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Judith Mills
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1 Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol. 2, No. 2 (6), Summer 2010 Pages: (6 ) : - The Effectiveness of Anxiety-Reduction Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques in Treating Paranoid Ideation and Persecutory Delusions in Two Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia 89/7/24 : 89/3/8 : Amirpour, L.*M. A., Tabatabaee, M. Ph. D., Modares-Gharavi, M. Ph.D., Hasanabadi, H. Ph. D. Abstract Introduction: Paranoia and anxiety have cognitive similarities that have led to the development of a brief treatment for paranoia that is modeled on treatments for anxiety. Method: Two patients with paranoid schizophrenia were selected non randomly. SCID, IS and Psychiatric diagnosis was applied. Participants were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 45 days follow up by using Insight Scale (IS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Daily Rating Paranoid Belief and Persecutory Delusion. A multiple based-across-subjects design was used. Data was inspected by figures. Results: Results indicated reduction of paranoid ideations, persecutory delusions, anxiety, and depression by Patient "A", and in paranoid ideations and anxiety by Patient "B". In 45 days follow up assessment Patient "A" continued the reduction of paranoid ideations, persecutory delusions and anxiety. Conclusion: Anxiety-reduction techniques in cognitivebehavioral therapy is affective in reduction of paranoid ideations, persecutory delusions and anxiety associated with them. Keywords: Anxiety-reduction techniques in cognitivebehavioral therapy, paranoid ideations, persecutory delusions. ** * *** ** : : SCID. (IS) (BPRS) (BAI). 45 (BDI). :.. - :. - : *Correspondence layla_amirpour@yahoo.com : * ** ***

2 ... - ١٢ ( ) ) ( ) (.... [ ]..[10].[11] -.[12] 11 (2002) ( ) (2002) 11- Granham 12- Hall 13- Tarrier 14- Turkington 1...[1].[2] % %28 [3] %44 4. [4] ) ( ) 10 (.[3].[5]. ). ( 1- Persecutory delusions 2- Psychotic depression 3- Bipolar disorder 4- Manic episods 5- Anormalous expriences 6- Having feelings of significance 7- Perceptual anomalies 8- Depersonalisation 9- Illusion 10- Coincidences

3 ١٣ - :.[21].[22] : ). ( 2 ) - ( DSM-IV I..[23]. : [12] -. : [ ] 18 [19] 19 [19 15] : -. -.[20] Review and Evaluate evidence 16- Generate Alternative explanations 17- Reality testing 18- Cognitive restructuring by using a hierarchy 19- Relaxation

4 ... - ١٤. BPRS 18 BPRS.... ٢٧. ٢٨ (1980) ٢٩ BPRS ٣٠ [25] (2008) : 10 0/8. 0/83 0/63 5 BPRS. BPRS. BPRS ( 20 20) BPRS.. 0/69 : ٣١ (IS) Hedlund 28- Viwege 29- Rash 30- Fair 31- Insight scale. ) (SCID) -1 :(1997 DSM-IV I DSM-. IV(SCID) DSM-IV.[24 ]. SCID. ٢٠. ٢١. ٢٣ ٢٢ 0/60 [24] SCID. 24 : (BPRS) -2 ٢٥ (1988 ٢٦ ) BPRS 20- Validity 21- Reliability 22- Trann 23- Hagan 24- Brief psychiatry rating scale 25- Overall 26- Gerham

5 ١٥ 0/92 0/86 0/76. 0/60-4 : 100..[19] : ٣٤ (BAI) -5 ( ) (BAI). 21 (BAI) 3 o o 0/80 (1382).[26] 0/91 0/92 0/81.[26] : ٣٥ (BDI) -6 (1967 ) (BDI). 21 (BDI). 3 o 4 63 o.. ٣٢ (1994 ) IS o 4 o 30 (1994) (2008) [25].( α =0/75) 20 0/96 0/90 0/65 0/80 IS. 30 (P<0/04).[25] 40 IS ( 20 20) ٣٣ 34- Beck Anxiety Inventory 35- Beck Depression Inventory 32- Birchwood 33- Test-retest reliability

6 ... - ١٦ BDI,. BAI, BPRS BDI, ( ) BAI, BPRS " " /86 (1988).[27] (BDI) : (M=10/9 SD=8/1) 19 (M=18/7 SD=10/2) (M=25/4 SD=9/6) (BDI) (SD=10/1) 20 (SD=10/1) 24/6.[24] 0/92 0/73.[27] 0/86. : ( : :BPRS BPRS ( : 6 87

7 ١٧ " " 1 8 : ( ) /66 35/33 9/67 10/99 0/39 0/31 " " ( / /99 17/17 0/24 0/ /58 93/57 7/70 7/44 0/13 0/07

8 ... - ١٨. " " BPRS 2 1. " ". : هذيان عقايد " " ( BPRS (1-7) - (1-7) نمره ک يل 0 پيگيري بعدازدرمان خط پايه BPRS " " (2

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13 ٢٣ BDI " " (8 " " (2001) (1997) (1999) 41 (1973) (1994) [19].[ ] [28] CBT [16] 36- Key 37- Jackes 38- Kuipers 39- Chadwick 40- Lowe 41- Watts " " " " -... " "

14 ... - ٢٤ " " BDI [16] BDI BAI. -. " ".. " "... " " -.. " " -. ( ) ( ) 1 " ". BPRS BPRS %50.. [29] (2005) [30] BAI.. BAI BAI. BAI [19]. -. [29] (2005) BAI BDI. " " " " " " BDI. BDI " " [29] (2005)

15 ٢٥ 12 6 " " ) 19 (1999 ) 20 ( ([18] ) [19] (1999) APA (American Psychiatric Association). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. APA: Washington DD p Sartorius N, Jablensky A, Korten A, Ernberg G, Anker M, Cooper JE, Day R. Early Manifestations and First-Contact Incidence of Schizophrenia in Different Cultures: A Preliminary Report on the Initial Evaluation Phase of the WHO Collaborative Study on Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders. Psycho Med. 1986; 16(4): Freeman D. Suspicious minds: The psychology of persecutory delusions. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007; (27): Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic-depressive illness. New York, NY: Oxford University Press p Van der Gaag M. A neuropsychiatric model of biological and psychological process of delusions and auditory hallucination. Schizophrenia Bull. 2006; (32): Sensky 43- Pinto 44- Haddock " ". " ". [19].. (1998) 27. " ".. " "..

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Major advances in the pharmacological treatment

Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia Tracy D. Eells, Ph.D. Major advances in the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia in the past several decades have overshadowed a small but steady and encouraging line