-term (chronic) infection that mainly affects the skin, bones, and joints, primarily of children, living in warm tropical regions including the western Pacific. Unlike syphilis, yaws is not sexually transmitted. Yaws is transmitted by direct contact with skin sores of infected people. While the skeletal manifestations of yaws and syphilis are similar, it is generally acknowledged that venereal syphilis was absent in the Mariana Islands prior to contact with Europeans. Therefore bony lesions with manifestations typical of treponemal infections from the Mariana Islands are usually diagnosed as evidence of yaws. The overall frequency of treponemal infection in the Tinian series (8.7%) is lower but not significantly different from the frequency of treponemal infections reported for the adult skeletons from Saipan (12.7%). The combined frequency of treponemal infection in the Tinian and Saipan series (12.0%) is not significantly different from the frequency reported for skeletons from Guam (8.1%). 36
37 Comparisons of the indicators of health and lifestyle in the skeletons from Tinian and Saipan reveal few significant differences. When comparisons are made with the Tinian series, significantly higher frequencies of LEH, AMTL, and alveolar resorption were observed in the skeletons from Saipan. Differing age-at-death profiles may contribute to the differences in dental pathology, while a slightly higher rate of infection in the Saipan skeletal series may result in increased childhood stress reflected in the LEH prevalence. 37
38 When the skeletons from Tinian and Saipan are compared to those from Guam: Significantly higher frequencies of LEH, dental caries, and dental calculus are observed in the skeletons from Guam Significantly higher frequencies of alveolar resorption, dental attrition, and betel staining are observed in the skeletons from Tinian and Saipan The significantly higher frequency of betel-stained teeth in the Tinian and Saipan series may explain the higher frequencies of AMTL, alveolar resorption, and attrition observed as well as the lower caries rate in the teeth from these two islands compared to Guam. 38
39 As was found in the earlier survey, this new study indicates that these prehistoric Chamorro were generally of good health. The frequencies for many of the indicators, such as fractures, AMTL, dental caries, dental abscessing, and infection, are very low. Comparisons between Tinian and Saipan Islands reveal few differences. However, when the skeletons from Tinian and Saipan are compared to those from Guam, significantly higher frequencies for several indicators suggest more childhood stress and oral-dental disease in the Guam skeletal series. Unexpectedly, these most recent results suggest that the prehistoric inhabitants of Tinian were subjected to less stress levels than those living on the larger islands of Saipan and Guam. Some of the differences in dental pathology may be related to the cultural practice of chewing Areca nut with or without the use of slaked lime. Other observed differences may be attributed to increasing population size, changes in marine resource utilization, differences in diet, temporal differences in the skeletal series, and contact with Europeans. Continued work in the field of bioarchaeology, including isotopic and adna studies, will build on the existing database for understanding the health and wellbeing, lifestyle, and behavior of the earliest inhabitants of the Mariana Islands.
40 40
Michael Pietrusewsky*, Adam Lauer*, Cheng-hwa Tsang**
Michael Pietrusewsky*, Adam Lauer*, Cheng-hwa Tsang** *Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu **Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Taipei Pacific Island Archaeology
More informationHUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS FROM CHOTUNA
APPENDIX 3 HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS FROM CHOTUNA JOHN W. VERANO Nineteen human burials were excavated at Chotuna during the 1980 82 field seasons. All can be assigned to the Late Phase (AD 1370 1600). Skeletal
More informationLapita diet and subsistence strategies on Watom Island, Papua New Guinea: New stable isotope evidence from humans and animals
Lapita diet and subsistence strategies on Watom Island, Papua New Guinea: New stable isotope evidence from humans and animals Authors Rebecca L. Kinaston 1, Dimitri Anson 2, Peter Petchey 2, Richard Walter
More informationHealth status in early modern Somali people from their skeletal remains
International Journal of Archaeology 2014; 2(3): 12-16 Published online December 15, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ija) doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20140203.11 ISSN: 2330-7587 (Print); ISSN: 2330-7595
More informationHuman remains from Bakr Awa, Iraqi Kurdistan, 2017
Bioarchaeology of the Near East, 11:63 69 (2017) Short fieldwork report Human remains from Bakr Awa, Iraqi Kurdistan, 2017 Rafał A. Fetner *1, Joanna Szymczak 2 1 Department of Bioarchaeology, University
More informationAnth 750(G) Research Seminar in Physical Anthropology Global Health in the Pacific: Skeletal Indicators
Anth 750(G) Research Seminar in Physical Anthropology Global Health in the Pacific: Skeletal Indicators Monday 9-11:30 Saunders 329 Professor Michael Pietrusewsky Office Hours: Wednesday 9-11, or by appointment
More informationSkeletal and Dental Health: the bioarchaeology of the human skeletons from the Sigatoka Sand Dunes Site, VL 16/1, Viti Levu, Fiji
Journal of Pacific Archaeology Vol. 8 No. 2 2017 article Skeletal and Dental Health: the bioarchaeology of the human skeletons from the Sigatoka Sand Dunes Site, VL 16/1, Viti Levu, Fiji Michael Pietrusewsky,1
More informationThe odontological collection at the Royal College of Surgeons of England: a short review
The odontological collection at the Royal College of Surgeons of England: a short review Milly Farrell Royal College of Surgeons of England Address for correspondence: Milly Farrell Museums Department
More informationOsteological Analysis Scarborough Road Rillington North Yorkshire
Osteological Analysis 30-32 Scarborough Road Rillington North Yorkshire Site Code: 01.11.04 NGR: SE 8551 7441 Report No 0606 May 2006 Prepared for MAP Archaeological Consultancy Ltd Showfield Lane Malton
More informationand Mortality in Samples from
XLIX/2 pp. 171 183 2011 DOUGLAS H. UBELAKER, ILDIKÓ PAP, KEITLYN ALCANTARA-RUSSELL Skeletal Evidence for Morbidity and Mortality in Samples from Northeastern Hungary dating from the 10 th Century AD ABSTRACT:
More informationA Probable Case of Child Abuse from Historic Gloucester
A Probable Case of Child Abuse from Historic Gloucester Bernadette M Manifold Department of Archaeology, School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Address
More informationHuman Healed Trauma Skull
Human Healed Trauma Skull Product Number: Specimen Evaluated: BC-303 Original Specimen Skeletal Inventory: 1 Cranium with full dentition (teeth ##1-16) 1 Mandible with full dentition (teeth ##17-32) Osteological
More informationOsteological Evaluation. Prepared by Tori D. Randall, Ph.D. Biological Anthropologist
Osteological Evaluation Prepared by Tori D. Randall, Ph.D. Biological Anthropologist Adult Female Asian Skull Product Number: BC-299 Specimen Evaluated: Bone Clones replica Skeletal Inventory: Cranium
More informationSeniors Oral Care
For information about oral health care, please contact the Ontario Dental Association at 416-922-3900 or visit www.youroralhealth.ca The Ontario Dental Association gratefully acknowledges UBC ELDERS Education,
More informationForensic Anthropology Notes
Forensic Anthropology Notes 1 Chapter 13 Forensic Anthropology: What We Learn from Bones describe how bone is formed distinguish between male and female skeletal remains explain how bones contain a record
More informationEstimation of Stature from the Maximum Metacarpal Lengths of the Ancient Maya
113 Estimation of Stature from the Maximum Metacarpal Lengths of the Ancient Maya Britta M. Grieshaber Faculty Sponsor: James Theler Department of Sociology and Archaeology ABSTRACT Estimation of stature
More informationA COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HUMAN SKELETAL MATERIAL FROM LATE FIRST AND EARLY SECOND MILLENNIUM SITES IN THE NORTH-EAST OF ENGLAND
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HUMAN SKELETAL MATERIAL FROM LATE FIRST AND EARLY SECOND MILLENNIUM SITES IN THE NORTH-EAST OF ENGLAND by Susan Mary Anderson, B.A. Hons. (Dunelm) A thesis submitted for the
More informationIndicators of Stress in Prehistoric Jomon Skeletal Remains in Japan. Department of Epidemiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology,
Anthropological Science 106 (Supplement), 127-137, 1998 Indicators of Stress in Prehistoric Jomon Skeletal Remains in Japan Takao Suzuki Department of Epidemiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology,
More informationSunday, March 18, 2018 Vancouver, BC, Canada. If you would like to submit a paper for platform presentation, please send us the title and author.
Paleopathology Club - Newsletter No. 145 http://www.pathology.vcu.edu/research-labs/gerszten-lab-research/paleopathology-club/ IMPORTANT NEWS Our Newsletter is ONLY available via E-mail. Dear Members:
More informationBone Clones Osteological Evaluation Report. 1 intact mandible
Human, Male, Black Bone Clones Osteological Evaluation Report Product Number: Specimen Evaluated: Skeletal Inventory: BC-203 Bone Clones replica 1 intact cranium 1 intact mandible General observations:
More informationForensic Anthropology Open Notes Practice Test
Name: Date: 1/2/18 Section Broughton High School 1 Section 1: - True or False Forensic Anthropology Open Notes Practice Test 1. The number of bones in the body increases from the time of birth to adulthood.
More informationDental Care and Health An Update. Dr. Ranjini Pillai, DDS, MPH, FAGD, FICOI
Dental Care and Health An Update Dr. Ranjini Pillai, DDS, MPH, FAGD, FICOI WHO s Definition of Health? Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of
More informationHuman Male European Skull
Human Male European Skull Product Number: BCM-892 Known Information: This skull is associated with a skeleton of a 34-year-old European male, who stood 5' 8" and weighed 185 pounds at time of death. Cause
More informationA PALEOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SKELETAL REMAINS FROM THE SALINAR AND GALLINAZO PHASES IN THE MOCHE VALLEY (PERU) Lauren R.
A PALEOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SKELETAL REMAINS FROM THE SALINAR AND GALLINAZO PHASES IN THE MOCHE VALLEY (PERU) by Lauren R. Woolwine B.P. in Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, 2018 Submitted to
More informationDEPOSITS. Dentalelle Tutoring 1
DEPOSITS Dentalelle Tutoring WWW.DENTALELLE.COM 1 PH SCALE WWW.DENTALELLE.COM 2 DENTAL CARIES Dental caries is a dynamic process that involves a susceptible tooth, cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque
More informationOral Health Matters The forgotten part of overall health
Oral Health Matters The forgotten part of overall health In 2000, the Surgeon General issued a report Oral Health in America. In the Report, the Surgeon General focused on why oral health is important.
More informationVedrovice: Demography and Palaeopathology in an Early Farming Population
Vedrovice: Demography and Palaeopathology in an Early Farming Population XLVI/2 3 pp. 135 152 2008 Vedrovice: Demography and Palaeopathology in an Early Farming Population Abstract: This paper presents
More informationMODULE 15: ORAL HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN
MODULE 15: ORAL HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN Oral Health Across the Lifespan MODULE 15: ORAL HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN Part 4: Oral Health and Older Adults Mark Wolff DDS, PhD Healthy People 2020 Objectives
More informationPaleopathological conditions in an Eneolithic Community from Sultana - Malu Roşu
Paleopathological conditions in an Eneolithic Community from Sultana - Malu Roşu Alexandra ION * Andrei D. SOFICARU * Abstract: The present article provides an anthropological research regarding 12 graves
More informationInflammatory bone destruction due to abscess of the periodontium in Hadrianapolis community skeletons
Inflammatory bone destruction due to abscess of the periodontium in Hadrianapolis community skeletons Nilsun Bagis (1), Asuman Alpagut (2), Nejat Arpak (3) 1 DDS,Phd, Department of Periodontology, Faculty
More informationAbstract. Previous research on Late Woodland North Carolina has explored how transitions such as
Abstract Previous research on Late Woodland North Carolina has explored how transitions such as agricultural intensification or the arrival of European settlers have impacted the biology of coastal populations.
More informationRefugee Health Issues. Deborah A. McMahan, MD Refugee Summit, 2016
Refugee Health Issues Deborah A. McMahan, MD Refugee Summit, 2016 Agenda Conditions in the Camp Infectious Disease Issues Nutritional Issues Chronic Disease Issues Lifestyle Issues Mental Health Issues
More informationHuman Female European Skull
Human Female European Skull Product Number: BCM-891 Known Information: This skull is associated with a skeleton of a 41-year-old European female, who stood 5' 6 and weighed 133 pounds at time of death.
More informationModule 20 CORE PRINCIPLES OF A HEALTHY TRADITIONAL DIET. 2013, 2015 Integrative Nutrition, Inc.
Module 20 CORE PRINCIPLES OF A HEALTHY TRADITIONAL DIET 2 A STUDY OF TRADITIONAL DIETS In the 1930s, a Cleveland dentist named Weston A. Price, DDS, traveled to isolated parts of the world to study the
More informationFood, Nutrition & Dental Health Summary
By Liz Pearson, RD www.lizpearson.com Food, Nutrition & Dental Health Summary Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007 to 2009) 57% of 6 11 year olds have or have had a cavity 59% of 12 19 year olds have
More informationPet Dental Health. Tooth/Mouth Anatomy. The Tooth. The Tooth cont d. The Tooth cont d 8/22/2016
General Session: Take a Bite out of the Competition by Getting to the Root of Pet Dental Health Presented on: September 14, 2016 Presenter: Image Placeholder Pet Dental Health 1. Anatomy/Terms 2. Signs
More informationSkeleton Tedeschi Register (1911) Sex:: M- S. A. Age: 31 years Job:
Skeleton 1438 Tedeschi Register (1911) Sex:: M- S. A. Age: 31 years Job: Blacksmith Date of death: 9 th of February, 1911 Cause of death: Lung tuberculosis Origin: General Hospital (Padova) Bone Remains
More informationThis is the Accepted Version of a paper published in the journal: International Journal of Paleopathology
ResearchOnline@JCU This is the Accepted Version of a paper published in the journal: International Journal of Paleopathology Newton, J.S., Domett, K.M., O'Reilly, D.J.W., and Shewan, L. (2013) Dental health
More informationBioarchaeology of the Indus Valley Civilization: Biological Affinities, Paleopathology, and Chemical Analyses
Chapter 11 Bioarchaeology of the Indus Valley Civilization: Biological Affinities, Paleopathology, and Chemical Analyses Nancy C. Lovell Introduction The term bioarchaeology has its intellectual origins
More informationForensic Archaeology & Forensic Anthropology. ADJ14 Advanced Criminal Investigations
Forensic Archaeology & Forensic Anthropology ADJ14 Advanced Criminal Investigations Anthropology & Archaeology Anthropology is the study of the biological and cultural aspects of all humans in all places
More informationEssentials of Oral Health
Essentials of Oral Health Oral Development Developing teeth from the prenatal period through adolescence benefit from fluoride and good nutrition and are susceptible to the damaging effects of injuries,
More informationMODULE 15: ORAL HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN
MODULE 15: ORAL HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN Oral Health Across the Lifespan MODULE 15: ORAL HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN Part 3: Oral Health in Childhood Erin Hartnett DNP, APRN-BC, CPNP Learning Objectives
More informationOsteological Analysis of Human Remains from The Chapter House, Worcester Cathedral
Osteological Analysis of Human Remains from The Chapter House, Worcester Cathedral A report for Worcester Cathedral December 2003 Mercian Archaeology Project: PJ 112 1. Introduction This report contains
More informationFundamental & Preventive Curvatures of Teeth and Tooth Development. Lecture Three Chapter 15 Continued; Chapter 6 (parts) Dr. Margaret L.
Fundamental & Preventive Curvatures of Teeth and Tooth Development Lecture Three Chapter 15 Continued; Chapter 6 (parts) Dr. Margaret L. Dennis Proximal contact areas Contact areas are on the mesial and
More informationHuman Male Asian Skeleton, Robust
Human Male Asian Skeleton, Robust Product Number: Specimen Evaluated: Skeletal Inventory: SC-287 Original Specimen Near-complete human skeleton with 28 teeth. Osteological Observations: This is a clean,
More informationMIDDLE BRONZE AGE II BURIALS AT SASA, UPPER GALILEE (TOMB 1 AND GRAVES 37, 39)
Atiqot 46, 2004 MIDDLE BRONZE AGE II BURIALS AT SASA, UPPER GALILEE (TOMB 1 AND GRAVES 37, 39) INTRODUCTION In 1976 1977 salvage excavations were carried out at Sasa in the Upper Galilee, after construction
More informationPERINATAL CARE AND ORAL HEALTH
PERINATAL CARE AND ORAL HEALTH Lakshmi Mallavarapu, DDS Terry Reilly Health Services Boise, Idaho CE objectives Recognize the necessity of Oral Care during Perinatal Period Examine and assess teeth and
More informationABSTRACT. KIRKLAND, SCOTT. Dental Pathology at Promtin Tai: an Iron Age Site from Central Thailand. (Under the direction of Dr. Scott Fitzpatrick).
ABSTRACT KIRKLAND, SCOTT. Dental Pathology at Promtin Tai: an Iron Age Site from Central Thailand. (Under the direction of Dr. Scott Fitzpatrick). The aim of this paper is to further understand the dental
More informationANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MUMMIFIED BURIALS FROM SAQQARA
ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MUMMIFIED BURIALS FROM SAQQARA Maria Kaczmarek The main aim of the study was to describe the range of biological variation in craniofacial and dental morphological traits of
More informationSamoan Foodways. Samoan Foodways. Why Samoa? My Involvement. The Samoan Studies Project. The Adaptive Landscape
Samoan Foodways Jim Bindon Department of Anthropology University of Alabama Why Samoa? Island setting ensures population boundaries Well known population ethnographically, ecologically Historical changes
More informationHOW DO DENTAL STUDIES CONTRIBUTE TO THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LIVES OF PAST PEOPLES? Kathleen Whitaker Durham University, Durham, UK
EAA Summer School ebook 1: 27-33 HOW DO DENTAL STUDIES CONTRIBUTE TO THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LIVES OF PAST PEOPLES? Kathleen Whitaker Durham University, Durham, UK Introduction Paleopathology, as a sub-discipline
More informationHuman Male European Disarticulated Skeleton
Human Male European Disarticulated Skeleton Product Number: SCM-192-D Known Information: All bones are associated in this skeleton of a 34-year-old European male, who stood 5' 8" and weighed 185 pounds
More informationNew methods of caries risk assessment and management in children
New methods of caries risk assessment and management in children David Manton BDSc, MDSc, PhD, FRACDS, FICD, FADI Elsdon Storey Chair of Child Dental Health Melbourne Dental School Current thoughts on
More informationChapter 14 Outline. Chapter 14: Hygiene-Related Oral Disorders. Dental Caries. Dental Caries. Prevention. Hygiene-Related Oral Disorders
Chapter 14 Outline Chapter 14: Hygiene-Related Oral Disorders Hygiene-Related Oral Disorders Dental caries Prevention Gingivitis Prevention Tooth hypersensitivity Pathophysiology Treatment 2 Hygiene-Related
More informationClinical UM Guideline
Clinical UM Guideline Subject: Clinical Policy on Dental Prophylaxis Guideline #: 01-101 Current Effective Date: 03/24/2017 Status: New Last Review Date: 02/08/2017 Description This document addresses
More informationAppendix. CPT only copyright 2007 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. NTHSteps Dental Guidelines
Appendix NTHSteps Dental Guidelines N N.1 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Periodicity Guidelines.................. N-2 N.2 American Dental Association Guidelines for Prescribing Dental Radiographs.........
More informationHuman, Male, White, Healed hammer blows
Human, Male, White, Healed hammer blows Product Number: Specimen Evaluated: Skeletal Inventory: BC-217 Bone Clones replica 1 intact cranium General observations: In general, the molding process has preserved
More informationHealthy Mouth, Healthy You. The connection between oral and overall health
Healthy Mouth, Healthy You The connection between oral and overall health Your dental health is part of a bigger picture: whole-body wellness. Learn more about the relationship between your teeth, gums
More informationThe Evolving Global Nutrition Situation: Why Forests and Trees Matter
The Evolving Global Nutrition Situation: Why Forests and Trees Matter Bronwen Powell Pennsylvania State University, USA Areas of Changing Understanding: 1. Forests and Conservation vs. Food Production
More informationOral Health. Links: Other articles related to this theme: Water and Natural Hazards; Water Scarcity; Water Challenges; Water for Positive Health
Oral Health Water, Sanitation and Health Theme Article Links: Other articles related to this theme: Water and Natural Hazards; Water Scarcity; Water Challenges; Water for Positive Health Disease fact files:
More informationBreastfeeding and dental health By Joanna Doherty, NCT breastfeeding counsellor
Issue 34 March 2017 perspective EVIDENCE MADE EASY Contents >> NCT s journal on preparing parents for birth and early parenthood Breastfeeding and dental health By Joanna Doherty, NCT breastfeeding counsellor
More informationChapter 11 Future of Human Evolution
1 Physical Anthropology Dr. Leanna Wolfe Summer 2014 Quiz #15 Chapter 11 Future of Human Evolution 1. T/F The processes of growth and development remain constant, regardless of environmental conditions.
More informationBone Clones Osteological Evaluation Report. 1 intact mandible
Human, Female, Asian Product Number: Specimen Evaluated: Skeletal Inventory: BC-211 Bone Clones replica 1 intact cranium 1 intact mandible General observations: In general, the molding process has preserved
More informationGrowth Arrest Lines among Uxbridge Ossuary Juveniles
27 Growth Arrest Lines among Uxbridge Ossuary Juveniles S. Pfeiffer, K. Stewart and C. Alex Immature right tibial diaphyses from the Uxbridge Ossuary (N= 66) were radiographed in order to determine the
More informationBacterial Plaque and Its Relation to Dental Diseases. As a hygienist it is important to stress the importance of good oral hygiene and
Melissa Rudzinski Preventive Dentistry Shaunda Clark November 2013 Bacterial Plaque and Its Relation to Dental Diseases As a hygienist it is important to stress the importance of good oral hygiene and
More informationMaking No Bones About It! A Lesson on Skeletal Evidence
Making No Bones About It! A Lesson on Skeletal Evidence Introduction Archaeologists can tell a lot about a dead person s life by looking at all the parts of the skeleton. This is why archaeologists are
More informationPrimary Teeth Chapter 18. Dental Anatomy 2016
Primary Teeth Chapter 18 Dental Anatomy 2016 Primary Teeth - Introduction Synonyms deciduous teeth, baby teeth, temporary teeth, milk teeth. There are 20 primary teeth, designated as A thru T in the Universal
More informationMedical NBDE-II. Dental Board Exams Part I.
Medical NBDE-II Dental Board Exams Part I http://killexams.com/exam-detail/nbde-ii Question: 149 Anatomically, the term "clinical root" can be defined as which of the following: A. The space in the tooth
More informationSECTION 6. Odontological Study
SECTION 6. Odontological Study The study of the human dentition in archaeology can provide almost as much information about past populations as that of bones. Teeth can be studied under all the headings
More informationForensic Anthropology: Studying Bones. Forensic Anthropology
Forensic Anthropology: Studying Bones http://people.stu.ca/~mclaugh/skeleton8a.gif Forensic Anthropology Forensic anthropology is the application of the science of physical anthropology and human osteology
More informationHealth and Nutritional Status at CA-SOL-451 (Encinosa Site): Biological Interpretations and Regional Comparisons
Health and Nutritional Status at CA-SOL-451 (Encinosa Site): Biological Interpretations and Regional Comparisons Lisa Bright and Eric J. Bartelink Abstract This study examines evidence of nutritional and
More informationElectronic Dental Records
Electronic Dental Records Dr. Douglas K Benn, Professor of Maxillofacial Radiology & Director of Oral Diagnostic Systems, University of Florida and Health Conundrums LLC 8/2/2008 Dr Benn, University of
More informationOrofacial function of persons having Charcot-Marie Tooth disease
Orofacial function of persons having Charcot-Marie Tooth disease Report from observation charts 10 observation charts Synonym Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy (HMSN), Peroneal muscular atrophy (PMS)
More informationHuman, Male, Single gunshot wound
Human, Male, Single gunshot wound Product Number: Specimen Evaluated: Skeletal Inventory: BC-152 Bone Clones replica 1 intact cranium - left inferior nasal concha absent - middle nasal conchae absent 1
More informationAnthropological Origins
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY and ODONTOLOGY Anthropology Study of Humans Today we meet the ologies! Lyndsay S. Physical Anthropology Study Human Biology Cultural Anthropology Study Social Behavior Forensic Anthropology
More informationHealthful traditional Japanese diet
Healthful traditional Japanese diet Developing in an isolated environment of mountainous islands with four distinct seasons, surrounded by ocean and marine resources and with a rigorous craftsman-like
More informationThe scoring, interpretation and prevalence of dental pathology in a Dutch skeletal sample from the late 18th and early 19th century
The scoring, interpretation and prevalence of dental pathology in a Dutch skeletal sample from the late 18th and early 19th century T.S. Constandse-Westermann, W.H.M. Bouts and Tj. Pot 1. Introduction
More informationHuman, Child (10 years +/- 2.5 years)
Human, Child (10 years +/- 2.5 years) Product Number: Specimen Evaluated: Skeletal Inventory: BC-277 Natural bone specimen One panoramic radiograph (Panorex) 1 intact cranium 1 intact mandible General
More informationORAL HEALTH MECHANISM OF ACTION INFLUENTIAL FACTORS 5/8/2017
ORAL HEALTH Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth & facial pain, oral & throat cancer, oral sores, birth defects such as cleft lip & palate, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth decay & tooth
More informationLessons from the South Pacific: The Samoan Studies Project
Lessons from the South Pacific: The n Studies Project by Jim Bindon, PhD Department of Anthropology University of Alabama Why? ISLAND SETTING ENSURES POPULATION BOUNDARIES WELL KNOWN POPULATION ETHNOGRAPHICALLY,
More informationPaleopathological Findings in Cranial Series from a Necropolis of a Medieval Town of Drustar (Silistra), Bulgaria. Silviya Nikolova.
Doi:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p640 Abstract Paleopathological Findings in Cranial Series from a Necropolis of a Medieval Town of Drustar (Silistra), Bulgaria Silviya Nikolova National Anthropological Museum
More informationAPPENDIX G: THSTEPS DENTAL GUIDELINES
CHILDREN S SERVICES HANDBOOK APPENDIX G: THSTEPS DENTAL GUIDELINES G.1 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Periodicity Guidelines (9 Pages)........ CH-382 G.2 American Dental Association Guidelines
More informationHuman, Child (7 years +/- 2 years)
Human, Child (7 years +/- 2 years) Product Number: Specimen Evaluated: Skeletal Inventory: BC-276 Natural bone specimen One panoramic radiograph (Panorex) 1 intact cranium 1 intact mandible General observations:
More informationCOMMUNITY WATER FLUORIDATION: MYTHS AND FACTS
Fact Sheet March 2011 COMMUNITY WATER FLUORIDATION: MYTHS AND FACTS Myth: The pharmaceutical-grade fluoride (sodium fluoride) used in dentists offices is the same kind that is used to fluoridate city drinking
More informationDental Policy. Subject: Prophylaxis Guideline #: Publish Date: 03/15/2018 Status: Revised Last Review Date: 02/06/2018
Dental Policy Subject: Prophylaxis Guideline #: 01-101 Publish Date: 03/15/2018 Status: Revised Last Review Date: 02/06/2018 Description This document addresses the procedure of dental prophylaxis for
More informationThe Zwolle Teeth: an independent look at the data. 1: Initial research project. 1.1 Approach and sample make-up. Mary Jackes
1 The Zwolle Teeth: an independent look at the data Mary Jackes 1: Initial research project T. S. Constandse-Westermann provided access to a large body of data on the dentitions from an early 19th century
More informationThe human remains from Songo Mnara, Tanzania Season. Kate Robson Brown and Francesca Migliaccio
The human remains from Songo Mnara, Tanzania. 2011 Season. Kate Robson Brown and Francesca Migliaccio March 2012 1 Contents Contents... 2 List of Tables... 3 List of Figures... 4 Introduction... 4 Methods...
More informationCAries Management By Risk Assessment"(CAMBRA) - a must in preventive dentistry
CAries Management By Risk Assessment"(CAMBRA) - a must in preventive dentistry Nanda Kishor KM* *MDS, Reader, Department of Conservative and Endodontics Pacific Dental College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
More informationSAMPLE. Radiology Essential links from CPT codes to ICD-10-CM and HCPCS ICD-10. Cross Coder
Cross Coder www.optumcoding.com Radiology Essential links from CPT codes to ICD-10-CM and HCPCS 2017 a ICD-10 A full suite of resources including the latest code set, mapping products, and expert training
More informationReport on the human inhumation from Campanaio, Province of Agrigento, Sicily (Site code MO97)
Reports from the Environmental Archaeology Unit, York 97/43, 7 pp. Report on the human inhumation from Campanaio, Province of Agrigento, Sicily (Site code MO97) by Cluny Johnstone Summary A single human
More informationAnthropological Investigation of the Bone Remains from the Archaeological Site Samuil Tsar of Bulgaria Monument
Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Anatomical Society Acta morphologica et anthropologica, 22 Sofia 2015 Anthropological Investigation of the Bone Remains
More informationTeeth to Treasure. Grades: 4 to 6
Teeth to Treasure Grades: 4 to 6 What is oral health? It s keeping your teeth, gums and mouth healthy! Why do you suppose this is important? Well, let s take a look at how we use and need our teeth. Appearance
More informationTooth Development in Human Evolution and Bioarchaeology
Tooth Development in Human Evolution and Bioarchaeology Humans grow at a uniquely slow pace compared with other mammals. When and where did this schedule evolve? Have technological advances, farming and
More informationDental Health at Oakwood Mound, Will County, Illinois
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Anthropology Faculty Publications Anthropology, Department of 2008 Dental Health at Oakwood Mound, Will County, Illinois
More informationSmithsonian Institution
Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Department of Anthropology Repatriation Office Documentation of Human Remains at the National Museum of Natural History The Repatriation Office
More informationHealth profiles of a Bronze Age population from northeastern Hungary
ANNALES HISTORICO-NATURALES MUSEI NATIONALIS HUNGARICI Volume 88. Budapest. 1996 pp. 271-296. Health profiles of a Bronze Age population from northeastern Hungary D. H. UBELAKER 1 & I. PAP 2 Department
More informationCHAPTER 13 SKELETAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER 13 SKELETAL SYSTEM Structure and Function Functions of the skeletal system Provides shape and support Protects internal organs Stores minerals and fat Produces blood cells and platelets Assists
More informationfor the public Recommendations TOOTH DECAY AND GUM DISEASE
TOOTH DECAY AND GUM DISEASE Recommendations for the public Highlights of Perio Workshop 2016 on the Boundaries Between Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases - jointly organised by the EFP and ORCA Compiled
More informationIf you are looking for a book Natural Tooth Decay Cure: Simple Treatment Methods to Heal and Prevent Tooth Decay Using Diet and Nutrition (Cure Tooth
Natural Tooth Decay Cure: Simple Treatment Methods To Heal And Prevent Tooth Decay Using Diet And Nutrition (Cure Tooth Decay, Dental Surgery, Tooth Decay Repair, Heal And Prevent Tooth Decay) By Tony
More informationRECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTIVE PEDIATRIC ORAL HEALTH CARE
Department of Health and Human Services MaineCare Services 242 State Street 11 State House Station Augusta, Maine 04333-0011 Tel.: (207) 287-2674; Fax: (207) 287-2675 TTY Users: Dial 711 (Maine Relay)
More information