Effect of age and gender on schizotypal personality traits in the normal populationpcn_
|
|
- Jasper Pierce
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2009; 63: doi: /j x Regular Article Effect of age and gender on schizotypal personality traits in the normal populationpcn_ Emre Bora, MD 1 * and Leyla Baysan Arabaci, MSCN RN 2 1 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and 2 Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Ege University School of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey Aim: There is some evidence that age and gender influence expression of schizotypal traits in the normal population. One important limitation of previous studies, however, is the restricted age range of subjects. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the effect of gender and age on schizotypal personality features. Methods: A total of 1024 participants aged between 16 and 90 were assessed using the schizotypal personality questionnaire. The effect of gender and age on schizotypal features was investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the scale in different age groups. Results: Male subjects scored higher than women in negative and disorganized-like symptoms. Female subjects scored significantly in social anxiety and odd belief subscales. Younger participants significantlyscored higher in reference, odd belief, unusual perceptual experiences, odd behavior and odd speech subscales. While decreases in schizotypy scores were gradual for most of the scales, increased disorganization in female subjects was restricted to late adolescence. Confirmatory factor analysis of the data supported modified versions of the Raine three-factor model across all age groups. Conclusion: Psychological changes related to adolescence and better social adaptation as a result of life experience might contribute to the age- and genderrelated differences in schizotypy. Key words: age, gender, schizophrenia, schizotypy. ALTHOUGH CATEGORICAL VIEWS have dominated clinical practice regarding psychotic disorders, there is increasing evidence supporting the validity of dimensional views of psychosis. Psychotic symptoms observed in schizophrenia and other mental illnesses were suggested to lie in the upper end of a continuum between schizophrenia and the normal population. 1,2 Subclinical psychotic-like experiences and some personality traits commonly observed in non-clinical subjects seem to be associated with the same genetic susceptibility factors *Correspondence: Emre Bora, MD, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Alan Gilbert Building, NNF Level 3, Carlton South, Vic. 3053, Australia. emrebora@hotmail.com Received 29 September 2008; revised 31 May 2009; accepted 5 June causing schizophrenia. 2,3 These characteristics were defined under the term schizotypy. 4 One of the most common strategies for studying schizotypy in the normal population is the investigation of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD)-like features in normal population. Age and gender are important variables affecting presentation of psychosis in clinical cases. Age is also one of the important confounders of schizotypal traits. In general, schizotypal traits were found to be negatively associated with age in adults and adolescents, 5 7 although a recent study did not support these findings in adolescents. 8 Unfortunately, most of these studies investigated the effect of age on a sample restricted to young adults or adolescents. Gender is also an important determinant of schizotypal traits in non-clinical populations. Negative and 663
2 664 E. Bora and L. B. Arabaci Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2009; 63: disorganization symptoms were reported to be higher in male subjects. 6,7 Female subjects were also reported to score higher on social anxiety, magical thinking and paranoid-like symptoms. 6,7,9 These findings are interesting considering the fact that a similar pattern of gender and symptom profiles is also observed in schizophrenia. Interaction between age and gender in schizotypal traits might also be relevant, because age of onset of psychotic-like experiences and florid psychosis was reported to be younger in male subjects. 10,11 Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) is a very commonly used self-rated instrument that was constructed to assess all nine DSM criteria for SPD. 12 Many of the findings related to effects of age and gender were studied using the SPQ. There is some debate over factor structure of the schizotypal traits. According to the hypothesis that schizotypal features are an attenuated form of clinical psychosis, both conditions should have a similar factor structure. Most of the studies supported the threefactor model of Raine et al.. 13,14 These factors are cognitive perceptual, interpersonal and disorganization, which are in parallel with a three-dimensional symptom pattern observed in schizophrenia. Recent work, however, suggested that a model with a separate fourth paranoid factor could better explain the factor structure of schizotypal traits. 15,16 Previous work also supported the same four-factor model in a sample consisting of 1059 university students. 17 Two of these studies, however, also suggested that a modified version of the Raine model could satisfactorily explain the factorial structure of schizotypal traits in normal population. 16,17 Gender and age are also among the factors that can influence the factor structure of schizotypal traits. Unfortunately only a few studies reported data regarding consistency of the factor structure of schizotypy in different age groups and gender. Fossatti et al. supported Raine s model in both adolescents and young adults. 6 There is also some evidence of replicability of three-factor structure in mature adults. 18,19 Those studies, however, did not take the model of Stefanis et al. and the proposed modifications in Raine s model into account The aim of the present study was therefore to study the effect of age in both sexes on schizotypal personality features. Another goal of the study was to compare the factor structure of schizotypal traits in adolescents, young adults, mature adults and old age. METHOD Subjects Initially, 1057 individuals completed the SPQ, but 35 of these subjects were excluded due to incomplete answers. The refusal rate among the people who were asked to participate in the study was <15%. The final study sample consisted of 1024 subjects (female, n = 622; male, n = 402) aged between 16 and 90. Subjects were recruited among university students, students of the courses for the university entry exams, middle-aged adults, and functionally independent residents (living in the healthy aged section of the institution) of a rest home in İzmir, Turkey during a 3-year period ( ). There was a significant difference for age (F = 4.08, P = 0.04) between the male subjects (mean, years) and female subjects (mean, years). There was no significant difference in years of education between the sexes (F = 0.3, P = 0.59). The study was conducted according to the Helsinki declaration. All subjects were volunteers and participated after being informed about the study. Following their informed consent, they completed the paper form of the SPQ. They had an option to remain anonymous. No credit or monetary compensation was offered to the subjects. Participants were divided into seven age groups (16 18 years, years, years, years, years, years and years). Age groups were chosen in order to represent late adolescence early adulthood, adulthood, middle ages and old age. The late adolescence early adulthood period, however, was further divided into three groups because previous research indicated differences between these age groups. 6 Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire The SPQ is a 74-item self-rated instrument designed for investigating DSM criteria for schizotypal disorder. The responders are instructed to choose among true false choices. Every affirmative response that indicates schizotypal characteristics is scored 1 point. Total SPQ score ranges between 0 and 74. The Turkish version of the scale has been shown to have good internal consistency and test retest reliability. 20 A brief version of the scale has also been adapted to Turkish and was shown to distinguish relatives of schizophrenia patients from controls. 21,22
3 Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2009; 63: Schizotypy and age 665 As we discussed earlier, the most promising alternatives regarding the factor structure of the SPQ are the three-factor model of Raine and the four-factor model of Stefanis et al Two studies suggested three modifications for improving the Raine model. Two of these suggestions were common between the two studies. One of them involves adding an error covariance between the reference and paranoia subscales, and the other, adding a negative relationship between magical thinking and interpersonal latent factor. Loading of social anxiety items onto cognitive/ perceptual factor was the last modification in the study by Wuthrich and Bates, 16 while the adding of a covariance of error between social anxiety and reference was suggested in another study. 17 Statistical analysis SPSS 13.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used to compare the means of the SPQ subscales in the seven different age groups in both sexes. ANOVA was used to assess between-group differences. In order to control the possible confounder effect of age, ANCOVA was used for female male comparisons for schizotypy. The significance level was chosen as P < 0.05 (two-tailed).s Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to compare the goodness of fit of the two most promisingly supported models of schizotypal traits in normal population (Raine three-factor model, Stefanis et al. four-factor model) and the two modified versions of the Raine model that include the modifications of Wuthrich and Bates 16 and Bora and Arabaci 17 in different age groups and gender. These models were investigated in four age groups (16 20 years, years, years, and years). The factorial structure of the whole group was also investigated in both sexes separately. Having root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) <0.05 and comparative fit index (CFI) >0.95 was accepted as a measure of adequate fit. 23,24 Akaike information criterion (AIC) and c 2 test were used to compare the goodness of fit for different models. 25 Data were analyzed with Lisrel (SSII, Lincolnwood, IL, USA). RESULTS Because there was a modest but significant difference for age between groups, age was accepted as a covariate in male female comparisons for SPQ and its subscales. In these ANCOVA analyses, male subjects had a significantly higher schizotypy score than female subjects in constricted affect (F = 19.1, P < 0.001), no close friend (F = 16.6, P < 0.001), odd behavior (F = 37.0, P < 0.001), and odd speech (F = 9.8, P = 0.002). Female subjects had higher scores in social anxiety (F = 14.2, P < 0.001), and odd belief (F = 11.7, P = 0.001). In five of nine subscales (Reference, Odd belief, Unusual perceptual experiences, Odd behavior, Odd speech), ANOVA indicated significant effect of age (Table 1). For all of these five subscales, schizotypy scores were higher in younger subjects. For female subjects, the effect of age was highly significant in all five subscales (P < 0.01). For male subjects, significance of the effect of age was less pronounced for odd beliefs (P < 0.05) and there was only a tendency for odd speech (P = 0.07). For male subjects and female subjects, higher scores in these subscales decreased gradually towards the later age groups. There was a significantly different pattern, however, for odd behavior and odd speech for female subjects. Although female subjects had relatively high scores in these two subscales in the late adolescence group, they scored significantly lower after 19 years of age. CFA in the combined sample and effect of gender on factor structure of the SPQ The Raine model did not fit the data adequately (RMSEA > 0.08). The Stefanis et al. four-factor model fitted the data satisfactorily (Table 2), but modifications suggested by Wuthrich and Bates 16 and Bora and Arabaci 17 resulted in better fit than the Stefanis four-factor model. 15 Gender did not influence these results significantly; modified versions of the Raine model and the Stefanis et al. four-factor model provided an adequate fit in both sexes. CFA in different age groups The Raine and the Stefanis et al. models did not adequately fit the data except for the age group years (Table 3). Both modified versions of the Raine model provided satisfactory fit for all age groups. RMSEA was <0.08 and CFI was >0.97 for these models in all age groups. c 2 test and AIC also supported the superiority of the modified Raine models over the Raine and Stefanis et al. models for all age groups.
4 666 E. Bora and L. B. Arabaci Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2009; 63: Table 1. Effect of gender and age on SPQ subscales years years years years years years years n = 113 n = 152 n = 415 n = 98 n = 77 n = 72 n = 97 Full sample Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD SPQ total Female** Male** Reference Female** Male** Social anxiety Female Male Odd belief Female** Male* Unusual perceptual experiences Female** Male** Odd behavior Female** Male** No close friends Female Male Odd speech Female** Male Constricted affect Female Male Paranoia Female Male *P < 0.05, decrease by age; **P < 0.01, decrease by age. SPQ, Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. DISCUSSION The present study investigated schizotypal features and the factor structure in different age groups ranging from 16 to 90 years. The present results suggested that age and gender had a significant impact on severity of schizotypal features in the normal population, but the factor structure of schizotypal characteristics seems to be similar in all age and gender groups. In five of nine scales of the SPQ, subjects in younger age groups scored significantly higher than those in older groups. Male subjects had more disorganized and negative symptom-like features than female subjects. Female subjects scored higher in social anxiety and odd belief items. While most of the female subjects had low scores in disorganized dimension, adolescent female subjects had relatively high scores. Modified versions of the Raine three-factor model seem to be the best model to explain the structure of schizotypal features because they adequately fitted the data in all age groups and in both sexes. The present study adds valuable information to previous findings regarding the impact of age on schizotypal features. Most of the previous studies reported data in more restricted age samples of adults. 6,18 Interpretation of the meaning of the relationship between age and schizotypal features is
5 Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2009; 63: Schizotypy and age 667 Table 2. CFA in the full study sample and effect of gender on factor structure c 2 d.f. AIC CFI RMSEA RMSEA 90%CI Raine Male Female Stefanis et al Male Female Wuthrich and Bates Male Female Bora and Arabaci Male Female Modified versions of the Raine three-factor model. AIC, Akaike information criterion; CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; CFI, comparative fit index; CI, confidence interval; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation. important because age is an important factor for the onset of psychosis in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. There is also a differential effect of age for gender. Full-blown psychosis tends to arise earlier in male subjects than female subjects in early adulthood. Psychosis onset in adolescence and childhood is also more frequent in male subjects. Although psychoticlike features, which are similar to schizotypal features, Table 3. CFA in different age groups c 2 df AIC CFI RMSEA RMSEA 90%CI years Raine Stefanis et al Wuthrich and Bates Bora and Arabaci years Raine Stefanis et al Wuthrich and Bates Bora and Arabaci years Raine Stefanis et al Wuthrich and Bates Bora and Arabaci years Raine Stefanis et al Wuthrich and Bates Bora and Arabaci Modified versions of the Raine three-factor model. AIC, Akaike information criterion; CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; CFI, comparative fit index; CI, confidence interval; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation.
6 668 E. Bora and L. B. Arabaci Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2009; 63: arose earlier than full-blown psychosis in both sexes, they might also be observed earlier in male subjects. 10 Psychotic symptom-like features and disorganization seems to decrease from late adolescence to older ages in both sexes. Although this reduction in schizotypal features was gradual in most cases, there was a different pattern for disorganization for female subjects. Female subjects seemed to have high levels of disorganization only in late adolescence. If schizotypal features are an attenuated form of psychosis, one should expect earlier (and more severe) onset of schizotypal features in male subjects. But the relatively high disorganization in late adolescence in female subjects and abrupt reduction of these symptoms afterwards suggest that psychological changes related to adolescence rather than proneness to psychosis can contribute to increased disorganization in adolescents and in young adults. There may be several explanations for gradual decrease in other aspects of schizotypal features with increasing age. It may be that the reduction may be related to the impact of psychosis conversion in high-risk individuals; that is, although high-risk individuals might be included in younger groups, they would be less likely to be included in older groups because a substantial number of them would have undergone conversion to the psychosis group, and therefore be excluded. Conversion to psychosis, however, cannot explain most of this reduction because only 1% of the population develops schizophrenia. Better social adaptation as a result of life experience and social learning might be more likely to explain age-related decreases in schizotypal features in the normal population. The present findings about the impact of gender on schizotypy were in accordance with the published findings. Increased social anxiety and higher scores in the odd beliefs/magical thinking scale have been reported previously. 6,9 Some studies reported higher scores for reference in female subjects, 6 but the present results did not support this finding. Higher scores for negative and disorganized dimensions in male subjects are also compatible with previous work on schizotypal traits. 6,7 One of the relatively new aspects of the present study was the application of CFA to different age groups. The results of the factor analysis support the validity of the SPQ because factor structure of the scale seems to be stable across the different age groups and sexes. But the present findings did not support previous studies that reported good fit to the data for the Raine three-factor model in different age groups. 13,14 We believe that this discrepancy is related to some characteristics of the previous work. First, in some cases the goodness of fit of the Raine model was not very satisfactory according to our criteria. 17 Second, these studies did not take the Stefanis et al. model into account and did not consider modifications in the Raine model. Finally, these studies did not investigate the Raine model across the whole adult age range. Some studies in younger adults reported better fit for the Stefanis et al. four-factor structure and modified version of the Raine model. 15,16 The present work supports these studies and extends these findings to other age groups. We think that this is a major contribution of the present study because it shows that the Raine model has similar problems across all adult age groups. We believe that these findings are related to inadequacy of some of the items of the SPQ for clearly loading on one of the underlying three or four separable factors. Improvements in the SPQ and other measures can contribute to better definition of the dimensions of schizotypal personality features. One of the limitations of the present study was its cross-sectional nature. Longitudinal studies might provide more reliable information regarding onset and prognosis of schizotypal features. Another limitation may be related to the fact that the SPQ is a self-report measure of schizotypal features. Also because there was no diagnostic interviews in the present study, it is possible that some individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and schizotypal personality disorder were included in the study. But we do not think that this would have had a significant impact on the results because the sample size was large. And we may also expect that people with schizotypal personality disorder could be reluctant to participate in this kind of study. Finally, inclusion of children and younger adolescents would be desirable. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence regarding influence of age and gender on schizotypal traits from late adolescence to old age. The present results are consistent with a continuum model of psychosis because there are some similarities between schizophrenia and schizotypy regarding factor structure and effect of gender and age. Non-psychosis proneness factors, however, such as emotional disturbances of adolescence, are likely to play a role in expression of schizo-
7 Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2009; 63: Schizotypy and age 669 typal traits. Further studies should investigate the influence of psychological and emotional changes in adolescence and the aging process. While factor structure of schizotypal traits was stable across age groups, testing of alternative models of schizotypy by using external validators such as genetics and neuroimaging is essential to clarify the exact structure of schizotypy. REFERENCES 1 Verdoux H, Van Os J. Psychotic symptoms in non-clinical populations and the continuum of psychosis. Schizophr. Res. 2002; 54: Fanous AH, Neale MC, Gardner CO et al. Significant correlation in linkage signals from genome-wide scans of schizophrenia and schizotypy. Mol. Psychiatry 2007; 12: Schürhoff F, Szöke A, Chevalier F et al. Schizotypal dimensions: An intermediate phenotype associated with the COMT high activity allele. Am. J. Med. Genet. B 2007; 144: Meehl PE. Schizotaxia, schizotypy and schizophrenia. Am. Psychol. 1962; 17: Cyhlarova E, Claridge G. Development of a version of the schizotypy traits questionnaire (STA) for screening children. Schizophr. Res. 2005; 80: Fossatti A, Raine A, Carretta I, Leonardi B, Maffei C. The three-factor model of schizotypal personality: Invariance across age and gender. Pers. Individ. Diff. 2003; 34: Mata I, Matais-Colx D, Peralta V. Schizotypal personality questionnaire-brief: Factor structure and influence of sex and age in a nonclinical population. Pers. Individ. Diff. 2005; 38: Fonseca-Pedrero E, Lemos-Giraldez S, Muniz J, Garcia- Cueto E, Campillo-Alvarez A. Schizotypy in adolescence: The role of gender and age. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2008; 196: Rawlings D, Claridge G, Freeman JL. Principal component analysis of the schizotypal personality scale and the borderline personality scale. Pers. Individ. Dif. 2001; 31: Spauwen J, Krabbendam L, Lieb R, Wittchen H, van Os J. Sex differences in psychosis: Normal or pathological? Schizophr. Res. 2003; 62: Konnecke R, Hafner H, Maurer K, Loffler W, an der Heiden W. Main risk factors for schizophrenia: Increasing familial loading and pre- and perinatal complications antagonize the protective effect of oestrogen in women. Schizophr. Res. 2000; 44: Raine A. The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophr. Bull. 1991; 17: Raine A, Reynolds CA, Lencz T. Cognitive perceptual, interpersonal and disorganized features of schizotypal personality. Schizophr. Bull. 1994; 20: Reynolds CA, Raine A, Mellingen K, Venables PH, Mednick SA. Three-factor model of schizotypy personality: Invariance across culture, gender, religious affiliation, family adversity and psychopathology. Schizophr. Bull. 2000; 26: Stefanis NC, Smyrnis N, Avramoupoulos D, Evdokimidis I, Ntzoufras I, Stefanis CN. Factorial composition of self rated schizotypal traits among young males undergoing military training. Schizophr. Bull. 2004; 30: Wuthrich VM, Bates TC. Confirmatory factor analysis of the three factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and Chapman Schizotypy Scale. J. Pers. Assess. 2006; 87: Bora E, Arabacı LB. Confirmatory factor analysis of schizotypal personality traits in university students. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. (in press). 18 Badcock JC, Dragovic M. Schizotypal personality in mature adults. Pers. Individ. Diff. 2006; 40: Chen WJ, Hsiao CK, Lin CC. Schizotypy in community samples: The three-factor structure and correlation with sustained attention. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1997; 106: Sener A, Bora E, Tekin I, Ozaskinli S. Reliability and validity of Turkish schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ) in Turkish students. Bull. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2006; 16: Ayciceği A, Dinn VM, Harris CL. Validation of Turkish and English versions of the schizotypal personality questionnaire-b. Eur. J. Psychol. Assess. 2005; 21: Bora E, Veznedaroglu B. Temperament and the character dimensions of the relatives of schizophrenia patients and controls: The relationship between schizotypal features and personality. Eur. Psychiatry 2007; 22: Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct. Equat. Model. 1989; 6: Schmelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Muller H. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods Psychol. Res. 2003; 8: Akaike H. Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika 1987; 52:
Associations between Multiple Dimensions of Schizotypy and Sociodemographic Variables in a Non-Psychiatric Sample of Young Adults
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Psychology Faculty Publications Department of Psychology 2009 Associations between Multiple Dimensions of Schizotypy and Sociodemographic
More informationResearch Article Examination of the Factor Structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire among British and Trinidadian Adults
BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 258275, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/258275 Research Article Examination of the Factor Structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire
More informationComparing the factor structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire
Comparing the factor structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire By: Georgina M. Gross, Juliann Mellin, Paul J. Silvia, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Thomas R. Kwapil
More informationAn examination of the factorial structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief (SPQ-B) among undergraduate students
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Psychology Faculty Publications Department of Psychology 2009 An examination of the factorial structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire
More informationTilburg University. Published in: Schizophrenia Research. Publication date: Link to publication
Tilburg University Does the schizotypal personality questionnaire reflect the biological-genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia? Vollema, M.G.; Sitskoorn, Margriet; Appels, M.C.M.; Kahn, R.S. Published
More informationPsychometric properties of the arabic version of the schizotypal personality questionnaire in Tunisian university students
ARTICLE ORIGINAL Psychometric properties of the arabic version of the schizotypal personality questionnaire in Tunisian university students Mohamed Aymen Lahmar, Leila Gassab, Faouzia Beltaief, Anwar Mechri
More informationLatent Factor Modeling of Four Schizotypy Dimensions with Theory of Mind and Empathy
RESEARCH ARTICLE Latent Factor Modeling of Four Schizotypy Dimensions with Theory of Mind and Empathy Jeffrey S. Bedwell 1 *, Michael T. Compton 2, Florian G. Jentsch 1, Andrew E. Deptula 1, Sandra M.
More informationTesting Measurement Invariance of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Scores across Spanish and Swiss Adolescents
Testing Measurement Invariance of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Scores across Spanish and Swiss Adolescents Javier Ortuño-Sierra 1, Deborah Badoud 2,5, Francesca Knecht 2,5, Mercedes
More informationRunning head: CFA OF TDI AND STICSA 1. p Factor or Negative Emotionality? Joint CFA of Internalizing Symptomology
Running head: CFA OF TDI AND STICSA 1 p Factor or Negative Emotionality? Joint CFA of Internalizing Symptomology Caspi et al. (2014) reported that CFA results supported a general psychopathology factor,
More informationRelationship between anticipatory, consummatory anhedonia and disorganization in schizotypy
Loas et al. BMC Psychiatry 2014, 14:211 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Relationship between anticipatory, consummatory anhedonia and disorganization in schizotypy Gwenolé Loas 1,2,3*, Annie Verrier 1,2,3
More informationPsychopathology, Social Adjustment and Personality Correlates of Schizotypy Clusters in a Large Nonclinical Sample
Psychopathology, Social Adjustment and Personality Correlates of Schizotypy Clusters in a Large Nonclinical Sample By: Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Kathryn E. Lewandowski, Thomas R. Kwapil Barrantes-Vidal, N.,
More informationTOWARD A MORE PSYCHOMETRICALLY SOUND BRIEF MEASURE OF SCHIZOTYPAL TRAITS: INTRODUCING THE SPQ-BRIEF REVISED
Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(4), 516 537, 2010 2010 The Guilford Press TOWARD A MORE PSYCHOMETRICALLY SOUND BRIEF MEASURE OF SCHIZOTYPAL TRAITS: INTRODUCING THE SPQ-BRIEF REVISED Alex S. Cohen,
More informationPsychometric Properties and Concurrent Validity of the Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale
Psychometric Properties and Concurrent Validity of the Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale By: Thomas R Kwapil, Monica C. Mann and Michael L. Raulin Kwapil, T.R., Mann, M.C., & Raulin, M.L. (2002). Psychometric
More informationFactor Invariance of Psychometric Schizotypy in Spanish and American Samples
Factor Invariance of Psychometric Schizotypy in Spanish and American Samples Thomas R. Kwapil, Agnès Ros-Morente, Paul J. Silvia & Neus Barrantes-Vidal Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
More informationSchizophrenia Research
Schizophrenia Research 115 (2009) 303 309 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Schizophrenia Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/schres An examination of neuroticism as a moderating
More information/ *+,- )! $ %& ' # "! 9?/6=/=> 0 : 1 < :;. /! 99/8/67 0 : 1 #. /! 55/4/* 0 : /! # #! "#$ #$ % & A B ** C D B *** 3 **** F B "GH
/ // : // : // : - - * ** *** **** -.... -.. - :. - -.DSM-IV I -. - - * نويسنده مسي ول: استاديار دانشگاه پيام نور آذربايجان شرقي. ali. mohammadzadeh@gmail. com ** استاديار دانشگاه علامه طباطبايي *** دانشيار
More informationPsychosis. Paula Gibbs, MD Department of Psychiatry University of Utah
Psychosis Paula Gibbs, MD Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Psychotic Symptoms Psychosis in a broad sense, signifies impaired reality testing ability Symptoms include: hallucinations, delusions,
More informationRunning head: CFA OF STICSA 1. Model-Based Factor Reliability and Replicability of the STICSA
Running head: CFA OF STICSA 1 Model-Based Factor Reliability and Replicability of the STICSA The State-Trait Inventory of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA; Ree et al., 2008) is a new measure of anxiety
More informationThe Content and Structure of Schizotypy: A Study Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis
The Content and Structure of Schizotypy: A Study Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis Abstract This study examined the content of subscales within a multidimensional scale of self-reported schizotypy and
More informationSchizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief: Factor structure and convergent validity in inpatient adolescents
Wesleyan University WesScholar Division III Faculty Publications Natural Sciences and Mathematics July 2001 Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief: Factor structure and convergent validity in inpatient
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS. Anxiety and depression symptoms in psychometrically identified schizotypy
DTD 5 Schizophrenia Research xx (2006) xxx xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/schres Anxiety and depression symptoms in psychometrically identified schizotypy Kathryn E. Lewandowski a, *, Neus Barrantes-Vidal
More informationProof Delivery Form Psychological Medicine Date of delivery: 22-06-2017 Journal and vol/article ref: psm PSM1700182 Number of pages (not including this page): 13 page 1 of 2 This proof is sent to you on
More informationThe SPQ: A Scale for the Assessment of Schizotypal Personality Based on DSM-III-R Criteria
VOL. 17, NO. 4, 1991 The SPQ: A Scale for the Assessment of Schizotypal Personality Based on DSM-III-R Criteria by Adrian Raine Abstract Existing self-report measures of schizotypal personality assess
More informationcognitive-perceptual, interpersonal,
VOL. 2, NO., 994 Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, and Disorganized Features of Schizotypal Personality 9 by Adrian Ralne, Chandra Reynolds, Todd Lencz, Angela Scerbo, Nelly Trlphon, and Deborah Kim
More informationThe assessment of positive dimension of the psychosis phenotype in college students
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Comprehensive Psychiatry 55 (2014) 699 707 www.elsevier.com/locate/comppsych The assessment of positive dimension of the psychosis phenotype in college
More informationWeek #1 Classification & Diagnosis
Week #1 Classification & Diagnosis 3 Categories in the Conceptualisation of Abnormality Psychological Dysfunction: Refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional or behavioural functioning. Knowing where
More informationChapter 3. Klinefelter's syndrome (karyotype 47,XXY) and schizophrenia-spectrum pathology. Sophie van Rijn, André Aleman, Hanna Swaab, René S Kahn
Chapter 3 Klinefelter's syndrome (karyotype 47,XXY) and schizophrenia-spectrum pathology Sophie van Rijn, André Aleman, Hanna Swaab, René S Kahn British Journal of Psychiatry, 2006, 189 (5), 459-461 52
More informationThe Validity And Reliability Of The Turkish Version Of The Perception Of False Self Scale
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 84 ( 2013 ) 88 92 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012) The Validity And Reliability
More informationBy: Monica C. Mann MA, Amanda G. Vaughn BA, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, PhD, Michael L. Raulin,PhD and Thomas R. Kwapil PhD
The Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale as a Marker of Schizotypy By: Monica C. Mann MA, Amanda G. Vaughn BA, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, PhD, Michael L. Raulin,PhD and Thomas R. Kwapil PhD Mann, M.C., Vaughn, A.G.,
More informationSchizotypal traits, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and social functioning in adolescents
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Comprehensive Psychiatry 51 (2010) 71 77 www.elsevier.com/locate/comppsych Schizotypal traits, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and social functioning in adolescents
More informationPsychometric Schizotypy Predicts Psychotic-like, Paranoid, and Negative Symptoms in Daily Life
Psychometric Schizotypy Predicts Psychotic-like, Paranoid, and Negative Symptoms in Daily Life By: Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Charlotte A. Chun, Inez Myin-Germeys, Thomas R. Kwapil Barrantes-Vidal, N., Chun,
More informationDifferential Item Functioning of the Full and Brief Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales in Asian, White, Hispanic, and Multiethnic Samples and Between Sexes
719509ASMXXX10.1177/1073191117719509AssessmentCicero et al. research-article2017 Article Differential Item Functioning of the Full and Brief Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales in Asian, White, Hispanic, and Multiethnic
More informationBADDS Appendix A: The Bipolar Affective Disorder Dimensional Scale, version 3.0 (BADDS 3.0)
BADDS Appendix A: The Bipolar Affective Disorder Dimensional Scale, version 3.0 (BADDS 3.0) General information The Bipolar Affective Disorder Dimension Scale (BADDS) has been developed in order to address
More informationPsychotic disorders Dr. Sarah DeLeon, MD PGYIV, Psychiatry ConceptsInPsychiatry.com
Psychotic disorders Dr. Sarah DeLeon, MD PGYIV, Psychiatry ConceptsInPsychiatry.com Introduction Psychotic spectrum disorders include schizotypal personality disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic
More informationof Nebraska - Lincoln
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research: Department of Psychology Psychology, Department of Winter 12-12-2016 Defining
More informationThe level of exposure to traumatic events within the general
ORIGINAL ARTICLES Positive Schizotypy and Trauma-Related Intrusions Sarah L. Marzillier, PhD,* and Craig Steel, PhD Abstract: The current study extends previous investigation of schizotypy as a vulnerability
More informationMultidimensional Schizotypy Scale Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief
MSS Manual 1 Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief Scale and Manual v2.5 Thomas R. Kwapil Georgina M. Gross Michael L. Raulin Paul J. Silvia Neus Barrantes-Vidal Updated
More informationThe Link between Marijuana &
The Link between Marijuana & mental illness A Survey of Recent Research OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT July 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview of Marijuana and Mental
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS. 2 Symptoms of schizotypy precede cannabis use UNCORRECTED PROOF
DTD 5 1 Psychiatry Research xx (2005) xxx xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/psychres 2 Symptoms of schizotypy precede cannabis use 3 Jason Schiffman a, T, Brad Nakamura a, Mitchell Earleywine b, Joseph LaBrie
More informationConfirmatory Factor Analysis of the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students
611456SGOXXX10.1177/2158244015611456SAGE OpenYockey and Kralowec research-article2015 Article Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students SAGE Open October-December
More informationAn Examination Of The Psychometric Properties Of The CPGI In Applied Research (OPGRC# 2328) Final Report 2007
An Examination Of The Psychometric Properties Of The CPGI In Applied Research (OPGRC# 2328) Final Report 2007 Total funds awarded: $34,980.00 Dates of period of support: November 2005 to August 2006 Sponsoring
More informationSchizophrenia: New Concepts for Therapeutic Discovery
Schizophrenia: New Concepts for Therapeutic Discovery William T. Carpenter, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Maryland Psychiatric
More informationFactorial Validity and Consistency of the MBI-GS Across Occupational Groups in Norway
Brief Report Factorial Validity and Consistency of the MBI-GS Across Occupational Groups in Norway Astrid M. Richardsen Norwegian School of Management Monica Martinussen University of Tromsø The present
More informationAssessing Measurement Invariance in the Attitude to Marriage Scale across East Asian Societies. Xiaowen Zhu. Xi an Jiaotong University.
Running head: ASSESS MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE Assessing Measurement Invariance in the Attitude to Marriage Scale across East Asian Societies Xiaowen Zhu Xi an Jiaotong University Yanjie Bian Xi an Jiaotong
More informationDifferences in stress responses : Match effects in gender, ethnicity, and social support van Well, S.M.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Differences in stress responses : Match effects in gender, ethnicity, and social support van Well, S.M. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):
More informationWulf Rössler Jules Angst Alex Gamma Helene Haker Niklaus Stulz Kathleen R. Merikangas Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
DOI 10.1007/s00406-010-0-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Reappraisal of the interplay between psychosis and depression symptoms in the pathogenesis of psychotic syndromes: results from a twenty-year prospective community
More informationUpdate on First Psychotic Episodes in Childhood and Adolescence. Cheryl Corcoran, MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry Columbia University
Update on First Psychotic Episodes in Childhood and Adolescence Cheryl Corcoran, MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry Columbia University Childhood-Onset Psychosis 8% of psychiatrically referred youth
More informationS P O U S A L R ES E M B L A N C E I N PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: A C O M PA R I SO N O F PA R E N T S O F C H I LD R E N W I T H A N D WITHOUT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Aggregation of psychopathology in a clinical sample of children and their parents S P O U S A L R ES E M B L A N C E I N PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: A C O M PA R I SO N O F PA R E N T S O F C H I LD R E N W I T H
More informationA 3-Factor Model for the FACIT-Sp
A 3-Factor Model for the FACIT-Sp Reference: Canada, Murphy, Fitchett, Peterman, Schover. Psycho-Oncology. Published Online: Dec 19, 2007; DOI: 10.1002/pon.1307. Copyright John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Investigators
More informationSchizoaffective Disorder
Roseanna Parkhurst-Gatewood MSN FNP-BC, PMHNP-BC DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder 3 A. An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive
More informationEarly Warning Signs of Psychotic Disorders and the Importance of Early Intervention
Early Warning Signs of Psychotic Disorders and the Importance of Early Intervention Margaret Migliorati, MA, LPCC The University of New Mexico mmigliorati@salud.unm.edu Mental Health As a Public Health
More informationA methodological perspective on the analysis of clinical and personality questionnaires Smits, Iris Anna Marije
University of Groningen A methodological perspective on the analysis of clinical and personality questionnaires Smits, Iris Anna Mare IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version
More informationThe Psychometric Properties of Dispositional Flow Scale-2 in Internet Gaming
Curr Psychol (2009) 28:194 201 DOI 10.1007/s12144-009-9058-x The Psychometric Properties of Dispositional Flow Scale-2 in Internet Gaming C. K. John Wang & W. C. Liu & A. Khoo Published online: 27 May
More informationJournal of Research in Personality
Journal of Research in Personality 43 (2009) 09 095 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Research in Personality journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jrp Brief Report A General Factor
More informationA 2-STAGE FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIVITY SCALE IN THE CHINESE CONTEXT
Psychologia, 2010, 53, 44 50 A 2-STAGE FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIVITY SCALE IN THE CHINESE CONTEXT Raymond C. K. CHAN 1), Yuna WANG 1), Huijie LI 1), Yanfang SHI 1), Ya WANG 1), 1) Institute
More informationNeurocognitive Correlates of Schizotypy in First Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients
Neurocognitive Correlates of Schizotypy in First Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients Abstract We examined neurocognitive correlates of three dimensions of schizotypy in 63 healthy first degree relatives
More informationStigma, well-being, attitudes to service use and transition to schizophrenia: Longitudinal findings among young people at risk of psychosis
Stigma, well-being, attitudes to service use and transition to schizophrenia: Longitudinal findings among young people at risk of psychosis Nicolas Rüsch, Mario Müller, Karsten Heekeren, Ana Theodoridou,
More informationDaria Dembińska-Krajewska, Janusz Rybakowski. Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Science
Psychiatr. Pol. 2016; 50(6): 1147 1156 PL ISSN 0033-2674 (PRINT), ISSN 2391-5854 (ONLINE) www.psychiatriapolska.pl DOI: https://doi.org/10.12740/pp/62335 The assessment of schizotypy by the O-LIFE (Oxford-Liverpool
More informationThe Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) schizotypy scale in psychiatry
Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 2014; 2: 15 22 The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) schizotypy scale in psychiatry Daria Dembińska-Krajewska, Janusz Rybakowski
More informationIncreased positive and disorganised schizotypy in synaesthete s who experience colour from letters and tones
Increased positive and disorganised schizotypy in synaesthete s who experience colour from letters and tones Michael J Banissy 1, Josephine E Cassell 2, Sian Fitzpatrick 3, Jamie Ward 4, Vincent X Walsh
More informationMichael Armey David M. Fresco. Jon Rottenberg. James J. Gross Ian H. Gotlib. Kent State University. Stanford University. University of South Florida
Further psychometric refinement of depressive rumination: Support for the Brooding and Pondering factor solution in a diverse community sample with clinician-assessed psychopathology Michael Armey David
More informationImpact and adjustment of selection bias. in the assessment of measurement equivalence
Impact and adjustment of selection bias in the assessment of measurement equivalence Thomas Klausch, Joop Hox,& Barry Schouten Working Paper, Utrecht, December 2012 Corresponding author: Thomas Klausch,
More informationPerspective-taking deficits in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a prospective investigation
Psychological Medicine, 2004, 34, 1581 1586. f 2004 Cambridge University Press DOI: 10.1017/S0033291704002703 Printed in the United Kingdom Perspective-taking deficits in people with schizophrenia spectrum
More informationWords: 1393 (excluding table and references) Exploring the structural relationship between interviewer and self-rated affective
Interviewer and self-rated affective symptoms in HD 1 Words: 1393 (excluding table and references) Tables: 1 Corresponding author: Email: Maria.Dale@leicspart.nhs.uk Tel: +44 (0) 116 295 3098 Exploring
More informationStrange-Face-in-the-Mirror Illusion and Schizotypy During Adolescence
Schizophrenia Bulletin vol. 41 suppl. no. 2 pp. S475 S482, 2015 doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu196 Strange-Face-in-the-Mirror Illusion and Schizotypy During Adolescence Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero*,1,2, Deborah Badoud
More informationValidity and reliability of physical education teachers' beliefs and intentions toward teaching students with disabilities (TBITSD) questionnaire
Advances in Environmental Biology, 7(11) Oct 201, Pages: 469-47 AENSI Journals Advances in Environmental Biology Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/aeb.html Validity and reliability of physical
More informationPersonality Disorders Explained
Personality Disorders Explained Personality Disorders Note: This information was taken pre-dsm-v. There are ten basically defined personality disorders. These are defined below in alphabetical order. Note:
More informationRelationship between personality and depression among High School Students in Tehran-Iran
Relationship between personality and depression among High School Students in Tehran-Iran Haleh Saboori Department of Psychology, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran Abstract The present
More informationFilip Raes, 1 * Elizabeth Pommier, 2 Kristin D. Neff 2 and Dinska Van Gucht 1 1 University of Leuven, Belgium
Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 18, 250 255 (2011) Published online 8 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com)..702 Assessment Construction and Factorial
More informationLATENT INHIBITION AND PSYCHOMETRICALLY DEFINED SCHIZOTYPY: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
LATENT INHIBITION AND PSYCHOMETRICALLY DEFINED SCHIZOTYPY: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Elias Tsakanikos Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University College London Department of
More informationComparison of Sensory and Semantic Information Processing in Patients with Schizophrenia, Major Depression and Normal Individuals
Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol., No. 1(5), Spring 010 Pages: 175 1389 (5 ) 1 175 : Comparison of Sensory and Semantic Information Processing in Patients with Schizophrenia, Major Depression and Normal
More informationThe Relationship between Dissociative Tendencies and Schizotypy: An Artifact of Childhood Trauma?
The Relationship between Dissociative Tendencies and Schizotypy: An Artifact of Childhood Trauma? Harvey J. Irwin University of New England Previous research has suggested a relationship between dissociative
More informationCognitive-Behavioral Assessment of Depression: Clinical Validation of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1983, Vol. 51, No. 5, 721-725 Copyright 1983 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment of Depression: Clinical Validation
More informationAnalysis of the Reliability and Validity of an Edgenuity Algebra I Quiz
Analysis of the Reliability and Validity of an Edgenuity Algebra I Quiz This study presents the steps Edgenuity uses to evaluate the reliability and validity of its quizzes, topic tests, and cumulative
More informationAuthor Note. LabDCI, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Antropole, CH-1015
Running head: ISI-3 and U-MICS FRENCH VALIDATION 1 Brief Report: The Identity Style Inventory (ISI-3) and the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS): Factor structure, reliability, and
More informationInitial Prodrome Description in Recent Onset Schizophrenia
Amr El-Shribiny et al. Initial Prodrome Description in Recent Onset Schizophrenia Amr M M El-Shribiny, Salwa M. Rabie, Hanaa S. Soliman, Refaat Mahfouz Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, El-Minia
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3 Similar observations in all subsets of the disorder. Personality Disorders. General Symptoms. Chapter 9
Slide 1 Personality Disorders Chapter 9 Slide 2 General Symptoms Problems must be part of an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates significantly from the expectations of the individual
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS. Ömer AYDEMİR 1, Burak UYKUR 2
Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2011 Reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of functioning assessment short test in bipolar disorder ARTICLE IN PRESS Ömer AYDEMİR 1, Burak UYKUR 2 SUMMARY
More informationDiagnosis of Mental Disorders. Historical Background. Rise of the Nomenclatures. History and Clinical Assessment
Diagnosis of Mental Disorders History and Clinical Assessment Historical Background For a long time confusion reigned. Every selfrespecting alienist, and certainly every professor, had his own classification.
More informationMagical ideation is related to questionnaire but not behavioural measures of handedness
LATERALITY, 2008, 13 (1), 2233 Magical ideation is related to questionnaire but not behavioural measures of handedness Gina M. Grimshaw Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand Serena
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/19052 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Manti, Eirini Title: From Categories to dimensions to evaluations : assessment
More information"The Drugs Don't Work" Eye Movements as Biomarkers in Psychopharmacology
"The Drugs Don't Work" Eye Movements as Biomarkers in Psychopharmacology ESSEM, 11.9.2014 Ulrich Ettinger Department of Psychology University of Bonn Biomarkers and Model Systems What is a biomarker? What
More informationDevelopment and Psychometric Properties of the Relational Mobility Scale for the Indonesian Population
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Relational Mobility Scale for the Indonesian Population Sukaesi Marianti Abstract This study aims to develop the Relational Mobility Scale for the Indonesian
More informationSchizotypy: Looking Back and Moving Forward. By: Thomas R. Kwapil and Neus Barrantes-Vidal
Schizotypy: Looking Back and Moving Forward By: Thomas R. Kwapil and Neus Barrantes-Vidal Kwapil, T.R., & Barrantes-Vidal, N. (2015). Schizotypy: Looking back and moving forward. Schizophrenia Bulletin,
More informationInstrument equivalence across ethnic groups. Antonio Olmos (MHCD) Susan R. Hutchinson (UNC)
Instrument equivalence across ethnic groups Antonio Olmos (MHCD) Susan R. Hutchinson (UNC) Overview Instrument Equivalence Measurement Invariance Invariance in Reliability Scores Factorial Invariance Item
More informationNovember 2014 MRC2.CORP.X.00004
This program is paid for by Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. and Lundbeck, LLC. The speaker is a paid consultant of Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. advice or professional diagnosis. Users seeking
More informationPsychiatry Research 196 (2012) Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect. Psychiatry Research
Psychiatry Research 196 (2012) 115 122 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Psychiatry Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/psychres Associations between cognitive biases and
More informationHow Are Autism and Schizotypy Related? Evidence from a Non-Clinical Population
Evidence from a Non-Clinical Population Natalie L. Dinsdale 1, Peter L. Hurd 2, Akio Wakabayashi 3, Mick Elliot 1, Bernard J. Crespi 1 * 1 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada, 2 University of Alberta,
More informationOn the Performance of Maximum Likelihood Versus Means and Variance Adjusted Weighted Least Squares Estimation in CFA
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING, 13(2), 186 203 Copyright 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. On the Performance of Maximum Likelihood Versus Means and Variance Adjusted Weighted Least Squares Estimation
More informationThe Ego Identity Process Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Convergent Validity in Dutch-Speaking Late. Adolescents
33 2 The Ego Identity Process Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Convergent Validity in Dutch-Speaking Late Adolescents Koen Luyckx, Luc Goossens, Wim Beyers, & Bart Soenens (2006). Journal
More informationThe Backward Masking Red Light Effect and Schizotypy: The Influence of Sex
Vol. 5. Issue 2.: 68-78 THE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Published December 7, 2011 The Backward Masking Red Light Effect and Schizotypy: The Influence of Sex By: Diana C. Hernandez and Andrea Y. Ranieri
More informationABSTRACT THE BEHAVIORAL SIGNATURE OF PERMAGS: EXAMINING THE BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOMETRICALLY IDENTIFIED PUTATIVE SCHIZOTYPES
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: THE BEHAVIORAL SIGNATURE OF PERMAGS: EXAMINING THE BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOMETRICALLY IDENTIFIED PUTATIVE SCHIZOTYPES Clifton Chamberlin, Master of Arts, 2005 Thesis
More informationThe Sense of Incompleteness as a Motivating Factor in Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Conceptualization and Clinical Correlates
+ The Sense of Incompleteness as a Motivating Factor in Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Conceptualization and Clinical Correlates Katherine Crowe & Dean McKay, Fordham University Steve Taylor, University
More informationDevelopment of a Computerized Adaptive Test for Schizotypy Assessment
Development of a Computerized Adaptive Test for Schizotypy Assessment Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero 1,3 *, Luis Fernando Menéndez 2, Mercedes Paino 2,3, Serafín Lemos-Giráldez 2,3, José Muñiz 2,3 1 Department
More informationWesleyan University. From the SelectedWorks of Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
Wesleyan University From the SelectedWorks of Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D. January, 2002 Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM-IV schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessivecompulsive personality disorders:
More informationEmotional Correlates of the Different Dimensions of Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Journal of Abnormal Psychology Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association 2006, Vol. 115, No. 2, 359 368 0021-843X/06/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.2.359 Emotional Correlates of the Different
More informationAbstract. Introduction
Does Assessment Type Matter? A Measurement Invariance Analysis of Online and Paper and Pencil Assessment of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) Marloes Vleeschouwer 1 *, Chris D. Schubart
More informationMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profile characteristics of schizotypal personality disorder
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences (2002), 56, 443 452 Regular Article Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profile characteristics of schizotypal personality disorder MIÉ MATSUI, phd, 1 TOMIKI
More informationEVALUATION OF WORRY IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND PERSECUTORY DELUSION COMPARED WITH GENERAL POPULATION
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series VI: Medical Sciences Vol. 7 (56) No. 1-2014 EVALUATION OF WORRY IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND PERSECUTORY DELUSION COMPARED WITH GENERAL POPULATION
More informationSUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
Risk factors for the development and outcome of childhood psychopathology SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION Chapter 147 In this chapter I present a summary of the results of the studies described in this thesis followed
More information