BIOAVAILABLE testosterone levels in men decrease by

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "BIOAVAILABLE testosterone levels in men decrease by"

Transcription

1 X/99/$03.00/0 Vol. 84, No. 2 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 1999 by The Endocrine Society Bioavailable Testosterone and Depressed Mood in Older Men: The Rancho Bernardo Study ELIZABETH BARRETT-CONNOR, DENISE G. VON MÜHLEN, AND DONNA KRITZ-SILVERSTEIN Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ABSTRACT A cross-sectional population-based study examined the association between endogenous sex hormones and depressed mood in community-dwelling older men. Participants included 856 men, ages yr, who attended a clinic visit between Total and bioavailable testosterone, total and bioavailable estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in an endocrinology research laboratory. Depressed mood was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Levels of bioavailable testosterone and bioavailable estradiol decreased with age, but total testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and total estradiol did not. BDI scores increased with age. Low bioavailable testosterone levels and high BDI scores were associated with weight loss and lack of physical activity, but not BIOAVAILABLE testosterone levels in men decrease by as much as 40% between the ages of 40 and 70 (1, 2). The prevalence of depressed mood also increases in old age (3, 4). The possibility that the testosterone-mood association is causal has been examined in studies of hypogonadal men. Burris and colleagues (5) reported that six profoundly hypogonadal men scored significantly higher on self-reported depression scores than eugonadal men; with androgen treatment the mood scores decreased, although they did not return to normal. More recently, Wang et al. (6) reported that testosterone therapy significantly improved mood scores in 51 hypogonadal men. Testosterone levels were associated with mood scores only in the baseline period when testosterone levels were below normal. This paper reports our investigations on whether plasma testosterone levels were related to depressed mood or categorical depression in 856 community-dwelling older men unselected for hypogonadism. Subjects and Methods Between 1972 and 1974, 82% of adult residents in Rancho Bernardo, a southern California community, were enrolled in a study of heart disease risk factors. In , 82% of the surviving communitydwelling residents attended a clinic visit primarily designed to study diabetes. The present report includes the 856 men aged yr at the Received August 19, Revision received November 9, Accepted November 12, Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California * This research was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease Grant DK31801 and the National Institute of Aging Grant AG with cigarette smoking or alcohol intake. By linear regression or quartile analysis the BDI score was significantly and inversely associated with bioavailable testosterone (both P s 0.007), independent of age, weight change, and physical activity; similar associations were seen for dihydrotestosterone (P and P 0.09, respectively). Bioavailable testosterone levels were 17% lower for the 25 men with categorically defined depression than levels observed in all other men (P 0.01). Neither total nor bioavailable estradiol was associated with depressed mood. These results suggest that testosterone treatment might improve depressed mood in older men who have low levels of bioavailable testosterone. A clinical trial is necessary to test this hypothesis. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: , 1999) time of the visit who had fasted the requested 12 h, who were not using sex hormone therapy, whose endogenous sex hormones were measured, and who completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (7). This includes 81% of all age-eligible participants. All men were ambulatory, and all gave written, informed consent. A standardized interview was used to obtain information on current lifestyle, including physical activity (exercise three or more times per week), cigarette smoking (yes/no), and alcohol consumption (number of drinks of beer, wine, or liquor converted to grams of alcohol per week). Previous studies have indirectly validated these reported behaviors by showing a negative correlation between cigarette smoking and pulmonary function (8), positive correlations between alcohol use and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and liver function tests (9), and positive correlations between reported physical activity and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (10). In the clinic, height, weight, and waist and hip circumference were measured, with the participants wearing light clothing and no shoes. Body mass index [weight (Kg)/height (m 2 )] was used as an estimate of obesity. The waist-to-hip (cm/cm) ratio was used as an estimate of central adiposity. Weight change was calculated as weight measured in visit subtracted from weight measured in Information on depressed mood was obtained using 18 of the 21 items of the BDI (7). Three items (guilt, expectation of punishment, and selfhate) were excluded from the questionnaire because studies have suggested that as many as three fourths of the items from highly reliable measures can be dropped without much loss in sensitivity or specificity (11), and other studies have reported on the validity of a 13-item shortform BDI (12). Therefore, the use of an 18-item scale should not compromise its validity. Total scores on the BDI were computed by summing the responses to each question. Higher scores are indicative of depressed mood. These scores were then proportionally adjusted to correspond to scores and cutpoints previously established for the full 21-item scale. In this cohort, reliability as assessed by Cronbach s was 0.75, which is comparable to the reliability obtained using samples of elderly community volunteers ( 0.76) and depressed outpatients ( 0.73) (13). The BDI was completed before the venipuncture. Blood was obtained in the morning, between 0730 and 1100 h, after a requested 12-h fast. Samples of plasma were frozen in polypropylene tubes at 70 C, specifically for later assay of sex hormones. The season of plasma collection was noted. Between , sex hormones were 573

2 574 BARRETT-CONNOR ET AL. JCE&M 1999 Vol 84 No 2 measured by radioimmunoassay in the endocrinology research laboratory of S. S. C. Yen (University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA) using first-thawed specimens. Duration of storage was calculated as year when samples were assayed minus year of clinical visit (when samples were collected and frozen). Bioavailable testosterone and bioavailable estradiol were determined using a method modified from Tremblay and Dube (14). The sensitivity and the inter- and intraassay coefficients of variation in this laboratory were 0.13 nmol/l, 4% and 6.8% for testosterone; pmol/l, 5.9% and 7.4% for estradiol; 0.12 nmol/l, 7.5% and 7.5% for dihydrotestosterone (DHT); 0.13 nmol/l, 5.8% and 7.6% for bioavailable testosterone; and pmol/l, 3.7% and 5.2% for bioavailable estradiol. Nine men had estradiol and bioavailable estradiol values below the sensitivity of the assay; five men had values below the sensitivity of the assay for testosterone and its bioavailable fraction. Men with undetectable levels were assigned levels just below the sensitivity of the assay for this analysis. Results Data were analyzed with SPSS and SAS (15, 16). The BDI score was used as a continuous measure of depressed mood and as a categorical variable measure of clinical depression, defined as a score 13. All sex hormones were normally distributed and did not require log transformation. Analyses were performed with and without 22 subjects whose sex hormone levels were more than 3 sd from the mean, with similar results; these subjects were included in the analyses shown. Body mass index and weight change were highly positively correlated (r 0.84, P 0.001); weight change was used in these analyses because it was more highly correlated with BDI. Age-specific mean sex hormone levels were calculated, and linear trends were tested across age categories using analyses of variance and linear contrasts. Age-adjusted and multiply-adjusted (for age, weight change or current BMI, exercise, smoking, and alcohol intake) sex hormone concentrations and covariates were compared by quartile of BDI using analyses of covariance. Age-adjusted and multiply-adjusted (for age, weight change, exercise, smoking, and alcohol intake) mean BDI scores were compared by quartile of sex hormone levels using analyses of covariance. Linear trends across quartiles were tested using linear contrasts. Pearson s age-adjusted partial correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the association between sex hormones and age, BMI, weight change, cigarettes per day, and BDI. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between sex hormones and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory after adjusting for potentially confounding covariates. All statistical tests were two-tailed. The mean age of these 856 men was 70.2 yr (sd 9.2). As shown in Table 1, bioavailable testosterone and bioavailable estradiol decreased significantly with increasing age, while total testosterone, total estradiol, and DHT did not. Mean BDI scores increased with age. Table 2 shows the distributions of potentially confounding covariates by BDI quartile. In addition to age, loss of body weight and lack of regular exercise were each associated with higher BDI scores (P 0.01). Smoking, alcohol intake, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio did not vary by BDI quartile. Among these same variables, only weight loss and regular exercise varied significantly with sex hormones (P s 0.05, data not shown). Table 3 shows the age-adjusted and multiply-adjusted mean hormone levels by quartile of BDI. After adjustment for age, a significant negative trend in BDI score was seen only for bioavailable testosterone; the association persisted after additional adjustment for change of body weight and regular exercise. In similarly adjusted models, decreasing total testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were weakly associated with increasing BDI scores. Total estradiol and its bioavailable fraction did not vary significantly with BDI in any analysis. Figure 1 shows mean BDI score by quartile of each sex hormone adjusted for age, weight change, and lack of physical activity. A significant negative trend in BDI score was observed for testosterone (P.04), bioavailable testosterone (P.005), and DHT (P.02). No significant trends were observed for mean BDI score and estradiol or bioavailable estradiol. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for age, change in body weight, and regular exercise also showed a significant inverse association of BDI with bioavailable testosterone (P 0.007) and DHT (P 0.048) (Table 4). BDI was not significantly associated with total testosterone, total estradiol, or bioavailable estradiol. Only 25 men in this cohort had clinical depression as defined by BDI, with a score of 13 and/or current use of antidepressants; these men had lower levels of bioavailable testosterone than all other men (2.83 nmol/l (sd 1.2) vs nmol/l (sd 1.1), respectively, P 0.01). Season was not a confounder in these analyses. Only estradiol and bioavailable estradiol levels varied by season when plasma was collected, with higher levels in fall and winter; depressed mood did not vary by season of testing in this cohort (data not shown). Sex hormone levels in this study did not vary by duration of plasma storage. Discussion As reported previously from this cohort of communitydwelling older men (17) and elsewhere (18, 19), bioavailable testosterone levels decrease much more with age than does total testosterone or estradiol levels. The decrease in bioavailable testosterone parallels the increase in sex hormone TABLE 1. Age-specific mean (SD) sex hormone levels and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in 856 men, The Rancho Bernardo Study, n n n n 155 Testosterone (nmol/l) (3.07) (3.12) (3.76) (4.40) 0.95 Bioavailable testosterone 4.27 (1.09) 3.65 (0.97) 3.18 (0.99) 2.61 (1.07) 0.00 Estradiol (pmol/l) (21.65) (21.65) (26.43) (27.53) 0.73 Bioavailable estradiol (pmol/l) (15.42) (15.05) (16.52) (17.25) 0.00 DHT (nmol/l) 1.47 (0.58) 1.44 (0.55) 1.54 (0.65) 1.55 (0.72) 0.08 BDI score 3.3 (3.2) 4.1 (3.4) 4.9 (3.4) 5.6 (3.3) 0.00 P for trend

3 TESTOSTERONE AND DEPRESSION IN OLDER MEN 575 TABLE 2. Age and other potentially confounding variables by quartile of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in 856 men, The Rancho Bernardo Study, ( 2.33) n ( ) n 226 Quartile of BDI scores 3 ( ) n ( 5.83) n 213 Age BMI Waist-to-hip ratio Weight change (Kg) (visit 4 minus visit 1) Current regular exercise (%) Current smoker (%) Alcohol gm/past wk (among drinkers) P for trend TABLE 3. Adjusted sex hormone mean by quartile of Beck Depression Inventory 1 ( 2.33) n ( ) n 226 Quartile of BDI scores 3 ( ) n ( 5.83) n 213 Testosterone (nmol/l) age-adjusted age, reg exercise, wt change Bioavailable testosterone (nmol/l) age-adjusted age, reg exercise, wt change Estradiol (pmol/l) age-adjusted age, reg exercise, wt change Bioavailable Estradiol (pmol/l) age-adjusted age, reg exercise, wt change DHT (nmol/l) age-adjusted age, reg exercise, wt change P trend binding globulin with age, a change that accompanies increasing body fat independent of weight change (20). The prevalence of depressive symptoms increases with age in community-dwelling older adults (3, 4). In the Rancho Bernardo cohort, the average BDI scores for each decade were relatively low (Table 1) compared with other communitybased studies (21, 22). The relatively low BDI scores in this cohort likely reflect the inverse association between socioeconomic status and depression (23); more than 80% of the Rancho Bernardo men were middle or upper-middle class, based on a summary score of occupation and education (24). On average, hormone levels in Rancho Bernardo were somewhat lower than levels reported in Massachusetts (25), possibly reflecting the older age of our cohort or the higher sensitivity of our assay. Despite the low BDI scores, there was a graded stepwise decrease in bioavailable testosterone with increasing level of depressed mood. This association was independent of age, weight change, and physical activity, the only three significant confounding covariates of the association between sex hormone levels and BDI scores. The testosterone-bdi association was present throughout the whole range of BDI scores; it was not explained by the 25 men who had categorically defined depression and who had bioavailable testosterone levels that were, on average, 0.58 nmol/l lower than all other men. To our knowledge, no other large studies have examined the bioavailable testosterone-depressed mood association in community-dwelling older men. Previous studies of sex hormones and depression in men, including clinical trials, have yielded mixed results, possibly reflecting the different patient populations and androgen assays. In one of the earliest such studies, Sachar et al. (26) studied 15 severely depressed men who improved on electroshock therapy or chloral hydrate, but they found no change in plasma testosterone after treatment. In the first study with a control group, Vogel et al. (27) reported that both total and free testosterone were significantly lower in 27 men with primary unipolar (neurotic) depression compared with 13 age-matched controls. Rubin et al. (28) also reported lower nocturnal testosterone levels in 9 depressed men compared with 6 nondepressed men, but the differences were not statistically significant. In 1985, Yesavage (29) found that plasma testosterone levels correlated with the severity of depression in 18 men who had major depression. In a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in 56 healthy older men who were randomly assigned to testosterone patches or placebo patches designed to restore physiologic levels of testosterone, Janowsky and colleagues (30) found no effect on mood as measured by the Profile of Mood States, a standardized self-rating scale (31). A study of male body builders who were self-administering androgen (32) found that men who had the highest serum testosterone levels had the lowest BDI scores. However, a double-blind, randomized trial (33) reported no effect of supraphysiologic doses (600 mg) of testosterone enanthate in healthy young men on an unspecified mood inventory.

4 576 BARRETT-CONNOR ET AL. JCE&M 1999 Vol 84 No 2 FIG. 1. Mean BDI score adjusted for age, regular exercise, and change of body weight by quartile of sex hormone. TABLE 4. Linear regression adjusted association between sex hormones and BDI scores among 856 men, The Rancho Bernardo Study Sex hormone The present study has several limitations. Because this is a cross-sectional study, we cannot exclude the possibility that depressed mood lowers testosterone directly or indirectly through weight loss or inactivity. This study is based on a single hormone assay; stronger associations might be observed if hormonal status included more samples obtained on a single day or over multiple days. Although Bremner et al. (34) reported no circadian variation in testosterone levels among older men, all plasma samples for the present study were obtained in the morning after a 12-h fast. Although there was an 82% participation rate, selective nonparticipation by men who were clinically depressed is plausible. This would be expected to reduce B Adjusted a SE B Testosterone Bioavailable testosterone Estradiol Bioavailable estradiol DHT a Adjusted for age, weight change between visit 1 and visit 4, and regular exercise. P the observed association, because the high end of depressed mood scores would be truncated. This study is based on a single hormone assay, and the classification of depression or depressed mood is based only on one standardized instrument. However, testosterone levels appear to be highly repeatable (35), and BDI score has been shown to be remarkably valid in studies of older adults (13). In this cohort a higher BDI score was indirectly validated by its association with weight loss; depressed men, in contrast to depressed women, are likely to lose weight (36). The association of depression with lack of physical exercise has been reported previously (37); it is unclear whether physical activity prevents depression or whether depressed people become sedentary. It is biologically plausible that testosterone has an effect on depression. As reviewed elsewhere (38), androgen and estrogen binding sites overlap in the brain. Testosterone in the brain is extensively converted to estradiol and DHT, which binds to androgen receptors (39). The complete absence of an association between circulating estradiol and mood scores makes the thesis that the testosterone mood association is mediated by aromatization to estradiol unattractive but does not entirely exclude it. Clinical trials are needed to further assess this association.

5 TESTOSTERONE AND DEPRESSION IN OLDER MEN 577 References 1. Davidson JM, Chen JJ, Crapo L, Gray GD, Greenleaf WJ, Catania JA Hormonal changes and sexual function in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 57: Vermeulen A The aging male. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 73: Murrell SA, Himmelfarb S, Wright K Prevalence of depression and its correlates in older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 117: Blazer D, Burchett B, Service C, George L The association of age and depression among the elderly: an epidemiological exploration. J Gerontol. 46:M210 M Burris AS, Banks SM, Carter CS, Davidson JM, Sherins RJ A long-term, prospective study of the physiologic and behavioral effects of hormone replacement in untreated hypogonadal men. J Androl. 13: Wang C, Alexander G, Berman N, et al Testosterone replacement therapy improves mood in hypogonadal men a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 81: Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 4: Frette C, Barrett-Connor E, Clausen JL Effect of active and passive smoking on ventilatory function in elderly men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 143: Barrett-Connor E, Suarez L A community study of alcohol and other factors associated with the distribution of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in older vs. younger men. Am J Epidemiol. 115: Reaven PD, McPhillips JB, Barrett-Connor E, Criqui MH Leisure time exercise and lipid and lipoprotein levels in older population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 38: Shrout PE, Yager TJ Reliability and validity of screening scales: effect of reducing scale length. J Clin Epidemiol. 42: Reynolds WM, Gould JW A psychometric investigation of the standard and short form Beck Depression Inventory. J Consult Clin Psychol. 49: Gallagher D, Nies G, Thompson LW Reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory with older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 50: Tremblay RR, Dube JY Plasma concentrations of free and non-tebg bound testosterone in women on oral contraceptives. Contraception. 10: SPSS Inc SPSS Base 7 for Windows user s guide. Chicago, IL. 16. SAS Institute Inc SAS/STAT user s guide, version 6, ed 4. Cary, NC: SAS Institute. 17. Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E Sex hormones and age: a cross-sectional study of testosterone, estradiol and their bioavailable fractions in communitydwelling men. Am J Epidemiol. 147: Vermeulen A, Kaufman JM Aging of the hypothalamo-pituitarytesticular axis in men. Horm Res. 43: Gray A, Feldman HA, McKinlay JB, Longcope C Age, disease and changing sex hormones levels in middle-aged men: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 73: Longcope C, Goldfield SRW, Brambilla DJ, McKinlay J Androgens, estrogens, and sex hormone binding globulin in middle-aged men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 71: Paolo AM, Troster AI, Ryan JJ California Verbal Learning Test: normative data for the elderly. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 19: Tandberg E, Larsen JP, Aarsland D, Cummings JL The occurrence of depression in Parkinson s disease: a community-based study. Arch Neurol. 53: Rabbitt P, Donlan C, Watson P, McInnes L, Bent N Unique and interactive effects of depression, age, socioeconomic advantage, and gender on cognitive performance of normal healthy older people. Psychol Aging. 10: Hollingshead AB Two factor index of social position. Privately published. 25. Gray A, Jackson DN, McKinlay JB. 1991b The relation between dominance, anger, and hormones in normally aging men: results from the Massachusetts male aging study. Psychosom Med. 53: Sachar EJ Plasma and urinary testosterone levels in depressed men. Arch En Psyche. 28: Vogel W, Clabber EL, Broverman DM Roles of the gonadal steroids hormones in psychiatric depression in men and women. Prog Neuropsychopathol. 2: Rubin RT Sex steroid hormone dynamics in endogenous depression: a review. J Ment Health. 10: Yesavage JA, Davidson J, Widrow L, Berger PA Plasma testosterone levels, depression, sexuality, and age. Biol Psychiatry. 20: Janowsky J, Oviatt SK, Orwoll ES Testosterone influences spatial cognition in older men. Behav Neurol. 108: McNair DM, Lorr M, Droppleman LF Profile of mood states manual. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Services. 32. Dickerman RD, Mcconathy WJ Testosterone, vasopressin and depression. Prog Neuropsychol. 21: Bhasin S, Storer TW, Berman N, et al The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. N Engl J Med. 335: Bremner WJ, Vitiello MV, Prinz PN Loss of circadian rhythmicity in blood testosterone levels with aging in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 56: Dai WS, Kuller LH, La Porte RE, Gutai JP, Falvo-Gerard L, Caggiula A The epidemiology of plasma testosterone levels in middle-aged men. Am J Epidemiol. 114: Frank E, Carpenter LL, Kupfer DJ Sex differences in recurrent depression: are there any that are significant? Am J Psychiatry. 145: Palinkas LA, Wingard DH, Barrett-Connor E Chronic illness and depressive symptoms in the elderly: a population-based study. J Clin Epidemiol. 43: McEwen BS Our changing ideas about steroids effects on an ever changing brain. Semin Neurosci. 3: McEwen BS Neural gonadal steroid actions. Science. 211:

testosterone and LH concentrations in the morning ( hours) and evening ( hours).

testosterone and LH concentrations in the morning ( hours) and evening ( hours). Original Article SERUM TESTOSTERONE AND LH IN HEALTHY MEN BOYCE et al. Are published normal ranges of serum testosterone too high? Results of a cross-sectional survey of serum testosterone and luteinizing

More information

Serum uric acid levels improve prediction of incident Type 2 Diabetes in individuals with impaired fasting glucose: The Rancho Bernardo Study

Serum uric acid levels improve prediction of incident Type 2 Diabetes in individuals with impaired fasting glucose: The Rancho Bernardo Study Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online June 9, 2009 Serum uric acid and incident DM2 Serum uric acid levels improve prediction of incident Type 2 Diabetes in individuals with impaired fasting

More information

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults The CARDIA Study Susan G. Lakoski, MD, MS; David M. Herrington, MD, MHS; David M. Siscovick, MD, MPH; Stephen

More information

Changes and clinical significance of serum vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes

Changes and clinical significance of serum vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes Changes and clinical significance of serum vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes L. Yang*, S.J. Chen*, G.Y. Yuan, D. Wang and J.J. Chen Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu

More information

Update on diagnosis and complications of adult and elderly male hypogonadism

Update on diagnosis and complications of adult and elderly male hypogonadism Hypoandrogenism in the elderly: to treat or not to treat? 12 th Italian AME Meeting; 6 th joint Meeting with AAC Bari november 10th Update on diagnosis and complications of adult and elderly male hypogonadism

More information

An Evidence-based Review of Clinical Trial Data

An Evidence-based Review of Clinical Trial Data An Evidence-based Review of Clinical Trial Data Karen K. Miller, MD Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 1 Rationale for Investigating Androgen Administration in Women: Data

More information

BIOLOGICALLY plausible mechanisms derived from animal

BIOLOGICALLY plausible mechanisms derived from animal 0021-972X/99/$03.00/0 Vol. 84, No. 10 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 1999 by The Endocrine Society Endogenous Sex Hormones and Cognitive Function in Older

More information

Gonadal Hormones and Gonadotrophins in healthy males beyond forty years Abdul Jalil Ansari 1, SAM Golam Kibria 2, Fakhrul Islam 3

Gonadal Hormones and Gonadotrophins in healthy males beyond forty years Abdul Jalil Ansari 1, SAM Golam Kibria 2, Fakhrul Islam 3 Original Article Gonadal Hormones and Gonadotrophins in healthy males beyond forty years Abdul Jalil Ansari 1, SAM Golam Kibria 2, Fakhrul Islam 3 Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi 1, Bangabandhu Sheikh

More information

Hemoglobin A1C and diabetes diagnosis: The Rancho Bernardo Study

Hemoglobin A1C and diabetes diagnosis: The Rancho Bernardo Study Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online October 16, 2009 Hemoglobin A1c and diabetes Hemoglobin A1C and diabetes diagnosis: The Rancho Bernardo Study Running Title: Hemoglobin A1c and diabetes

More information

ARCHIVING THE RANCHO BERNARDO STUDY OF HEALTHY AGING

ARCHIVING THE RANCHO BERNARDO STUDY OF HEALTHY AGING ARCHIVING THE RANCHO BERNARDO STUDY OF HEALTHY AGING Principle Investigators: Linda K McEvoy, PhD and Gail A Laughlin, PhD Funded by NIA grant RF1AG054067 Rancho Bernardo Study: The Beginning Founded in

More information

ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND LIFESTYLE IN OLDER ADULTS

ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND LIFESTYLE IN OLDER ADULTS CHAPTER 5 ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND LIFESTYLE IN OLDER ADULTS J. AM. GERIATR. SOC. 2013;61(6):882 887 DOI: 10.1111/JGS.12261 61 ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER,

More information

Sexual Dysfunction. Jae Il Kang, Byeong Kuk Ham, Mi Mi Oh, Je Jong Kim, Du Geon Moon. DOI: /kju

Sexual Dysfunction. Jae Il Kang, Byeong Kuk Ham, Mi Mi Oh, Je Jong Kim, Du Geon Moon.  DOI: /kju www.kjurology.org DOI:10.4111/kju.2011.52.6.416 Sexual Dysfunction Correlation between Serum Total Testosterone and the AMS and IIEF Questionnaires in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction with Testosterone

More information

Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in Japanese: analysis by survey season

Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in Japanese: analysis by survey season University of Massachusetts Amherst From the SelectedWorks of Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar Summer August 19, 2009 Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in Japanese: analysis

More information

Body mass decrease after initial gain following smoking cessation

Body mass decrease after initial gain following smoking cessation International Epidemiological Association 1998 Printed in Great Britain International Journal of Epidemiology 1998;27:984 988 Body mass decrease after initial gain following smoking cessation Tetsuya Mizoue,

More information

TESTOSTERONE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN MEN 685

TESTOSTERONE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN MEN 685 TESTOSTERONE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN MEN 685 and bioavailable testosterone, SHBG, insulin, and cardiovascular risk factors in men, intervention studies are needed. Up to now, few clirùcal trials have

More information

Disclosures. Learning Objectives. Effects of Hormone Therapy on the Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease. None

Disclosures. Learning Objectives. Effects of Hormone Therapy on the Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease. None Effects of Hormone Therapy on the Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Micol S. Rothman, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Director Metabolic Bone

More information

Introduction to results on Seasonal Changes in Cholesterol

Introduction to results on Seasonal Changes in Cholesterol Introduction to results on Seasonal Changes in Cholesterol Ed Stanek - May 2001 Introduction This report summarizes results relative to seasonal changes in cholesterol, and provides alternative results

More information

A dro r gen e R e R p e lac a e c m e e m n e t t T her e a r p a y Androgen Replacement Therapy in the Aging O j b ecti t ve v s Male

A dro r gen e R e R p e lac a e c m e e m n e t t T her e a r p a y Androgen Replacement Therapy in the Aging O j b ecti t ve v s Male Androgen Replacement Therapy in the Aging Male Thomas J. Walsh, MD, MS Department of Urology University of California, San Francisco Objectives 1. List 3 effects of androgens on normal male physiology.

More information

Looking Toward State Health Assessment.

Looking Toward State Health Assessment. CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH Policy, Planning and Analysis. Looking Toward 2000 - State Health Assessment. Table of Contents Glossary Maps Appendices Publications Public Health Code PP&A Main

More information

Point-Counterpoint: Late Onset Hypogonadism (LOH)

Point-Counterpoint: Late Onset Hypogonadism (LOH) Point-Counterpoint: Late Onset Hypogonadism (LOH) We are Under-diagnosing and Treating Men with LOH LOH is a Non-existent Disease ~ Robert E. Donohue, MD Late Onset Hypogonadism LOH: underdx. & undertx

More information

Supplementary Online Content

Supplementary Online Content Supplementary Online Content Larsen JR, Vedtofte L, Jakobsen MSL, et al. Effect of liraglutide treatment on prediabetes and overweight or obesity in clozapine- or olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia

More information

Testosterone Therapy in Men An update

Testosterone Therapy in Men An update Testosterone Therapy in Men An update SANDEEP DHINDSA Associate Professor of Medicine Director, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Presenter Disclosure None

More information

EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONE AND LIFE- STYLE COUNSELING FOR LONG TERM WEIGHT CONTROL AMONG OVERWEIGHT EMPLOYEES

EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONE AND  LIFE- STYLE COUNSELING FOR LONG TERM WEIGHT CONTROL AMONG OVERWEIGHT EMPLOYEES CHAPTER 5: EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONE AND E-MAIL LIFE- STYLE COUNSELING FOR LONG TERM WEIGHT CONTROL AMONG OVERWEIGHT EMPLOYEES Marieke F. van Wier, J. Caroline Dekkers, Ingrid J.M. Hendriksen, Martijn W.

More information

Why Women Have Less Heart Disease Than Men and How Diabetes Modifies Women s Usual Cardiac Protection

Why Women Have Less Heart Disease Than Men and How Diabetes Modifies Women s Usual Cardiac Protection REVIEW greview j Why Women Have Less Heart Disease Than Men and How Diabetes Modifies Women s Usual Cardiac Protection A 40-Year Rancho Bernardo Cohort Study Elizabeth Barrett-Connor La Jolla, CA, USA

More information

PRISM Bruges June Herman Leliefeld Urologist. The Netherlands

PRISM Bruges June Herman Leliefeld Urologist. The Netherlands PRISM Bruges 25-26 June 2015 Herman Leliefeld Urologist The Netherlands Guidelines EAU 2015: a rich source of Knowledge! Epidemiology/ Aetiology / Pathology Diagnostic evaluation Disease management Follow-Up

More information

Title: Elevated depressive symptoms in metabolic syndrome in a general population of Japanese men: a cross-sectional study

Title: Elevated depressive symptoms in metabolic syndrome in a general population of Japanese men: a cross-sectional study Author's response to reviews Title: Elevated depressive symptoms in metabolic syndrome in a general population of Japanese men: a cross-sectional study Authors: Atsuko Sekita (atsekita@med.kyushu-u.ac.jp)

More information

SHORT COMMUNICATION. Keywords Anxiety. Depression. Diabetes. Obesity. Diabetologia (2010) 53: DOI /s

SHORT COMMUNICATION. Keywords Anxiety. Depression. Diabetes. Obesity. Diabetologia (2010) 53: DOI /s Diabetologia (2010) 53:467 471 DOI 10.1007/s00125-009-1628-9 SHORT COMMUNICATION Symptoms of depression but not anxiety are associated with central obesity and cardiovascular disease in people with type

More information

6/14/2010. GnRH=Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone.

6/14/2010. GnRH=Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone. Male Androgen Replacement Mitchell Sorsby, MD June 19, 2010. QUESTION # 1 Which of the following is not a symptom associated with low T levels? a) decreased libido b) erectile dysfunction c) depression

More information

Why Do We Treat Obesity? Epidemiology

Why Do We Treat Obesity? Epidemiology Why Do We Treat Obesity? Epidemiology Epidemiology of Obesity U.S. Epidemic 2 More than Two Thirds of US Adults Are Overweight or Obese 87.5 NHANES Data US Adults Age 2 Years (Crude Estimate) Population

More information

Dietary Fatty Acids and the Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Women

Dietary Fatty Acids and the Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Women 07/14/2010 Dietary Fatty Acids and the Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Women First Author: Wang Short Title: Dietary Fatty Acids and Hypertension Risk in Women Lu Wang, MD, PhD, 1 JoAnn E.

More information

HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) is one of

HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) is one of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2010; 64: 279 283 doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02079.x Regular Article Low serum HDL-cholesterol levels are associated with long symptom duration in patients with

More information

8/10/2012. Education level and diabetes risk: The EPIC-InterAct study AIM. Background. Case-cohort design. Int J Epidemiol 2012 (in press)

8/10/2012. Education level and diabetes risk: The EPIC-InterAct study AIM. Background. Case-cohort design. Int J Epidemiol 2012 (in press) Education level and diabetes risk: The EPIC-InterAct study 50 authors from European countries Int J Epidemiol 2012 (in press) Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic

More information

Impact of Physical Activity on Metabolic Change in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Impact of Physical Activity on Metabolic Change in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients 2012 International Conference on Life Science and Engineering IPCBEE vol.45 (2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2012. V45. 14 Impact of Physical Activity on Metabolic Change in Type

More information

Evaluation and Treatment of Primary Androgen Deficiency Syndrome in Male Patients

Evaluation and Treatment of Primary Androgen Deficiency Syndrome in Male Patients Evaluation and Treatment of Primary Androgen Deficiency Syndrome in Male Patients Jeff Unger, MD Director Chino Medical Group Diabetes and Headache Intervention Center Chino, California January 16, 2008

More information

Randomized controlled trial of physical activity counseling as an aid to smoking cessation: 12 month follow-up

Randomized controlled trial of physical activity counseling as an aid to smoking cessation: 12 month follow-up Addictive Behaviors 32 (2007) 3060 3064 Short communication Randomized controlled trial of physical activity counseling as an aid to smoking cessation: 12 month follow-up Michael Ussher a,, Robert West

More information

Metabolic Syndrome Update The Metabolic Syndrome: Overview. Global Cardiometabolic Risk

Metabolic Syndrome Update The Metabolic Syndrome: Overview. Global Cardiometabolic Risk Metabolic Syndrome Update 21 Marc Cornier, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes University of Colorado Denver Denver Health Medical Center The Metabolic

More information

ARIC STUDY MANUSCRIPT PROPOSAL # 714. PC Reviewed: 03/07/00 Status: Deferred Priority: SC Reviewed: Status: Priority:

ARIC STUDY MANUSCRIPT PROPOSAL # 714. PC Reviewed: 03/07/00 Status: Deferred Priority: SC Reviewed: Status: Priority: 1 ARIC STUDY MANUSCRIPT PROPOSAL # 714 PC Reviewed: 03/07/00 Status: Deferred Priority: SC Reviewed: Status: Priority: 1. a. Full Title: Effect of menopausal status on mood: The influence of demographic

More information

66 M with erectile dysfunction and abnormal labs RAJESH JAIN ENDORAMA 10/29/2015

66 M with erectile dysfunction and abnormal labs RAJESH JAIN ENDORAMA 10/29/2015 66 M with erectile dysfunction and abnormal labs RAJESH JAIN ENDORAMA 10/29/2015 HPI 66 M presenting as a referral for erectile dysfunction and abnormal labs Has been seeing a facility specializing in

More information

The association of time of day and serum testosterone concentration in a large screening population

The association of time of day and serum testosterone concentration in a large screening population Original Article TIME OF DAY AD SERUM TESTOSTEROE LEVEL I A LARGE SCREEIG POPULATIO CRAWFORD et al. Authors from the USA reviewed semen samples for their ational Prostate Cancer Awareness screening programme.

More information

Elderly Norms for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised*

Elderly Norms for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised* The Clinical Neuropsychologist -//-$., Vol., No., pp. - Swets & Zeitlinger Elderly Norms for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised* Rodney D. Vanderploeg, John A. Schinka, Tatyana Jones, Brent J. Small,

More information

Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies

Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies Prospective Studies Collaboration* Summary Background The main associations of body-mass

More information

Dietary soy intake and changes of mammographic density in premenopausal Chinese women

Dietary soy intake and changes of mammographic density in premenopausal Chinese women Dietary soy intake and changes of mammographic density in premenopausal Chinese women 2010 WCRF International Conference, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: Current Challenges, New Horizons

More information

BMI may underestimate the socioeconomic gradient in true obesity

BMI may underestimate the socioeconomic gradient in true obesity 8 BMI may underestimate the socioeconomic gradient in true obesity Gerrit van den Berg, Manon van Eijsden, Tanja G.M. Vrijkotte, Reinoud J.B.J. Gemke Pediatric Obesity 2013; 8(3): e37-40 102 Chapter 8

More information

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BMI, TOTAL TESTOSTERONE, SEX HORMONE-BINDING-GLOBULIN, LEPTIN, INSULIN AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESE MEN

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BMI, TOTAL TESTOSTERONE, SEX HORMONE-BINDING-GLOBULIN, LEPTIN, INSULIN AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESE MEN Archives of Andrology, 52:355 361, 2006 Copyright # Informa Healthcare ISSN: 0148-5016 print/1521-0375 online DOI: 10.1080/01485010600692017 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BMI, TOTAL TESTOSTERONE, SEX HORMONE-BINDING-GLOBULIN,

More information

Association Between Sex Hormones and Adiposity: Qualitative Differences in Women and Men in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Association Between Sex Hormones and Adiposity: Qualitative Differences in Women and Men in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis JCEM Brief ONLINE Report Association Between Sex Hormones and Adiposity: Qualitative Differences in Women and Men in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Morgana L. Mongraw-Chaffin, Cheryl A. M. Anderson,

More information

Hypogonadism 4/27/2018. Male Hypogonadism -- Definition. Epidemiology. Objectives HYPOGONADISM. Men with Hypogonadism. 95% untreated.

Hypogonadism 4/27/2018. Male Hypogonadism -- Definition. Epidemiology. Objectives HYPOGONADISM. Men with Hypogonadism. 95% untreated. Male Hypogonadism -- Definition - Low T, Low Testosterone Hypogonadism -...a clinical syndrome that results from failure of the testes to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone due to pathology

More information

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Behaviors of Nursing Students in Nursing School

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Behaviors of Nursing Students in Nursing School International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences Available online at www.ijmrhs.com ISSN No: 2319-5886 International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2018, 7(8): 16-33 I J M R

More information

Leptin levels and menstrual function in HIV-infected women in rural India

Leptin levels and menstrual function in HIV-infected women in rural India Leptin levels and menstrual function in HIV-infected women in rural India Annie Phoebe. K¹, Mini Jacob.S¹, Hemalatha.R², Sivakumar M.R¹ ¹Department of Experimental Medicine, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical

More information

DIABETES, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. Emilie Friberg

DIABETES, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. Emilie Friberg Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 2006 DIABETES, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER Emilie Friberg Stockholm 2006

More information

Influence of social relationships on obesity prevalence and management

Influence of social relationships on obesity prevalence and management Pacific University CommonKnowledge Physical Function CATs OT Critically Appraised Topics 2011 Influence of social relationships on obesity prevalence and management Alyssa Finn Pacific University Follow

More information

Chapter 6. Depression leads to mortality only when feeling lonely

Chapter 6. Depression leads to mortality only when feeling lonely Depression leads to mortality only when feeling lonely StekML,Vinkers DJ,Gussekloo J,Beekman ATF,van der Mast RC,W estendorp RG. Is depression in old age fatal only when people feel lonely? Am J Psychiatry

More information

The Association between Vitamin D and Lung Cancer Risk in Finnish Male Smokers. Julia Burkley Briarcliff High School

The Association between Vitamin D and Lung Cancer Risk in Finnish Male Smokers. Julia Burkley Briarcliff High School The Association between Vitamin D and Lung Cancer Risk in Finnish Male Smokers. Julia Burkley Briarcliff High School 2 Burkley Table of Contents Introduction~ Pg. 2 Methods~ Pg. 4 Ethics Statement~ Pg.

More information

290 Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(4):

290 Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(4): 290 Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(4): 290-294 Letter to the Editor Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension in the Labor Force Population in China: Results from a Cross-sectional Survey in Xinjiang Uygur

More information

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hormone Replacement Therapy Hormone Replacement Therapy What Role Should It Play With Our Patients? Noel R. Williams MD, FACOG TESTOSTERONE FOR MEN: SALVATION OR SNAKE OIL? Definition Male hypogonadism means the testicles don't produce

More information

Erectile Dysfunction, Cardiovascular Risk and

Erectile Dysfunction, Cardiovascular Risk and Erectile Dysfunction, Cardiovascular Risk and Testosterone National Lipid Association (NLA) 2016 Fall Clinical Update August 26-28, 2016 Amelia Island, Fl Robert A. Kloner MD, PhD Director of the Cardiovascular

More information

GRUMPY NO MORE: TESTOSTERONE DEFICIENCY & DEPRESSION DOES DHEA RAISE THE LEVELS OF BIOAVAILABLE TESTOSTERONE IN MEN?

GRUMPY NO MORE: TESTOSTERONE DEFICIENCY & DEPRESSION DOES DHEA RAISE THE LEVELS OF BIOAVAILABLE TESTOSTERONE IN MEN? http://www.lef.org/ LE Magazine August 2002 GRUMPY NO MORE: TESTOSTERONE DEFICIENCY & DEPRESSION DOES DHEA RAISE THE LEVELS OF BIOAVAILABLE TESTOSTERONE IN MEN? Postmenopausal depression and cognitive

More information

Shift work correlation with risk factors of cardiovascular disease and obesity in Iranian Oil and Gas Company employees in Asalouye

Shift work correlation with risk factors of cardiovascular disease and obesity in Iranian Oil and Gas Company employees in Asalouye Journal of Scientific Research and Development 2 (6): 17-22, 2015 Available online at www.jsrad.org ISSN 1115-7569 2015 JSRAD Shift work correlation with risk factors of cardiovascular disease and obesity

More information

Association between Depressive Symptoms and Vitamin D Deficiency. among Recently Admitted Nursing Home Patients

Association between Depressive Symptoms and Vitamin D Deficiency. among Recently Admitted Nursing Home Patients Association between Depressive Symptoms and Vitamin D Deficiency among Recently Admitted Nursing Home Patients Gotaro Kojima, MD 1 ; Marianne Tanabe, MD 2 ; Kamal Masaki, MD 3 ; G. Webster Ross, MD 4 ;

More information

TESTOSTERONE DEFINITION

TESTOSTERONE DEFINITION DEFINITION A hormone that is a hydroxyl steroid ketone (C19H28O2) produced especially by the testes or made synthetically and that is responsible for inducing and maintaining male secondary sex characteristics.

More information

Does Body Mass Index Adequately Capture the Relation of Body Composition and Body Size to Health Outcomes?

Does Body Mass Index Adequately Capture the Relation of Body Composition and Body Size to Health Outcomes? American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 147, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A A BRIEF ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Does

More information

Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He

Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK f.he@qmul.ac.uk BP Salt CVD Obesity

More information

Gonadal Dysfunction with Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia is Risk Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Gonadal Dysfunction with Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia is Risk Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Iraqi JMS Published by Al-Nahrain College of Medicine ISSN 1681-6579 Email: iraqijms@colmed-alnahrain.edu.iq http://www.colmed-nahrain.edu.iq Gonadal Dysfunction with Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia

More information

Study of the correlation between growth hormone deficiency and serum leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin levels in adults

Study of the correlation between growth hormone deficiency and serum leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin levels in adults Study of the correlation between growth hormone deficiency and serum leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin levels in adults Z.-P. Li 1, M. Zhang 2, J. Gao 3, G.-Y. Zhou 3, S.-Q. Li 1 and Z.-M. An 3 1 Golden

More information

Introduction. Objectives. Psychotropic Medications & Cardiometabolic Risk

Introduction. Objectives. Psychotropic Medications & Cardiometabolic Risk Psychotropic Medications & Cardiometabolic Risk Sam Ellis, PharmD, BCPS, CDE Associate Professor University of Colorado School of Pharmacy Introduction Second GenerationAntipsychotics (SGA) first FDA approved

More information

RELATIONS AMONG OBESITY, ADULT WEIGHT STATUS AND CANCER IN US ADULTS. A Thesis. with Distinction from the School of Allied Medical

RELATIONS AMONG OBESITY, ADULT WEIGHT STATUS AND CANCER IN US ADULTS. A Thesis. with Distinction from the School of Allied Medical RELATIONS AMONG OBESITY, ADULT WEIGHT STATUS AND CANCER IN US ADULTS A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Graduate with Distinction from the School of Allied Medical Professions

More information

Explanatory Attributions of Anxiety and Recovery in a Study of Kava

Explanatory Attributions of Anxiety and Recovery in a Study of Kava THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE Volume 10, Number 3, 2004, pp. 556 559 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Explanatory Attributions of Anxiety and Recovery in a Study of Kava KURIAN C. ABRAHAM,

More information

HYPOGONADISM DEFINITION: PRODUCTION OF SEX HORMONES AND GERM CELLS IS INADEQUATE (ENDOCRINE SOCIETY)

HYPOGONADISM DEFINITION: PRODUCTION OF SEX HORMONES AND GERM CELLS IS INADEQUATE (ENDOCRINE SOCIETY) HYPOGONADISM DEFINITION: PRODUCTION OF SEX HORMONES AND GERM CELLS IS INADEQUATE (ENDOCRINE SOCIETY) DEFECT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM THAT RESULTS IN LACK OF FUNCTION OF THE GONADS (Wikipedia) REDUCTION

More information

Physical health needs, lifestyle choices, and quality of life among people with mental illness in the community

Physical health needs, lifestyle choices, and quality of life among people with mental illness in the community HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH FUND Physical health needs, lifestyle choices, and quality of life among people with mental illness in the community WWS Mak *, PKH Mo, JTF Lau, SYS Wong K e y M e s

More information

Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment of Depression: Clinical Validation of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire

Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment of Depression: Clinical Validation of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1983, Vol. 51, No. 5, 721-725 Copyright 1983 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment of Depression: Clinical Validation

More information

Sarcopenia Assessment

Sarcopenia Assessment Sarcopenia Assessment using DXA Technology from GE Healthcare Healthy Aging It s Vital gehealthcare.com What is sarcopenia? Sarcopenia muscle loss with aging Sarcopenia is a disease associated with the

More information

Socioeconomic Differentials in Misclassification of Height, Weight and Body Mass Index Based on Questionnaire Data

Socioeconomic Differentials in Misclassification of Height, Weight and Body Mass Index Based on Questionnaire Data International Journal of Epidemiology International Epidemiological Association 1997 Vol. 26, No. 4 Printed in Great Britain Socioeconomic Differentials in Misclassification of Height, Weight and Body

More information

Invited Commentary Alcohol Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease: Good Habits May Be More Important Than Just Good Wine

Invited Commentary Alcohol Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease: Good Habits May Be More Important Than Just Good Wine American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright O 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health All rights reserved Vol 143, No 11 Printed in U.SA. Invited Commentary Alcohol Consumption

More information

N Follow -up years. (cases/controls or participants, gender) Cases: 105 men and 125 women; Controls: 206 men and 246 women

N Follow -up years. (cases/controls or participants, gender) Cases: 105 men and 125 women; Controls: 206 men and 246 women Supplementary Table 1. characteristics of 21 independent studies (extracted from 1 eligible articles) of blood 2(OH)D Levels and incident type 2 Author, Publicatio n year Source populatio n Design N Follow

More information

Diabetes, Diet and SMI: How can we make a difference?

Diabetes, Diet and SMI: How can we make a difference? Diabetes, Diet and SMI: How can we make a difference? Dr. Adrian Heald Consultant in Endocrinology and Diabetes Leighton Hospital, Crewe and Macclesfield Research Fellow, Manchester University Relative

More information

Walking, even minimal, lowers death risk!

Walking, even minimal, lowers death risk! Max Institute of Cancer Care Shalimar Bagh, Volume 1 Walking, even minimal, lowers death risk! Regular walking, even when it's below the minimum recommended levels for physical fitness, is associated with

More information

Testosterone and PDE5 inhibitors in the aging male

Testosterone and PDE5 inhibitors in the aging male Testosterone and PDE5 inhibitors in the aging male Francesco Romanelli Department of Experimental Medicine Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section Sapienza University of Rome 3005

More information

Society for Behavioral Medicine 33 rd Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA

Society for Behavioral Medicine 33 rd Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA Society for Behavioral Medicine 33 rd Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA John M. Violanti, PhD* a ; LuendaE. Charles, PhD, MPH b ; JaK. Gu, MSPH b ; Cecil M. Burchfiel, PhD, MPH b ; Michael E. Andrew, PhD

More information

Are dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and lipids associated with erectile dysfunction?

Are dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and lipids associated with erectile dysfunction? Maturitas 50 (2005) 294 299 Are dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and lipids associated with erectile dysfunction? Analia Tomova, Philip Kumanov Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University, 6, Damian

More information

RESEARCH. Dagfinn Aune, 1,2 Abhijit Sen, 1 Manya Prasad, 3 Teresa Norat, 2 Imre Janszky, 1 Serena Tonstad, 3 Pål Romundstad, 1 Lars J Vatten 1

RESEARCH. Dagfinn Aune, 1,2 Abhijit Sen, 1 Manya Prasad, 3 Teresa Norat, 2 Imre Janszky, 1 Serena Tonstad, 3 Pål Romundstad, 1 Lars J Vatten 1 open access BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants Dagfinn Aune, 1,2 Abhijit

More information

NEURODEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN EXPOSED IN UTERO TO ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS

NEURODEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN EXPOSED IN UTERO TO ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS NEURODEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN EXPOSED IN UTERO TO ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS ABSTRACT Background Many women of reproductive age have depression, necessitating therapy with either a tricyclic antidepressant drug

More information

Frequency of eating and concentrations of serum cholesterol in the Norfolk population of the European

Frequency of eating and concentrations of serum cholesterol in the Norfolk population of the European Frequency of eating and concentrations of serum cholesterol in the Norfolk population of the European prospective investigation into cancer (EPIC-Norfolk): cross sectional study Silvia M O Titan, Sheila

More information

Association between Depression and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Association between Depression and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Original Article Association between Depression and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Mojahede Salmani Nodoushan 1,2 and Farzaneh Chavoshi 3 1. Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical School,

More information

Overweight and Obesity in Older Persons: Impact Upon Health and Mortality Outcomes

Overweight and Obesity in Older Persons: Impact Upon Health and Mortality Outcomes Overweight and Obesity in Older Persons: Impact Upon Health and Mortality Outcomes Gordon L Jensen, MD, PhD Senior Associate Dean for Research Professor of Medicine and Nutrition Objectives Health outcomes

More information

The investigation of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban adult population of Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India

The investigation of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban adult population of Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India eissn: 09748369, www.biolmedonline.com The investigation of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban adult population of Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India M Estari, AS Reddy, T Bikshapathi,

More information

PROSPECTIVE STUDIES HAVE

PROSPECTIVE STUDIES HAVE ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Serum Estradiol Level and Risk of Breast Cancer During Treatment With Steven R. Cummings, MD Tu Duong, MA Emily Kenyon, PhD Jane A. Cauley, DrPH Malcolm Whitehead, MB,BS, FRCOG Kathryn

More information

Is Knowing Half the Battle? Behavioral Responses to Risk Information from the National Health Screening Program in Korea

Is Knowing Half the Battle? Behavioral Responses to Risk Information from the National Health Screening Program in Korea Is Knowing Half the Battle? Behavioral Responses to Risk Information from the National Health Screening Program in Korea Hyuncheol Bryant Kim 1, Suejin A. Lee 1, and Wilfredo Lim 2 1 Cornell University

More information

Effect of Smoking, Alcohol and Exercise on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Royal Jordanian Air Pilots

Effect of Smoking, Alcohol and Exercise on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Royal Jordanian Air Pilots Effect of Smoking, Alcohol and Exercise on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Royal Jordanian Air Pilots Nawaf Khazale MD*, Fares Haddad MD** ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess whether smoking,

More information

Men Getting Older Will Testosterone Keep Him Young?

Men Getting Older Will Testosterone Keep Him Young? Men Getting Older Will Testosterone Keep Him Young? Alvin M. Matsumoto, M.D. Associate Director, GRECC V.A. Puget Sound Health Care System Professor, Department of Medicine Division of Gerontology and

More information

R. Charles Welliver, Jr.,* Herbert J. Wiser, Robert E. Brannigan, Kendall Feia, Manoj Monga and Tobias S. K ohler

R. Charles Welliver, Jr.,* Herbert J. Wiser, Robert E. Brannigan, Kendall Feia, Manoj Monga and Tobias S. K ohler Sexual Function/Infertility Validity of Midday Total Testosterone Levels in Older Men with Erectile Dysfunction R. Charles Welliver, Jr.,* Herbert J. Wiser, Robert E. Brannigan, Kendall Feia, Manoj Monga

More information

Lower levels sex hormone-binding globulin independently associated with metabolic syndrome in pre-elderly and elderly men in China

Lower levels sex hormone-binding globulin independently associated with metabolic syndrome in pre-elderly and elderly men in China Journal of Geriatric Cardiology (2013) 10: 28 33 2013 JGC All rights reserved; www.jgc301.com Research Article Open Access Lower levels sex hormone-binding globulin independently associated with metabolic

More information

An evaluation of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as a predictor of hypertension across urban population of Bangladesh.

An evaluation of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as a predictor of hypertension across urban population of Bangladesh. An evaluation of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as a predictor of hypertension across urban population of Bangladesh. Md. Golam Hasnain 1 Monjura Akter 2 1. Research Investigator,

More information

Metabolic Syndrome. Shon Meek MD, PhD Mayo Clinic Florida Endocrinology

Metabolic Syndrome. Shon Meek MD, PhD Mayo Clinic Florida Endocrinology Metabolic Syndrome Shon Meek MD, PhD Mayo Clinic Florida Endocrinology Disclosure No conflict of interest No financial disclosure Does This Patient Have Metabolic Syndrome? 1. Yes 2. No Does This Patient

More information

Original Article. Lipilekha Patnaik 1*, Ashish Joshi 2, Trilochan Sahu 3

Original Article. Lipilekha Patnaik 1*, Ashish Joshi 2, Trilochan Sahu 3 Original Article Mobile based intervention for reduction of coronary heart disease risk factors among patients with diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital of India Lipilekha Patnaik 1*, Ashish

More information

Table S1. Characteristics associated with frequency of nut consumption (full entire sample; Nn=4,416).

Table S1. Characteristics associated with frequency of nut consumption (full entire sample; Nn=4,416). Table S1. Characteristics associated with frequency of nut (full entire sample; Nn=4,416). Daily nut Nn= 212 Weekly nut Nn= 487 Monthly nut Nn= 1,276 Infrequent or never nut Nn= 2,441 Sex; n (%) men 52

More information

Hubley Depression Scale for Older Adults (HDS-OA): Reliability, Validity, and a Comparison to the Geriatric Depression Scale

Hubley Depression Scale for Older Adults (HDS-OA): Reliability, Validity, and a Comparison to the Geriatric Depression Scale The University of British Columbia Hubley Depression Scale for Older Adults (HDS-OA): Reliability, Validity, and a Comparison to the Geriatric Depression Scale Sherrie L. Myers & Anita M. Hubley University

More information

Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women s Health Initiative Observational Study

Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women s Health Initiative Observational Study Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women s Health Initiative Observational Study The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share

More information

Table Cohort studies of consumption of alcoholic beverages and cancers of the lymphatic and haematopoietic system in the general population

Table Cohort studies of consumption of alcoholic beverages and cancers of the lymphatic and haematopoietic system in the general population categories Lim et al., (2007), USA, The National Institutes of Health-former American Association of Retired Persons (NIH- AARP) Diet and Health Study 473984 participants with correct questionnaire and

More information

Individual Study Table Referring to Item of the Submission: Volume: Page:

Individual Study Table Referring to Item of the Submission: Volume: Page: 2.0 Synopsis Name of Company: Abbott Laboratories Name of Study Drug: Meridia Name of Active Ingredient: Sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate Individual Study Table Referring to Item of the Submission:

More information

Association between Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese

Association between Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online June 12, 2008 Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia Association between Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese Bernard My Cheung,

More information

Late Onset Hypogonadism. Toh Charng Chee Hospital Selayang

Late Onset Hypogonadism. Toh Charng Chee Hospital Selayang Late Onset Hypogonadism Toh Charng Chee Hospital Selayang Introduction Although suppressed serum testosterone (T) is common in ageing men, only a small proportion of them develop the genuine syndrome of

More information