Protozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Protozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp."

Transcription

1 Protozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp. Nimit Morakote, Ph.D. 1

2 Protozoa-Simple classification Amoebapseudopodium(a) Flagellate- flagellum(a) Ciliate- cilia Sporozoa- spore, sex Microsporidiummicrospore with polar tube New classification= fungus 2

3 Amoeba Trophozoite feeding stage, movement and feeding by pseudopodia Grow and multiply by binary fission 1 nucleus 3

4 Cyst Trophozoite -> adverse environment -> stop feeding -> cyst wall -> cyst transfer stage, non-feeding resistant to environment Immature -> Mature, Infective cyst 4

5 Pathogenic amoeba of man Intestinal amoeba Entamoeba histolytica Obligatory parasite Free-living amoeba (live in soil and water) Naegleria fowleri Acanthamoeba spp. Balamuthia mandrillaris 5

6 Entamoeba histolytica Human and primate = Definitive host Parasitize the large intestine Simple life cycle 6 6

7 Disease Amebic colitis -> amebic dysentery (Intestinal amoebiasis) Hematogenous spread to liver -> Amebic liver abscess other organs (e.g., lung, brain abscess) Stanley SL (2003) Lancet 7 7

8 Signs and symptoms Intestinal amoebiasis (บ ดม ต ว) Tenesmus, abdominal pain dysenteric stool (mucus with blood) fowl smell Amoebic liver abscess Fever, right upper quadrant abdominal pain 8

9 Epidemiology Waterborne outbreak >325 water-associated outbreaks of parasitic protozoan disease North American and European outbreaks accounted for 93% G. duodenalis 40.6%, C. parvum 50.8%, E. histolytica 2.8%, C. cayetanensis 1.8%, T. gondii 0.9%, I. belli 0.9%, B. hominis 0.6% B. coli, microsporidia, Acanthamoeba and N. fowleri - 0.3%each Karanis P, Kourenti C, Smith H. Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. J Water Health Mar;5(1):1-38. Review. 9 9

10 A survey reveals existence of both E. histolytica and E. dispar in the same area In general population, prevalence of E. dispar 10X more than E. histolytica Only about 10% of cyst carriers develop intestinal amoebiasis High prevalence among communities with poor socioeconomic conditions and sanitary level. 10

11 A survey in Phang-Nga province (Intarapuk A, et al, 2009) 455 fecal samples- 30 samples positive for cysts 12 (40%) E. histolytica 6 (20%) E. dispar 10 (33%) Mixed infection A survey in rural communities in Malaysia (Ngui R, et al, 2012) 63.5% E. histolytica; 19.2% E. dispar, 11.5% mixed infection 11

12 Diagnosis Intestinal amoebiasis Stool exam for trophozoites Fresh dysenteric stool -> smear in saline -> active movement with lobopodia (directional) Ingested red blood cells are suggestive Permanent stain Differentiate from E. dispar by immunological or molecular technique 12 12

13 Permanent stain Nuclear characteristics: Concentric karyosome and even peripheral chromatin distribution 13

14 Prevention & Treatment Prevention Boiled or filtered water Cook food Personal hygiene Treatment Metronidazole (Flagyl) Tinidazole 14 14

15 Pathogenic free-living amoebae Name Disease Affected organ Onset Entry Naegleria fowleri PAM Brain Acute Nose Acanthamoeba GAE Brain Subacut e Balamuthia mandrillaris keratitis Eye Eye GAE Brain Subacut e/ chronic Skin/ lung Skin/ lung PAM, primary amoebic meningoencephalitis GAE, granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis 15

16 Naegleria fowleri (Amoeboflagellate) Trophozoite with lobopodia m Flagellate form Cyst, 8-12 m 1 nucleus 16

17 Naegleria fowleri 17

18 Clinical manifestation Acute onset Stiff neck, sore throat, severe headache, vomiting, seizure, coma IP 3-7 days after exposure, dead within 10 days 18

19 Epidemiology Worldwide USA, = 138 known cases; mostly in southern part Swimming in lake or ponds with warm water Considered low risk 19

20 Diagnosis History of swimming in natural ponds helps diagnosis CSF exam Hanging drop prep -> flagellate culture in nutrient agar -> colony -> trophozoites and cysts Autopsy Brain tissues- only trophozoite with large karyosome, no cyst 20

21 Enflagellation test 21

22 Prevention Chlorine in swimming pool 1-2 ppm Avoid swimming in natural pond especially winter to summer Wear nose clip Blow the nose 22

23 Treatment Miltefosine or combination antimicrobial therapy: amphotericin B, Azithromycine, rifampin, and azole drugs Intensive supportive care is required Only a few from hundred cases survive 23

24 24

25 Acanthamoeba Uninucleated trophozoites with acanthopodia, m www2.le.ac.uk Cysts - polygonal, stellate, oval or spherical endocysts, m - 1 nucleus 25

26 Pathogenic to man A. castellani, A. culbersoni, A. diviornensis, A. hatchetti, A. healyi, A. polyphaga, A. rhysodes Found in environment: Air, fresh and sea water, soil, dust, polluted water around industrial area, Jacucci tubs, dental irrigation unit, etc. 26

27 Disease Granulomatous acanthamoebic encephalitis Occur mostly in debilitated or immunocompromised persons (Naegleriahealthy person) Primary infection at the skin (ulcer) or lung, then spread hematogenously, or via olfactory nerve Acanthamoebic keratitis (in healthy persons) Mostly in soft contact lens wearer 27

28 Symptoms GAE Mental status changes, Seizures, Hemiparesis, Fever, Headache, Meningismus Subacute onset; IP 8-30 days 28

29 Acanthamoebic keratitis Keratitis Begins with a foreign-body sensation followed by pain, tearing, photophobia, blepharospasm, and blurred vision (IP only a few days) 29

30 Diagnosis Diagnosis CSF culture in nutrient agar seeded with intestinal bacteria Autopsy Brain tissues- both trophozoite (large karyosome) and cysts Keratitis Corneal scraping Stain or culture in nutrient agar seeded with E.coli 30

31 31

32 Prevention Personal hygiene Avoid contact with soil Clean contact lens 32

33 Treatment GAE Combination antimicrobial therapy- Amphothericin B, Rifampin, etc. Miltefosine Keratitis 0.1% and miconazole nitrate 1% with neomycin or diamide (propamidine isethionate or hexamidine) with a cationic antiseptic (polyhexamethylene biguanide [PHMB] or chlorhexidine) for 1-12 months 33

34 Balamuthia mandrillaris Genetically related to Acanthamoeba Found in mandrill in San Diego Zoo, died of meningoencephalitis About 100 Cases of GAE- healthy people with emphasis on very young and very old age 34

35 Trophozoitesuninucleated 15 to 60 µm in length ( 550) Enter human body via skin and respiratory route, then hematogenously spread to brain Cysts-uninucleated µm 35

36 Epidemiology Infect both healthy and debilitated persons Contact with soil, organ transplant Risk factors People with HIV/AIDS, cancer, liver disease, or diabetes mellitus People taking immune system inhibiting drugs Alcoholics Young children or the elderly Pregnant women 100 cases worldwide (USA, Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Thailand) 36

37 Clinical manifestation Subacute or chronic disease (3 mo-2 yr) Initially headache, stiff neck, nausea, fever Followed by Headache, fever, nausea, mental state abnormalities, irritability, hemiparesis, cranial nerve palsies, hallucinations, photophobia, sleep and speech disturbance, and seizures May have unusual skin lesions that persist over months 37

38 LAB DIAGNOSIS Wet mount of CSF for amoebae In vitro culture in mammalian cell monolayer Autopsy- brain section, speciation by anti- Balamuthia serum Treatment: combination anti-microbial therapy Prognosis: Extremely poor, mortality rate >98% 38

39 Case reports in Thailand PAM- 12 cases, First case report- B.E ศร ษะเกษ อ บลฯ นครปฐม สม ทรปราการ กร งเทพฯ GAE- 11 cases อ บลฯ ส พรรณ กาญจนบ ร นครปฐม กร งเทพฯ Acanthamoebic keratitis 5 cases BAE- 1 case motorcycle accident pond -chronic nasal lesion 39

40 Demonstration E. histolytica permanent stain: observe nuclear characteristics Preserved specimens: Iodine stain and search for E. histolytica by microscope Acanthamoeba wet mount: observe trophozoite and cyst morphology 40

41 End of lecture 41

Protozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp.

Protozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp. Protozoa: Introduction and classification Amoebae I. Pathogenic amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp. Nimit Morakote, Ph.D. Protozoa-Simple classification Amoeba- pseudopodium(a)

More information

Pathogenic amoebae and ciliate. Dr. Narissara Jariyapan Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University

Pathogenic amoebae and ciliate. Dr. Narissara Jariyapan Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Pathogenic amoebae and ciliate Dr. Narissara Jariyapan Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Objectives After the lecture, students must know 1. General morphology of pathogenic

More information

FREE-LIVING PROTOZOA. PAM GAE; skin or lung lesions amebic keratitis; GAE; skin or lung lesions

FREE-LIVING PROTOZOA. PAM GAE; skin or lung lesions amebic keratitis; GAE; skin or lung lesions FREE-LIVING PROTOZOA Ameba Naegleria fowleri Acanthamoeba sp. Balamuthia mandrillaris Diseases PAM GAE; skin or lung lesions amebic keratitis; GAE; skin or lung lesions Naegleria fowleri ubiquitous in

More information

Pathogenic Free-Living Amebae

Pathogenic Free-Living Amebae Pathogenic Free-Living Amebae Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) Acanthamoeba spp. granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) granulomatous skin and lung lesions (primarily immunocompromised)

More information

TYPES OF ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS

TYPES OF ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS TYPES OF ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS Normal Flora. Normal flora consists of microorganisms that are normally and consistently found in or on the body in the absence of disease. Symbiosis. This is the close

More information

Section 9: Amebic Meningitis/Encephalitis

Section 9: Amebic Meningitis/Encephalitis Section 9: Amebic Meningitis/Encephalitis BASIC EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia are microscopic, free-living amebae (single-celled living organisms). Naegleria

More information

Classification - Protozoa. Parasitology Intestinal Amoeba. Stools for O&P Examination. Stool Specimen. What to look for.

Classification - Protozoa. Parasitology Intestinal Amoeba. Stools for O&P Examination. Stool Specimen. What to look for. Classification - Protozoa Parasitology Intestinal Amoeba Phylum Phylum Sarcomastigophora Sarcomastigophora Subkingdom Subkingdom Protozoa Protozoa Phylum Phylum Ciliophora Ciliophora Phylum Phylum Apicomplexa

More information

Non_ pathogenic Amoeba of humans:

Non_ pathogenic Amoeba of humans: The parasite protozoa Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Sarcodina االميبات Amoebae Non_ pathogenic Amoeba of humans: 1. Entamoeba hartmanii, contain trophozoite and cyst 2. Entamoeba coli, cyst and trophozoite

More information

Flagellates I Genito-urinary & Intestinal flagellates

Flagellates I Genito-urinary & Intestinal flagellates Flagellates I Genito-urinary & Intestinal flagellates Dr. Anuluck Junkum PARA 317221 Objective Can describe the morphology, life cycle, pathology, diagnosis and prevention of pathogenic flagellate Classification

More information

CNS parasitic infections. Jarmila Klieščiková, MD 1.LF UK

CNS parasitic infections. Jarmila Klieščiková, MD 1.LF UK CNS parasitic infections Jarmila Klieščiková, MD 1.LF UK Cosmopolite distribution Low prevalence Interference with underlying diseases (immunocompromised state) Treatment not always available Main pathogens

More information

Classification of protozoa

Classification of protozoa Protozoa ( 原虫 ) General Account One-cell animal monocellular or unicellular organisms with full vital functions Species total named species:65,000; parasitic: around 10,000 Classification of protozoa Amoebae

More information

PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 15 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia)

PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 15 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia) PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 15 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia) A biopsy was performed on a 27-year-old man with no known travel history, presenting with a perianal ulcer. The specimen was preserved in formalin

More information

PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 8 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia)

PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 8 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia) PARASITOLOGY CASE HISTORY 8 (HISTOLOGY) (Lynne S. Garcia) A 12 year-old male presented with a one-day history of fever and headache on the right side. Two days after admission, he developed a stiff neck

More information

Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)

Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis) Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis) An acute bacterial disease involving the large and distal small intestine, caused by the bacteria of the genus shigella. Infectious agent Shigella is comprised of four

More information

Educational Introduction and Protocol for Molecular diagnosis of Acanthamoeba infection

Educational Introduction and Protocol for Molecular diagnosis of Acanthamoeba infection Educational Introduction and Protocol for Molecular diagnosis of Acanthamoeba infection Introduction: Acanthamoeba spp. are a family of free-living protozoans ubiquitously distributed in the environment,

More information

Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diseases. (Amoebiasis)

Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diseases. (Amoebiasis) Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diseases (Amoebiasis) Sarah Alharbi Clinical Laboratory department Collage of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University This document contains materials modified or

More information

Parasitology. Lab. Amoeba

Parasitology. Lab. Amoeba Parasitology. Lab. Kingdom : Protista Subkingdom : Protozoa Phylum : Sacromastigophora Subphylum : Sarcodina Superclass : Rhizopoda Class : Lobosea Order : Amoebida Amoeba Protozoa Amoebae geneus Entamoeba

More information

CHAPTER FOUR. Intestinal Amebae

CHAPTER FOUR. Intestinal Amebae PART II Protozoa CHAPTER FOUR Intestinal Amebae OUTLINE INTESTINAL AMEBAE Entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar (EN-ta-MEE-buh HIS-toe-LIT-I-ka/EN-ta-MEEbuh DIS-par) Entamoeba hartmanni (EN-ta-MEE-buh

More information

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 23 Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors Parasitic Diseases Protozoan and helminthic parasites are emerging as serious

More information

American Association of Bioanalysts 5615 Kirby Drive, Suite 870 Houston, TX

American Association of Bioanalysts 5615 Kirby Drive, Suite 870 Houston, TX Q3 2018 Parasitology American Association of Bioanalysts 5615 Kirby Drive, Suite 870 Houston, TX 77005 800-234-5315 281-436-5357 Specimen 1 Referees Extent 1 Extent 2 Total Few to 534 Giardia lamblia Many

More information

INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS

INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS The protozoa that parasitise the human intestine belong to four groups: amoebae, flagellates, ciliates and coccidia. In general, the intestinal amoebae, flagellates and

More information

1 Trophozoite stage : The typical characteristics of this stage are :

1 Trophozoite stage : The typical characteristics of this stage are : Lecturer : Nerran K.F.AL- Rubaey Practical parasites Lab - 2 - Genus : Entamoeba coli It is considered to be a nonpathogenic with world wide distribution. That frequently exists as a commensal parasite

More information

Alberta Health and Wellness Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines August 2011

Alberta Health and Wellness Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines August 2011 August 2011 Amoebiasis Revision Dates Case Definition Reporting Requirements Remainder of the Guideline (i.e., Etiology to References sections inclusive) Case Definition August 2011 August 2011 October

More information

Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology

Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Research Article ISSN: 2349 7114 Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Journal home page: www.ajrpsb.com ENTAMO ENTAMOEBA COLI AS STRONG PHAGOCYTIC PARASITIC ORGANISM Mosab

More information

Amoebiasis. (Amoebic dysentery)

Amoebiasis. (Amoebic dysentery) Amoebiasis (Amoebic dysentery) Causative agent: Entamoeba histolytica Amoebiasis Harbouring of protozoa E. histolytica inside the body with or without disease only 10% of infected develop disease two types

More information

Giardiasis. Table of Contents

Giardiasis. Table of Contents Table of Contents Case Definition... Error! Bookmark not defined. Reporting Requirements... 2 Etiology... Error! Bookmark not defined. Clinical Presentation... Error! Bookmark not defined. Diagnosis...

More information

Acanthameba Keratitis

Acanthameba Keratitis Acanthameba Keratitis CHARALAMBOS S. SIGANOS, MD, PHD ASSOC. PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF CRETE DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY HERAKLION UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL CRETE GREECE I declare no conflict

More information

3-Mutualism: It is a relationship between two. organisms; one called. or harmless. 2-Commensalism: It is a relationship in which one

3-Mutualism: It is a relationship between two. organisms; one called. or harmless. 2-Commensalism: It is a relationship in which one Host-Parasite relationships Symbiosis: It is the permanent relationship between two dissimilar organisms which depending each others. They are three types 1- Parasitism : It is a relationship between two

More information

Critical Masses. MIDG October 2015 Myra Hardy, Jeremy Carr, Tony He, Nigel Curtis

Critical Masses. MIDG October 2015 Myra Hardy, Jeremy Carr, Tony He, Nigel Curtis Critical Masses MIDG October 2015 Myra Hardy, Jeremy Carr, Tony He, Nigel Curtis Case 2 16yo F 2 weeks focal seizures Intermittent left hemiparesis and sensory symptoms Headache PMHX: Asthma on Seretide

More information

Unusual Presentation of Multiple Nerve Palsies with Granulomatous encephalitis Due to Acanthamoeba Species

Unusual Presentation of Multiple Nerve Palsies with Granulomatous encephalitis Due to Acanthamoeba Species Human Parasitic Diseases Case report Open Access Full open access to this and thousands of other papers at http://www.la-press.com. Unusual Presentation of Multiple Nerve Palsies with Granulomatous encephalitis

More information

Entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar. A. Haghighi,

Entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar. A. Haghighi, Entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar A. Haghighi, Wednesday, February 14, 2018 Classification of Protozoa? The protozoa are generally unicellular and may be divided for convenience, into four distinct groups

More information

PARASITE MRS. OHOUD S.ALHUMAIDAN

PARASITE MRS. OHOUD S.ALHUMAIDAN PARASITE MRS. OHOUD S.ALHUMAIDAN OUTLINE Intruduction Important terms classification of hosts Mode of parasitic infections General Classification of parasites Specific Classification of parasites Protozoa

More information

LASOP Case Presentation. Andrea D Auria, D.O. University of Southern California Department of Pathology

LASOP Case Presentation. Andrea D Auria, D.O. University of Southern California Department of Pathology LASOP Case Presentation Andrea D Auria, D.O. University of Southern California Department of Pathology Clinical Presentation 62 year old male With a history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 2 months status

More information

EVALUATION OF PROTOZOAN PARASITES CAUSING DIARRHOEA IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS

EVALUATION OF PROTOZOAN PARASITES CAUSING DIARRHOEA IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS EVALUATION OF PROTOZOAN PARASITES CAUSING DIARRHOEA IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS Uday Shankar 1, Saral J. Ghosh 2 1Post Graduate Student, Department of Microbiology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur,

More information

Learning Objectives. 3. Epidemiology distribution; endemic; 4. Basic Morphology 5. Name of diesease 6. Prevention and Control

Learning Objectives. 3. Epidemiology distribution; endemic; 4. Basic Morphology 5. Name of diesease 6. Prevention and Control Learning Objectives At the end of the class student will able to state 1. Life cycle Environment, Human, Animals 2. Name of parasite: (Genus), (Species) 3. Epidemiology distribution; endemic; 4. Basic

More information

Free living amoebae and human disease

Free living amoebae and human disease Free living amoebae and human disease Evan Bursle Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology Whitmore Street Taringa, Qld 4068, Australia Email: evanbursle@gmail.com Jennifer Robson Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology Whitmore

More information

Flagellates. Dr. Anuluck Junkum PARA

Flagellates. Dr. Anuluck Junkum PARA Flagellates Dr. Anuluck Junkum PARA 317242 Objective Can describe the morphology, life cycle, pathology, diagnosis and prevention of pathogenic flagellates Classification of Protozoa Based on locomotive

More information

Genus : Chilomastix mesnili Considered to be a non-pathogen, it ' s resides in cecum and colon. The life cycle of this parasite have two stages :

Genus : Chilomastix mesnili Considered to be a non-pathogen, it ' s resides in cecum and colon. The life cycle of this parasite have two stages : Lecturer : Nerran K.F.AL- Rubaey Practical parasites Lab - 4 - Genus : Chilomastix mesnili Considered to be a non-pathogen, it ' s resides in cecum and colon. The life cycle of this parasite have two stages

More information

Nasreen A. Syed, MD F.C. Blodi Eye Pathology Laboratory University of Iowa

Nasreen A. Syed, MD F.C. Blodi Eye Pathology Laboratory University of Iowa Nasreen A. Syed, MD F.C. Blodi Eye Pathology Laboratory University of Iowa No financial interest in any of the material discussed in this presentation There will be discussion of off label use of medications,

More information

Giardia lamblia (flagellates)

Giardia lamblia (flagellates) Giardia lamblia (flagellates) Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Giardia lamblia (Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis) is the causative agent of giardiasis and is the only common pathogenic protozoan found

More information

Ameba has two stages of development: cyst and trophozoite

Ameba has two stages of development: cyst and trophozoite Amebiasis A parasitic disease of worldwide public health importance Second to malaria in mortality due to protozoan parasites Invasive amebiasis results in up to 100,000 deaths / year Amebiasis is infection

More information

Schistosome life cycle.

Schistosome life cycle. Schistosomiasis infects approximately 200 million persons and kills approximately 280,000 annually. Most of the mortality comes from hepatic granulomas and fibrosis Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma

More information

News and Notes. Parasitology Comprehensive 2 October Sample Preparation and Quality Control. 12 K (All Parasites)

News and Notes. Parasitology Comprehensive 2 October Sample Preparation and Quality Control. 12 K (All Parasites) NEW YORK STATE Parasitology Proficiency Testing Program News and Notes Recent reports in the literature have indicated a high rate of Cryptosporidium sp. false positive associated with Rapid Cartridge

More information

What is cryptosporidiosis? How is cryptosporidiosis spread?

What is cryptosporidiosis? How is cryptosporidiosis spread? What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by microscopic parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium. Once an animal or person is infected, the parasite lives in the intestine

More information

Dr. Jabar Etaby Lecture GIARDIASIS(lambliasis) Etiology: Giardia lamblia (flagellate)

Dr. Jabar Etaby Lecture GIARDIASIS(lambliasis) Etiology: Giardia lamblia (flagellate) Dr. Jabar Etaby Lecture Two GIARDIASIS(lambliasis) Etiology: Giardia lamblia (flagellate) Epidemiology: It has worldwide distribution and is not uncommon in South Carolina. It is the most frequent protozoan

More information

Many of you asked about this topic

Many of you asked about this topic Many of you asked about this topic Water borne disease: The largest water quality problem in developing countries. CEE 3510 Environmental Quality Engineering According to: Chemical and Engineering News

More information

CASE 2 - PARASITOLOGY ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA DR. SALAMA ABD MEGUID

CASE 2 - PARASITOLOGY ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA DR. SALAMA ABD MEGUID CASE 2 - PARASITOLOGY ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA DR. SALAMA ABD MEGUID G/D Host Reserv Infect Stage MOT Division Diagnos Stage Life Cycle Worldwide but especially Africa, China, Latin America and South East

More information

FACT OR ARTIFACT LEARN THE KEYS TO DIFFERENTIATE PARASITES FROM ARTIFACTS

FACT OR ARTIFACT LEARN THE KEYS TO DIFFERENTIATE PARASITES FROM ARTIFACTS FACT OR ARTIFACT LEARN THE KEYS TO DIFFERENTIATE PARASITES FROM ARTIFACTS ACMLT CONFERENCE OCTOBER 1, 2005 PRESENTED BY PAULINE TOMLIN Public Health Microbiology 2 FACT OR ARTIFACT Many body sites and

More information

Amebiasis rev Jan 2018

Amebiasis rev Jan 2018 rev Jan 2018 BASIC EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite. The trophozoite is the active form of the parasite which causes symptoms. Cysts are the infectious form which

More information

Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy. Medical Parasitology

Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy. Medical Parasitology Dr. Abdullah A. Hama Microbiology/ parasitology and virology ( Chapter 1) Text book: 7-695-57059-1-978 Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy Medical Parasitology Lec. 2 part 1 Protozoa/ class: Sarcodina

More information

Overview IMPORTANCE CLASSIFICATION SPECIMEN COLLECTION PROTOZOA WORMS BLOOD PARASITES ARTHROPODS DELUSIONAL PARASITOSIS QUIZZES GROSS

Overview IMPORTANCE CLASSIFICATION SPECIMEN COLLECTION PROTOZOA WORMS BLOOD PARASITES ARTHROPODS DELUSIONAL PARASITOSIS QUIZZES GROSS IMPORTANCE Overview CLASSIFICATION SPECIMEN COLLECTION PROTOZOA WORMS BLOOD PARASITES ARTHROPODS DELUSIONAL PARASITOSIS QUIZZES GROSS - Of 6.6 billion people on Earth, 2.7 billion live on

More information

Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba histolytica Occurence: -cosmopolitan amoeba lives in the form of trophozoite and cyst in the human colon, but in multifocal invasions may locate various organs including the lungs, -common in

More information

MINI REVIEW PRIMARY MENINGOENCEPHALITIS CAUSED BY NAEGLERIA FOWLERI: A MINI REVIEW

MINI REVIEW PRIMARY MENINGOENCEPHALITIS CAUSED BY NAEGLERIA FOWLERI: A MINI REVIEW MINI REVIEW PRIMARY MENINGOENCEPHALITIS CAUSED BY NAEGLERIA FOWLERI: A MINI REVIEW Hassan Bin-Asif, Syed Abid Ali * H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological

More information

cytoplasm contains two 2 nuclei and two parabasal bodies (Figure 7).

cytoplasm contains two 2 nuclei and two parabasal bodies (Figure 7). Dr. Jabar Etaby Lecture one GIARDIASIS (lambliasis) Etiology: Giardia lamblia (flagellate) Epidemiology: It has worldwide distribution and is not uncommon in South Carolina. It is the most frequent protozoan

More information

Giardiasis Surveillance Protocol

Giardiasis Surveillance Protocol Provider Responsibilities 1. Report all cases to your local health department by completing the provider section of the WVEDSS form within the timeframe indicated: Sporadic case of - should be reported

More information

Blastocystosis. Blastocystis Research Foundation 5060 SW Philomath Blvd, #202 Corvallis, OR

Blastocystosis. Blastocystis Research Foundation 5060 SW Philomath Blvd, #202 Corvallis, OR Blastocystosis Blastocystis Research Foundation 5060 SW Philomath Blvd, #202 Corvallis, OR 97333 851-572-9701 www.bhomcenter.org Blastocystosis (Blastocystis Infection) What is Blastocystosis? Blastocystosis

More information

Parasitic Infections in Central Nervous System. Saleha Sungkar

Parasitic Infections in Central Nervous System. Saleha Sungkar Parasitic Infections in Central Nervous System Saleha Sungkar Malaria Aetiology: P. falciparum P. vivax P. malariae P. ovale Trias: fever, anemia and splenomegaly Plasmodium falciparum Its specific behaviour:

More information

Foodborne Disease in the Region of Peel

Foodborne Disease in the Region of Peel Foodborne Disease in the Region of Peel HIGHLIGHTS The incidence of selected foodborne diseases was generally higher in Peel than in Ontario between 1993 and 22. A higher incidence was observed in Peel

More information

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 MYCOLOGY OUTLINE. 1. Type of cell. 2. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 MYCOLOGY OUTLINE. 1. Type of cell. 2. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 MYCOLOGY OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION TO THE KINGDOM FUNGI DOMAIN EUKARYA A. General Characteristics 1. Type of cell 2. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular

More information

ccess safe drinking wa r is everyone s right Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease

ccess safe drinking wa r is everyone s right Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease ccess safe drinking wa r is everyone s right Protozoa: Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entameba histolytica 3. Cryptosporidium parvum 4. Cyclospora cayetanensis 1 Giardia

More information

SPONTANEOUS GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS : REPORT OF FOUR CASES FROM THAILAND

SPONTANEOUS GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS : REPORT OF FOUR CASES FROM THAILAND SPONTANEOUS GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS : REPORT OF FOUR CASES FROM THAILAND Tumtip Sangruchi 1, Augusto Julio Martinez 2, and Govinda S Visvesvara 3 1Department of Pathology, Siriraj Hospital Mahidol

More information

Downloaded from:

Downloaded from: Phu, NH; Hoang Mai, NT; Nghia, HD; Chau, TT; Loc, PP; Thai, leh; Phuong, TM; Thai, CQ; Man, DN; Van Vinh Chau, N; Nga, TV; Campbell, J; Baker, S; Whitehorn, J (2013) Fatal consequences of freshwater pearl

More information

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Department of Civil Engineering. Zerihun Alemayehu

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Department of Civil Engineering. Zerihun Alemayehu CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY AND HEALTH Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Department of Civil Engineering Water Treatment Zerihun Alemayehu Some Water Facts Body composition Body, 65% water; blood, 83%; bones,

More information

Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Protozoa: This is what he saw in his own stool sample. Morphology 10/14/2009. Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease

Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Protozoa: This is what he saw in his own stool sample. Morphology 10/14/2009. Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease Access to safe drinking water is everyone s right Anton van Leeuwenhoek Protozoa: Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease This is what he saw in his own stool sample 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entameba histolytica

More information

Access to safe drinking water is everyone s right. Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease

Access to safe drinking water is everyone s right. Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease Access to safe drinking water is everyone s right Protozoa: Protozoans that cause diarrheal disease 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entameba histolytica 3. Cryptosporidium parvum 4. Cyclospora cayetanensis 1 Giardia

More information

Free Living Ameba Case Report

Free Living Ameba Case Report Revised 1/27/2012 Free Living Ameba Case Report CDC USE ONLY Date of Report: Demographics Patient s Last Name First M.I. Age Gender: Ethnicity: Hispanic n-hispanic Race: White Black Asian/Pacific Islander

More information

African Trypanosomes

African Trypanosomes African Trypanosomes Giemsa-stained blood smear of African trypanosomes viewed under the 100X objective lens. The block arrows denote trypomastigote forms of the African trypanosomes found within the blood

More information

Alberta Health and Wellness Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines August 2011

Alberta Health and Wellness Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines August 2011 August 2011 Giardiasis Revision Dates Case Definition Reporting Requirements Remainder of the Guideline (i.e., Etiology to References sections inclusive) Case Definition August 2011 August 2011 October

More information

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Symbiosis living together An association between two or more species and one species is typically dependent on the other Mutualism - Commensalism - Parasitism - Infection

More information

Parasitology. Helminthology (Helminths)

Parasitology. Helminthology (Helminths) Parasitology Protozoology (Protozoa) Helminthology (Helminths) Entomology (Arthropodes) Platyhelminthes (flat worms) Nematheminthes (round worms) Trematodes Nematodes Cestodes Collection of the specimens

More information

Chapter 7 Protists: A Microbial Grab Bag

Chapter 7 Protists: A Microbial Grab Bag Chapter 7 Protists: A Microbial Grab Bag Objectives: After reading Chapter Seven, you should understand The general features of protists, including their structures and physiology. The characteristics

More information

Introduction to Medical Parasitology

Introduction to Medical Parasitology Introduction to Medical Parasitology Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Human Medical Parasitology Human parasitology is

More information

Bacteriology Virology Mycology Parasitology Immunology Pathology Epidemiology. Microbe alternate terms Germs, microorganisms, pathogens, agents, bugs

Bacteriology Virology Mycology Parasitology Immunology Pathology Epidemiology. Microbe alternate terms Germs, microorganisms, pathogens, agents, bugs 1 BIO 205 Microbiology for Health Professionals The study of microscopic agents as they relate to human health The causes of infectious disease. The control of infectious disease. Host defenses against

More information

CHAPTER 7 Medical/Surgical Asepsis and Infection Control

CHAPTER 7 Medical/Surgical Asepsis and Infection Control CHAPTER 7 Medical/Surgical Asepsis and Infection Control 1 Slide 1 Microorganisms Microscopic. Naturally present on and in the human body and environment. Some microorganisms (pathogens) cause specific

More information

Acanthamoeba Keratitis in a Non-contact Lens Wearer: A Challenge in Diagnosis and Management

Acanthamoeba Keratitis in a Non-contact Lens Wearer: A Challenge in Diagnosis and Management JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2014;4(2):419-423 Acanthamoeba Keratitis in a Non-contact Lens Wearer: A Challenge in Diagnosis and Management Dian Eka Putri, Lukman Edwar, Made Susiyanti Department of Ophthalmology,

More information

Waterborne Protozoan Pathogens

Waterborne Protozoan Pathogens CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Jan. 1997, p. 67 85 Vol. 10, No. 1 0893-8512/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Waterborne Protozoan Pathogens MARILYN M. MARSHALL, DONNA NAUMOVITZ,

More information

Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba histolytica cosmopolitan distribution no animal reservoirs facultative pathogen most clear the infection spontaneous in 6-12 months with mild or no symptoms can cause a serious invasive disease

More information

2) In what two ways do Archaea differ from true bacteria?

2) In what two ways do Archaea differ from true bacteria? STATION 1: 1) Explain the benefit of saprotrophic bacteria/fungi. 2) In what two ways do Archaea differ from true bacteria? 3) When transitioning from a low power to a higher power on a microscope, describe

More information

PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN PATIENTS VISITING AT ICDDR B HOSPITAL, DHAKA

PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN PATIENTS VISITING AT ICDDR B HOSPITAL, DHAKA J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 39(1): 117-123, June 213 PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN PATIENTS VISITING AT ICDDR B HOSPITAL, DHAKA SHAHELA ALAM, HAMIDA KHANUM 1, RIMI FARHANA ZAMAN AND

More information

After Reading discuss the following: 1. Based on the article, will you change any of your swimming habits? Why or Why not?

After Reading discuss the following: 1. Based on the article, will you change any of your swimming habits? Why or Why not? As you read: Demonstrate evidence of a close reading by marking segments that are important, segments that are confusing, issues that your group should discuss. Common Core Reading Practice Article of

More information

PARASITOLOGY INTRODUCTION

PARASITOLOGY INTRODUCTION PARASITOLOGY INTRODUCTION DEFINITION Parasite means : one who eats at the table of another. Differs from bacteria and viruses in their complex life cycles, intermediate hosts and chronicity. Evolved to

More information

Risk to public health associated with private water supplies. Dr Emmanuel Okpo

Risk to public health associated with private water supplies. Dr Emmanuel Okpo Risk to public health associated with private water supplies Dr Emmanuel Okpo Private Water Supply Workshop October 2013 Outline Water quality standards/drivers Contaminants (pathogens, chemicals) Population

More information

Lecture 1 Dr. Jabar Etaby OTHER INTESTINAL PROTOZOA

Lecture 1 Dr. Jabar Etaby OTHER INTESTINAL PROTOZOA Lecture 1 Dr. Jabar Etaby OTHER INTESTINAL PROTOZOA Classification Higher order taxa Domain : Eukaryota, Phylum : Ciliophora, Class : Litostomatea, Order : Vestibuliferida, Family : Balantiididae, Genus

More information

EEB 4274 Lecture Exam #1 Protozoa September 2011

EEB 4274 Lecture Exam #1 Protozoa September 2011 1 Name EEB 4274 Lecture Exam #1 Protozoa September 2011 Read through the exam once before you begin. Read the questions CAREFULLY; be certain to provide all of the information requested. In instances in

More information

Neurosciences- Lecture 2 Virus associated meningitis Polio Virus

Neurosciences- Lecture 2 Virus associated meningitis Polio Virus Al- Balqa Applied University Faculty of Medicine Neurosciences- Lecture 2 Virus associated meningitis Polio Virus Dr. Hala Al Daghistani The most important Enteroviruses are the three poliovirus serotypes

More information

Physiology of Parasites (512) Zoo 3(2+1) Ultrastructure of protozoa and its adaption for host cell invasion

Physiology of Parasites (512) Zoo 3(2+1) Ultrastructure of protozoa and its adaption for host cell invasion Physiology of Parasites (512) Zoo 3(2+1) Ultrastructure of protozoa and its adaption for host cell invasion 1 Introduction protozoa Many are important nutrient cyclers. Many are photoautotrophic & make

More information

ELISA TEST FOR DETECTION OF BLASTOCYSTIS SPP. IN HUMAN FAECES: COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS

ELISA TEST FOR DETECTION OF BLASTOCYSTIS SPP. IN HUMAN FAECES: COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS ELISA TEST FOR DETECTION OF BLASTOCYSTIS SPP. IN HUMAN FAECES: COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS István Kucsera, Mónika Molnár, Eszter Gályász, József Danka, Erika Orosz National Center for Epidemiology, Department

More information

Homebased Microprocessor Recipe Form

Homebased Microprocessor Recipe Form Homebased Microprocessor Recipe Form Please fill in the form to draft a recipe for approval. Product Name Date Farm Name Name of person responsible for product Address City/State/Zip Telephone Email Ingredient

More information

1. Parasitology Protozoa 4

1. Parasitology Protozoa 4 Contents 1. Parasitology 1 Host Parasite Relationship 2 Mode of Transmission 2 2. Protozoa 4 Classification 4 Reproduction 5 Immunity 5 Pathogenesis 6 Laboratory Diagnosis 6 Treatment 8 Entamoeba 8 Classification

More information

HASPI Medical Biology Lab 03

HASPI Medical Biology Lab 03 Patient 1001 is a 42-year-old female that is experiencing severe heartburn, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Ulcers Bleeding sores in the stomach or intestine Gallbladder Disease Gallstones

More information

Cryptosporidium parvum. Cyclospora cayetanensis. Isospora belli. Entamoeba histolytica.

Cryptosporidium parvum. Cyclospora cayetanensis. Isospora belli. Entamoeba histolytica. Cryptosporidium parvum Cyclospora cayetanensis Isospora belli Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia cellular immunity humoral immunity microsporidia Trichomonas vaginalis 12 64 http://www.aids-care.org.tw

More information

Apicomplexa Bowel infection Isosporiasis Blood & Tissue Cryptosporidiosis infection Sarcosporidiasis Toxoplasmosis Cyclosporiasis Babesiasis Malaria

Apicomplexa Bowel infection Isosporiasis Blood & Tissue Cryptosporidiosis infection Sarcosporidiasis Toxoplasmosis Cyclosporiasis Babesiasis Malaria Apicomplexa Bowel infection Isosporiasis Cryptosporidiosis Sarcosporidiasis Cyclosporiasis Blood & Tissue infection Toxoplasmosis Babesiasis Malaria Life cycle of sporozoa Cryptosporidium spp. C.Parvum

More information

Giardia. Presented by Brianne Dettrich

Giardia. Presented by Brianne Dettrich Giardia Presented by Brianne Dettrich History of Giardia Von Leeuwenhoek observed Giardia intestinalis by a microscope in 1681, in his own diarrheal stool It was further described by Vilem Dusan Lambl

More information

Case Study. Andrew L. Dunn, MD, 1 Tameika Reed, MT (ASCP), 2 Charlotte Stewart, MT (ASCP), 2 Rebecca A. Levy, MD 1,2 * ABSTRACT

Case Study. Andrew L. Dunn, MD, 1 Tameika Reed, MT (ASCP), 2 Charlotte Stewart, MT (ASCP), 2 Rebecca A. Levy, MD 1,2 * ABSTRACT Naegleria fowleri That Induces Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis: Rapid Diagnosis and Rare Case of Survival in a 12-Year-Old Caucasian Girl Andrew L. Dunn, MD, 1 Tameika Reed, MT (ASCP), 2 Charlotte

More information

Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research; September 2014: Vol.-3, Issue- 4, P

Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research; September 2014: Vol.-3, Issue- 4, P Original article: Comparison of stool concentration methods for detection of prevalence of enteroparasitic infection in rural tertiary care teaching hospital of Maharashtra 1 Dr. Jaishree Puri, 2 Dr. S.

More information

Outline EP1201. NEHA 2012 AEC June 2012

Outline EP1201. NEHA 2012 AEC June 2012 Food and Water Borne Enteric Protozoa: Environmental Health Perspectives Stephanie M. Fletcher, PhD (c) NEHA AEC & Exhibition San Diego June 30, 2012 Outline Introduction Overview of the Epidemiology of

More information

Parasite Organism Chart Parasite Description Habitat/Sources of Isolation Blastocystis hominis

Parasite Organism Chart Parasite Description Habitat/Sources of Isolation Blastocystis hominis Blastocystis hominis B. hominis has recently been reclassified as a protozoan, of which there are thought to be four separate serologic groups. 1 This organism is transmitted via the fecal-oral route or

More information

Pathogens of the Digestive System

Pathogens of the Digestive System Pathogens of the Digestive System Chapter 24 (Pages 625-661) 1. Digestive System Review (Pages 627-629) A. Oral Cavity B. Esophagus C. Stomach D. Small Intestine E. Pancreas F. Liver G. Gall Bladder H.

More information

HUMAN PARASITOLOGY. lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm. Human Parasitology (Code: ) Guideline

HUMAN PARASITOLOGY. lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm. Human Parasitology (Code: ) Guideline HUMAN PARASITOLOGY Human Parasitology (Code:1001021) Guideline I. Course Introduction 128 classes comprise 72 for lecturing, 54 for lab practice, and 2 for self-study. 6.0 credits; 5 th semester II. Lecturing

More information