Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS)

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1 Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS) A WPS TEST REPORT by Western Psychological Services Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California A Computerized Scoring and Interpretation System by Norman S. Endler, Ph.D., F.R.S.C., Jean M. Edwards, Ph.D., Romeo Vitelli, Ph.D., and Jill Rauch, Ph.D. Version Copyright 1991, 1996 by Western Psychological Services CLIENT NAME: F. M. Last ID NUMBER: sample AGE: 99 GENDER: Male ETHNICITY: Not Entered ADMINISTRATION DATE: MM/DD/YY PROCESSING DATE: MM/DD/YY EAMINER ID NUMBER: exam id EAMINER NAME: exam name Interpretations are based on the following normative group: U. S. ADULT MALES This WPS TEST REPORT presents and interprets results for the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS). The EMAS provide a coordinated set of three independent scales for assessing different types of anxiety. The first instrument is called the EMAS--State (EMAS-S). The EMAS-S measures the individual s actual reported transitory state anxiety response at the time of test administration. The second instrument is referred to as the EMAS--Trait (EMAS-T). The EMAS-T assesses the individual s predisposition to experience anxiety in four types of situations relevant to a broad range of experiences. The third instrument is named the EMAS--Perception (EMAS-P). The EMAS-P measures the INTRODUCTION individual s subjective perceptions of the type and degree of threat inherent in the present situation. The user should note that this computer report is a professional-to-professional communication. It should not be shown directly to the client without interpretation. DEFINITION OF PSYCHOMETRIC TERMS The following psychometric terms are used in this report: 1. T-score (T): a way to express test scores in terms of the normative sample. In the normative sample, T-scores have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of Percentile score (%): the number of people in 100 who score lower than the respondent. Users of this WPS TEST REPORT should be familiar with the information (including interpretation guidelines, psychometric properties, and test limitations) presented in the EMAS manual published by Western Psychological Services (Product No. W-272C). This WPS TEST REPORT should be used only in conjunction with the manual.

2 EMAS REPORT ID NUMBER: sample PAGE: 2 SUMMARY OF EMAS RESULTS This section presents a summary of the respondent s results on the EMAS. The respondent s scores (in terms of both T-scores and percentiles) will be graphed, followed by narrative interpretations based on these scores. In the score profiles for the EMAS-S and EMAS-T, the SEM (Standard Error of Measurement) interval is indicated by dashes. The SEM interval shows where approximately 68% of retested individuals with scores plotted at the would be expected to score upon retesting. No SEM was calculated for the EMAS-P scales because the SEM is based on scale reliability. Reliability statistics were not calculated for the EMAS-P because these scales are composed of single items. The rest of this WPS TEST REPORT is organized as follows: Validity considerations are addressed first; then, results are presented separately for the EMAS-S, EMAS-T, and EMAS-P; and finally, an integration of the results for all of the EMAS scales follows. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~VALIDITY CONSIDERATIONS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Threats to test validity, resulting from a biased response set, should always be considered when interpreting test results. The EMAS do not include any scales or items designed to assess test-taking attitude. However, certain patterns of EMAS scores may suggest biased responding. A faking-good response set is operating when the respondent answers the test questions in a socially desirable manner that does not accurately reflect his or her self-perceptions. Faking good can be evaluated by examining the number of scales with scores below the 15th percentile. The greater the number of these scales, the more seriously a faking-good response bias should be considered. Faking bad or malingering can be assessed in a similar fashion by examining the number of scales with scores falling above the 97th percentile. The more scales there are with scores falling above the 97th percentile, the more seriously a faking-bad response bias should be considered. If the existence of a faking-good or faking-bad response bias is suggested, the issue can usually be resolved by examining the pattern of scores within the respondent s EMAS protocol and by discussing the results on an individual basis with the respondent. Faking bad: Number of scores over 97%: 0 Faking good: Number of scores below 15%: 0

3 EMAS REPORT ID NUMBER: sample PAGE: 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EMAS--STATE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The EMAS--STATE (EMAS-S) evaluates the respondent s current subjective experience of anxiety. The EMAS-S measures both cognitive-worry (EMAS-S-CW) and autonomic-emotional (EMAS-S-AE) components of state anxiety, as well as providing a total (EMAS-S-TOT) state anxiety score. Cognitive-worry anxiety symptoms include feelings of uncertainty, helplessness, inadequacy, self-consciousness, and problems with concentration. Autonomic-emotional symptoms include feelings of tension, feeling flushed, perspiring, damp hands, irregular breathing, racing heartbeat, and dry mouth. EMAS--STATE T-Score 20T 30T 40T 50T 60T 70T 80T Scale Raw % T CW AE TOT Percentile Based on the respondent s EMAS-S-TOT score, his overall level of state anxiety is slightly below average. Cognitive-worry symptom levels are average, and autonomic-emotional symptom levels are slightly below average. The client received the following average raw item scores on each of the EMAS-S scales: EMAS-S-CW: 1.1 EMAS-S-AE: 1.0 EMAS-S-TOT: 1.1 These average raw item score ratings are based on a 1 (no experience of symptom at all) to 5 (experiencing the symptom very much) scale, where a rating of 3 indicates moderate experiencing of the symptom.

4 EMAS REPORT ID NUMBER: sample PAGE: 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EMAS--TRAIT~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The EMAS--TRAIT (EMAS-T) assesses four different types of relatively stable, situationally determined anxiety proneness: (a) anxiety due to threat in social evaluation or interpersonal situations (EMAS-T-SE), (b) anxiety due to threat of physical danger (EMAS-T-PD), (c) ambiguous threat anxiety (EMAS-T-AM), and (d) anxiety while engaged in innocuous activities or daily routines (EMAS-T-DR). EMAS--TRAIT T-Score 20T 30T 40T 50T 60T 70T 80T Scale Raw % T SE PD AM DR Percentile Mr. Last tends to experience average levels of anxiety in social evaluation situations. He reports average levels of anxiety in physically dangerous situations, slightly above average levels of anxiety in ambiguous situations, and much higher than average levels of anxiety in daily routines situations. Since his T-score on the EMAS-T-DR scale exceeds 65, Mr. Last is very likely to manifest high levels of trait anxiety in situations he perceives as daily routines. The client received the following average raw item scores on each of the EMAS-T scales: EMAS-T-SE: 2.6 EMAS-T-PD: 3.1 EMAS-T-AM: 3.1 EMAS-T-DR: 2.8 These average raw item score ratings are based on a 1 (no experience of symptom at all) to 5 (experiencing the symptom very much) scale, where a rating of 3 indicates moderate experiencing of the symptom.

5 EMAS REPORT ID NUMBER: sample PAGE: 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EMAS--PERCEPTION~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The EMAS--PERCEPTION (EMAS-P) is a measure of the respondent s subjective perceptions regarding the type of situation and degree of threat evoked by that situation at the time of the testing. Four types of threat are addressed: (a) social evaluation threat perception (EMAS-P-1), (b) physical danger threat perception (EMAS-P-2), (c) ambiguous threat perception (EMAS-P-3), and (d) innocuous or daily routines threat perception (EMAS-P-4). The final item to be scored (EMAS-P-5) measures the degree to which the individual feels threatened in the current situation. EMAS--PERCEPTION T-Score 20T 30T 40T 50T 60T 70T 80T Scale Raw % T Percentile The respondent perceived the testing situation to be mildly socially evaluative and highly physically dangerous. In addition, he described the testing situation as one that seemed moderately novel or ambiguous and mildly innocuous. Mr. Last s rating of the social evaluativeness of the testing situation was average relative to the normative sample. His perception of physical dangerousness was above average, and his perception of novelty or ambiguity in the testing situation was average. His rating of innocuousness was slightly below average. He reported feeling not threatened at all in the testing situation. This level of perceived threat is average when compared to the normative sample.

6 EMAS REPORT ID NUMBER: sample PAGE: 6 INTEGRATED SCORE PROFILE T-Score 20T 30T 40T 50T 60T 70T 80T Raw % T EMAS--STATE: CW AE TOT EMAS--TRAIT: SE PD AM DR EMAS--PERCEPTION: Percentile This individual is reporting high levels of daily routines trait anxiety, although he is not reporting high levels of state anxiety. Therefore, he is likely to benefit from treatment directed toward helping him to better cope with the anxiety he experiences in this specific type of situation (these specific types of situations). Additional assessment should be undertaken to further determine the client s perceptions regarding the severity of the problem and the need for treatment. The usual treatments for this type of problem include anxiolytic drugs and/or cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. Final treatment decisions, which may include other treatments, must be made by the clinician based on comprehensive information about the client and the clinician s professional judgment. Diagnostic and treatment decisions should never be made solely on the basis of test results. Test results represent only one source of information used by clinicians for making these types of decisions.

7 EMAS REPORT ID NUMBER: sample PAGE: 7 ITEM RESPONSES client. The following table lists the actual item responses taken from the EMAS Answer Sheet for this EMAS--STATE EMAS--TRAIT EMAS--PERCEPTION NOTE: Invalid item responses - indicates a missing response. Number of Invalid Responses: 0 This report was generated based on WPS TEST REPORT Micro Computer Data Entry. END OF REPORT

8 EMAS REPORT ID NUMBER: sample PAGE: 8 ID Number: sample Gender: Male Age: 99 Normative Group: U. S. Adult Processing Date: MM/DD/YY 20T 30T 40T 50T 60T 70T 80T S1. S2. S3. T1. T2. T3. T4. P1. P2. P3. P4. P5. EMAS-S-CW EMAS-S-AE EMAS-S-TOT EMAS-T-SE EMAS-T-PD EMAS-T-AM EMAS-T-DR EMAS-P-1 EMAS-P-2 EMAS-P-3 EMAS-P-4 EMAS-P-5 20T 30T 40T 50T 60T 70T 80T Below Average Average Above Average Key: Client Profile

Piers Harris Children s Self-Concept Scale, Second Edition (Piers-Harris 2)

Piers Harris Children s Self-Concept Scale, Second Edition (Piers-Harris 2) WPS TEST REPORT Copyright 2002 by Western Psychological Services 12031 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90025-1251 Version